scholarly journals A zinc-dependent DNA-binding activity co-operates with cAMP-responsive-element-binding protein to activate the human thyroglobulin enhancer

1997 ◽  
Vol 323 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique BERG ◽  
Gilbert VASSART ◽  
Daniel CHRISTOPHE
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Band Shift ◽  
Transient Transfection Assay ◽  
Dna Binding Activity ◽  
Nuclear Extracts ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Responsive Element

Footprinting experiments involving the human thyroglobulin gene enhancer and thyroid nuclear extracts revealed a protected region called X2, containing an incomplete cAMP-responsive element (CRE). Band-shift experiments identified two binding activities recognizing the X2 element: a CRE-binding protein (CREB)/activating transcription factor (ATF) relative that binds the half CRE motif and a second factor that interacts with a G-rich motif located just upstream from the CRE. The first factor appears to be CREB itself, as indicated by the supershifting when using an antibody directed against CREB, and the second DNA-binding activity involved was shown to be zinc-dependent and exhibited an apparent molecular mass of 42–44 kDa in South-Western blotting experiments. This factor may represent a novel entity, which we named CAF, for ‘CREB Associated Factor’. Three copies of X2 sequence conferred a strong cAMP-dependent transcriptional activation to a heterologous promoter in transient transfection assay in cAMP-stimulated primary thyrocytes and HeLa cells. Transfection experiments of constructs containing the X2 element mutated in either the CRE or the G-rich site showed that both motifs were required for this transcription activating function. Moreover, the combination of several individual X2 elements mutated in either the CRE or the G-rich motif did not exhibit full transcriptional activity. This suggests that, in the context of the X2 element, CREB requires a close interaction with CAF to achieve both basal and cAMP-dependent transcriptional activation.

UV stimulation induces nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) DNA-binding activity but not transcriptional activation

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Campbell ◽  
N. R. Chapman ◽  
N. D. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Camp Response Element Binding ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Dna Binding Activity

The cellular response to DNA-damaging agents is partly mediated by DNA-binding transcription factors such as p53 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Typically NF-κB activation is associated with resistance to apoptosis. Following stimulation with UV light however, NF-κB activation has been shown to be required for programmed cell death. To study this effect further and to determine the relationship between NF-κB and p53 function, we have examined the effect of UV light on U2OS cells. UV stimulation resulted in the activation of NF-κB DNA-binding and the induction of p53. Surprisingly, and in contrast with tumour necrosis factor α stimulation, this UV-induced NF-κB was transcriptionally inert. These observations suggest a model in which the NF-κB switch from an anti-apoptotic to a pro-apoptotic role within the cell results from modulation of its ability to stimulate gene expression, possibly as a result of the ability of p53 to sequester transcriptional co-activator proteins such as p300/CREB (cAMP-response-element-binding protein)-binding protein.

scholarly journals The flavone apigenin blocks nuclear translocation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 in the hepatic cells WRL-68

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 1844-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsz Yan Wong ◽  
Shu-Mei Lin ◽  
Lai K. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Dna Binding Activity ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Sterol Regulatory Element

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) is a pivotal transcriptional factor in cholesterol metabolism. Factors interfering with the proper functioning of SREBP-2 potentially alter plasma lipid concentrations. Consuming fruits and vegetables is associated with beneficial plasma lipid profile. The mechanism by which plant foods induce desirable lipid changes remains unclear. Apigenin, a common plant food flavonoid, was shown to modulate the nuclear translocation of SREBP-2 in the hepatic cells WRL-68 in the present study. The processing of SREBP-2 protein occurred after translation, and apigenin blocked this activation route. Further examination indicated that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was activated by the flavone, and co-administrating the AMPK-specific inhibitor compound C could release the blockage. Reporter gene assay revealed that the transactivation of sterol responsive element (SRE)-containing 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) promoter was suppressed by the flavone. Similarly, electromobility shift assay result also demonstrated a reduced DNA-binding activity on the SRE domain under the same treatment. The reduced transactivity and DNA-binding activity could be attributed to a decreased amount of SREBP-2 translocating from cytosol to nucleus as depicted by confocal microscopy. Quantitative RT-PCR assay demonstrated that the transcription of HMGCR followed the same pattern of SREBP-2 translocation. In summary, the present study showed that apigenin prevented SREBP-2 translocation and reduced the downstream gene HMGCR transcription. The minimum effective dosage should be achievable in the form of functional food consumption or dietary supplementation.

scholarly journals A novel DNA-binding motif in the nuclear matrix attachment DNA-binding protein SATB1

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1852-1860
Author(s):  
K Nakagomi ◽  
Y Kohwi ◽  
L A Dickinson ◽  
T Kohwi-Shigematsu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Dna Binding Domain ◽  
Sequence Context ◽  
Dna Binding Activity

The nuclear matrix attachment DNA (MAR) binding protein SATB1 is a sequence context-specific binding protein that binds in the minor groove, making virtually no contact with the DNA bases. The SATB1 binding sites consist of a special AT-rich sequence context in which one strand is well-mixed A's, T's, and C's, excluding G's (ATC sequences), which is typically found in clusters within different MARs. To determine the extent of conservation of the SATB1 gene among different species, we cloned a mouse homolog of the human STAB1 cDNA from a cDNA expression library of the mouse thymus, the tissue in which this protein is predominantly expressed. This mouse cDNA encodes a 764-amino-acid protein with a 98% homology in amino acid sequence to the human SATB1 originally cloned from testis. To characterize the DNA binding domain of this novel class of protein, we used the mouse SATB1 cDNA and delineated a 150-amino-acid polypeptide as the binding domain. This region confers full DNA binding activity, recognizes the specific sequence context, and makes direct contact with DNA at the same nucleotides as the whole protein. This DNA binding domain contains a novel DNA binding motif: when no more than 21 amino acids at either the N- or C-terminal end of the binding domain are deleted, the majority of the DNA binding activity is lost. The concomitant presence of both terminal sequences is mandatory for binding. These two terminal regions consist of hydrophilic amino acids and share homologous sequences that are different from those of any known DNA binding motifs. We propose that the DNA binding region of SATB1 extends its two terminal regions toward DNA to make direct contact with DNA.

scholarly journals Redox Regulation of GA-binding Protein-α DNA Binding Activity

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (41) ◽  
pp. 25617-25623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Martin ◽  
Yurii Chinenov ◽  
Mi Yu ◽  
Tonya K. Schmidt ◽  
Xiu-Ying Yang
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Dna Binding Activity ◽  
Ga Binding Protein

scholarly journals p300/cAMP-responsive Element-binding Protein Interactions with Ets-1 and Ets-2 in the Transcriptional Activation of the Human Stromelysin Promoter

1999 ◽  
Vol 274 (24) ◽  
pp. 17342-17352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopalswamy Jayaraman ◽  
Rampalli Srinivas ◽  
Catherine Duggan ◽  
Elisabeth Ferreira ◽  
Sathyamangalam Swaminathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Responsive Element ◽  
Camp Responsive Element Binding

scholarly journals Expression of the genes encoding CCAAT-enhancer binding protein isoforms in the mouse mammary gland during lactation and involution

1998 ◽  
Vol 334 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios SABATAKOS ◽  
Gareth E. DAVIES ◽  
Maria GROSSE ◽  
Anthony CRYER ◽  
Dipak P. RAMJI
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Mouse Mammary Gland ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Protein Isoforms ◽  
Dna Binding Activity ◽  
Enhancer Binding Protein ◽  
Ccaat Enhancer Binding Protein

Transcription factors belonging to the CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) family have been implicated in the activation of gene expression in the mammary gland during lactation. We have therefore investigated the detailed expression profile of the C/EBP family during lactation and involution of the mouse mammary gland. The expression of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ mRNA was low during lactation, increased dramatically at the beginning of involution and remained constant thereafter. In contrast, C/EBPα mRNA expression was relatively high during the early stages of lactation, declined to low levels during the late stages of lactation and at the start of involution, and increased again during involution. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays showed a close correlation between the expression of the C/EBP genes and the functional C/EBP DNA-binding activity and, additionally, demonstrated the participation of heterodimers, formed from among the three proteins, in DNA–protein interactions. The DNA-binding activity of the activator protein 1 (AP1) family of transcription factors was also induced during involution. These results therefore point to potentially important regulatory roles for both the C/EBP and the AP1 family during lactation and involution of the mammary gland.

scholarly journals Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 levels vary exponentially over a physiologically relevant range of O2 tension

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. C1172-C1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Jiang ◽  
G. L. Semenza ◽  
C. Bauer ◽  
H. H. Marti
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 ◽  
Dna Binding Activity

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimeric basic helix-loop-helix protein implicated in the transcriptional activation of genes encoding erythropoietin, glycolytic enzymes, and vascular endothelial growth factor in hypoxic mammalian cells. In this study, we have quantitated HIF-1 DNA-binding activity and protein levels of the HIF-1 alpha and HIF-1 beta subunits in human HeLa cells exposed to O2 concentrations ranging from 0 to 20% in the absence or presence of 1 mM KCN to inhibit oxidative phosphorylation and cellular O2 consumption. HIF-1 DNA-binding activity, HIF-1 alpha protein and HIF-1 beta protein each increased exponentially as cells were subjected to decreasing O2 concentrations, with a half maximal response between 1.5 and 2% O2 and a maximal response at 0.5% O2, both in the presence and absence of KCN. The HIF-1 response was greatest over O2 concentrations associated with ischemic/hypoxic events in vivo. These results provide evidence for the involvement of HIF-1 in O2 homeostasis and represent a functional characterization of the putative O2 sensor that initiates hypoxia signal transduction leading to HIF-1 expression.

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