scholarly journals Role of cholesterol synthesis and esterification in the growth of CEM and MOLT4 lymphoblastic cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 321 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra DESSÌ ◽  
Barbara BATETTA ◽  
Alessandra PANI ◽  
Ornella SPANO ◽  
Francesca SANNA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cell Leukaemia ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
T Cell Lines ◽  
Lymphoblastic Cells ◽  
The Relationship

CEM and MOLT4 are human T-cell lines isolated from patients with acute cell leukaemia. In culture they show important differences in cholesterol metabolism, CEM being less efficient at synthesizing cholesterol and having a lower activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMGCoA) reductase. To investigate further the relationship between regulation of intracellular cholesterol metabolism at various steps and rate of cell growth, cholesterol synthesis, esterification and efflux were evaluated in CEM and MOLT4 cells at different times during exponential and stationary growth in vitro. It was shown that, although CEM cells have a lower rate of cholesterol synthesis, they grow at a faster rate than MOLT4 cells. However, CEM cells exhibit an increased capacity to esterify cholesterol associated with a decreased efflux of newly synthesized cholesterol into the medium. These results provide evidence for an association between the capability to synthesize and retain cell cholesterol esters and the growth rate potential.

The URNA Genes of Herpesvirus Saimiri (Strain C488) Are Dispensable for Transformation of Human T Cells In Vitro

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 10551-10555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Ensser ◽  
André Pfinder ◽  
Ingrid Müller-Fleckenstein ◽  
Bernhard Fleckenstein
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Herpesvirus Saimiri ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Human T Cells ◽  
Small Nuclear Rnas ◽  
T Cell Lines

ABSTRACT The herpesvirus saimiri strain C488 genome contains five genes for small nuclear RNAs, termed herpesvirus saimiri URNAs (or HSURs). Using a cosmid-based approach, all HSURs were precisely deleted from the genome. The mutant virus replicated at levels that were similar to those of wild-type viruses in OMK cells. Although the HSURs are expressed in wild-type virus-transformed human T-cell lines, the deletion does not affect viral transformation in cell culture.

scholarly journals Role of interleukins in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Xin She ◽  
Qing Yang Yu ◽  
Xiao Xiao Tang
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Cells ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractInterleukins, a group of cytokines participating in inflammation and immune response, are proved to be involved in the formation and development of pulmonary fibrosis. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between interleukins and pulmonary fibrosis from the clinical, animal, as well as cellular levels, and discussed the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Despite the effects of interleukin-targeted treatment on experimental pulmonary fibrosis, clinical applications are lacking and unsatisfactory. We conclude that intervening in one type of interleukins with similar functions in IPF may not be enough to stop the development of fibrosis as it involves a complex network of regulation mechanisms. Intervening interleukins combined with other existing therapy or targeting interleukins affecting multiple cells/with different functions at the same time may be one of the future directions. Furthermore, the intervention time is critical as some interleukins play different roles at different stages. Further elucidation on these aspects would provide new perspectives on both the pathogenesis mechanism, as well as the therapeutic strategy and drug development.

scholarly journals Serum Fetuin-B Levels Are Elevated in Women with Metabolic Syndrome and Associated with Increased Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Shiyao Xue ◽  
Hongdong Han ◽  
Shunli Rui ◽  
Mengliu Yang ◽  
Yizhou Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Factors ◽  
Triglyceride Content

Previous studies on serum fetuin-B (fetuin-like protein IRL685) have investigated its association with T2DM; however, the reason for the variation in serum fetuin-B and its regulatory factors in metabolic disease remain unclear. Here, we evaluated serum fetuin-B levels in women with newly diagnosed MetS and performed multiple interventions to investigate the role of fetuin-B in the pathogenesis of MetS. Serum fetuin-B levels were assessed using ELISA. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to analyze fetuin-B-related genes and signaling pathways. Additionally, oxidative stress parameters were measured in the in vitro study. For subgroup analyses, we performed EHC, OGTT, and treatment with a GLP-1RA to investigate the regulatory factors of serum fetuin-B. We found that in comparison with healthy subjects, serum fetuin-B levels were markedly increased in women with MetS. Further, serum fetuin-B showed a positive correlation with WHR, FAT%, TG, FBG, HbA1c, FIns, HOMA-IR, VAI, and LAP. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that most fetuin-B-related core genes were involved in cholesterol metabolism and fat decomposition. Consistent with this finding, multivariate regression analysis showed that triglyceride content and WHR were independently associated with serum fetuin-B. We also observed that serum fetuin-B levels were markedly elevated in healthy subjects after glucose loading and in women with MetS during EHC. In vitro, overexpression of fetuin-B promoted oxidative stress in HepG2 cell. After 6 months of treatment with a GLP-1RA, serum fetuin-B levels in women with MetS decreased following an improvement in metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Therefore, serum fetuin-B is associated with MetS, which may serve as a biomarker of oxidative stress. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-OCC-11001422.

Role of RpoS and MutS in phase variation of Pseudomonas sp. PCL1171

Microbiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 1403-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan van den Broek ◽  
Thomas F. C. Chin-A-Woeng ◽  
Guido V. Bloemberg ◽  
Ben J. J. Lugtenberg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Phase Variation ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Spontaneous Mutations ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
The Relationship

Pseudomonas sp. strain PCL1171 undergoes reversible colony phase variation between opaque phase I and translucent phase II colonies, which is dependent on spontaneous mutations in the regulatory genes gacA and gacS. Mutation of the mutS gene and constitutive expression of rpoS increases the frequency at which gac mutants appear 1000- and 10-fold, respectively. Experiments were designed to study the relationship between gacS, rpoS and mutS. These studies showed that (i) a functional gac system is required for the expression of rpoS, (ii) RpoS suppresses the expression of mutS and therefore increases the frequency of gac mutants, and (iii) upon mutation of rpoS and gacS, the expression of mutS is increased. Mutation of gacS abolishes suppression of mutS expression in stationary growth, suggesting that additional gac-dependent factors are involved in this suppression. In conclusion, inefficient mutation repair via MutS, of which the expression is influenced by gacA/S itself and by rpoS in combination with other factors, contributes to the high frequency of mutations accumulating in gacA/S. The role of RpoS in the growth advantage of a gac mutant was analysed, and mutation of rpoS only reduced the length of the lag phase, but did not affect the growth rate, suggesting a role for both RpoS and a reduction of metabolic load in the growth advantage of a gac mutant.

Copper complexes as antitumor agents: in vitro and in vivo evidences

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia M. Balsa ◽  
Enrique J. Baran ◽  
Ignacio E. León
Keyword(s):  
Copper Complexes ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Copper Compounds ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

: Copper is an essential element for most aerobic organisms, with an important function as a structural and catalytic cofactor, and in consequence, it is implicated in several biological actions. The relevant aspects of chemistry and biochemistry and the importance of copper compounds in medicine give us a comprehensive knowledge of the multifaceted applications of copper in physiology and physiopathology. In this review, we present an outline of the chemistry and the antitumor properties of copper complexes on breast, colon, and lung cancer cells focus on the role of copper in cancer, the relationship between structure-activity, molecular targets, and the study of the mechanism of action involved in its anticancer activity. This overview is expected to contribute to understanding the design, synthesis, uses of copper complexes as antitumor agents in the most common cancers.

The relationship between motor activity and transmural potential difference in the guinea pig intestine in vitro: is there a neural link?

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 993-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverley Greenwood ◽  
Stephanie Diamant ◽  
J. S. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Histological Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spontaneous Fluctuations ◽  
Pig Jejunum

The aim of the experiments was to examine, in vitro, the role of the enteric nervous system in the relationship between motor activity and transmural potential difference (PD) in the guinea pig jejunum and colon using the nerve blocking agents tetrodotoxin (TTX) and aconitine. Histological data showed that perfusion of the intestinal segments with gassed Hepes solution was essential for the maintenance of transmural PD. Disruption of the mucosa was associated with a loss of spontaneous fluctuations in transmural PD without any loss of spontaneous motor activity. Under spontaneous conditions, a neural pathway exists linking jejunal and colonic motility with transmural PD. However, in some cases a mechanical link was also apparent, as an attenuated TTX and aconitine–resistant component.

scholarly journals The role of probiotics on the roadmap to a healthy microbiota: a symposium report

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Lockyer ◽  
Marisol Aguirre ◽  
Louise Durrant ◽  
Bruno Pot ◽  
Kaori Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Epigenetic Programming ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Probiotic Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Host Genes

ABSTRACT The ninth International Yakult Symposium was held in Ghent, Belgium in April 2018. Keynote lectures were from Professor Wijmenga on using biobanks to understand the relationship between the gut microbiota and health; and Professor Hill on phage–probiotic interactions. Session one included talks from Professor Plӧsch on epigenetic programming by nutritional and environmental factors; Professor Wilmes on the use of “omics” methodologies in microbiome research and Professor Rescigno on the gut vascular barrier. Session two explored the evidence behind Lactobacillus casei Shirota with Dr Nanno explaining the plasticity in immunomodulation that enables the strain to balance immune functions; Dr Macnaughtan outlining its potential therapeutic use in cirrhosis and Professor Nishida detailing effects in subjects under stress. The third session saw Professor Marchesi describing that both the host genes and the gut microbiota can play a role in cancer; Professor Bergheim highlighting crosstalk between the gut and the liver and Professor Cani describing the relationship between the gut microbiota and the endocrine system. The final session explored probiotic mechanisms, with Professor Lebeer dissecting the challenges in conducting mechanistic studies; Professor Wehkamp describing the mucosal defence system and Professor Van de Wiele detailing methods for modelling the gut microbiota in vitro.

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