scholarly journals Mammalian mitochondrial β-oxidation

1996 ◽  
Vol 320 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon EATON ◽  
Kim B BARTLETT ◽  
Morteza POURFARZAM
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Supramolecular Organization ◽  
Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase ◽  
Inherited Disorders ◽  
Multifunctional Enzyme ◽  
Causes Of Disease ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Specific Regulation

The enzymic stages of mammalian mitochondrial β-oxidation were elucidated some 30–40 years ago. However, the discovery of a membrane-associated multifunctional enzyme of β-oxidation, a membrane-associated acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and characterization of the carnitine palmitoyl transferase system at the protein and at the genetic level has demonstrated that the enzymes of the system itself are incompletely understood. Deficiencies of many of the enzymes have been recognized as important causes of disease. In addition, the study of these disorders has led to a greater understanding of the molecular mechanism of β-oxidation and the import, processing and assembly of the β-oxidation enzymes within the mitochondrion. The tissue-specific regulation, intramitochondrial control and supramolecular organization of the pathway is becoming better understood as sensitive analytical and molecular techniques are applied. This review aims to cover enzymological and organizational aspects of mitochondrial β-oxidation together with the biochemical aspects of inherited disorders of β-oxidation and the intrinsic control of β-oxidation.

scholarly journals Characterization of Ocular Surface Microbial Profiles Revealed Discrepancies between Conjunctival and Corneal Microbiota

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Anna Matysiak ◽  
Michal Kabza ◽  
Justyna A. Karolak ◽  
Marcelina M. Jaworska ◽  
Malgorzata Rydzanicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Corneal Tissue ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Viral Sequences ◽  
Pcr Techniques ◽  
Unmapped Reads

The ocular microbiome composition has only been partially characterized. Here, we used RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) data to assess microbial diversity in human corneal tissue. Additionally, conjunctival swab samples were examined to characterize ocular surface microbiota. Short RNA-Seq reads, obtained from a previous transcriptome study of 50 corneal tissues, were mapped to the human reference genome GRCh38 to remove sequences of human origin. The unmapped reads were then used for taxonomic classification by comparing them with known bacterial, archaeal, and viral sequences from public databases. The components of microbial communities were identified and characterized using both conventional microbiology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques in 36 conjunctival swabs. The majority of ocular samples examined by conventional and molecular techniques showed very similar microbial taxonomic profiles, with most of the microorganisms being classified into Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria phyla. Only 50% of conjunctival samples exhibited bacterial growth. The PCR detection provided a broader overview of positive results for conjunctival materials. The RNA-Seq assessment revealed significant variability of the corneal microbial communities, including fastidious bacteria and viruses. The use of the combined techniques allowed for a comprehensive characterization of the eye microbiome’s elements, especially in aspects of microbiota diversity.

Molecular mechanism of the multifunctional enzyme l-δ-(α-aminoadipoyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine (ACV) synthetase

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 629S-629S ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIA-YANG SHIAU ◽  
MICHAEL F. BYFORD ◽  
JACK E. BALDWIN ◽  
CHRISTOPHER J. SCHOFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Multifunctional Enzyme

Crystallization and characterization of the dehydrogenase domain from rat peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 1

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka P. Taskinen ◽  
Tiila-Riikka Kiema ◽  
Kari T. Koivuranta ◽  
Rik K. Wierenga ◽  
J. Kalervo Hiltunen
Keyword(s):  
Multifunctional Enzyme

scholarly journals Biosorption potential and molecular characterization of metal resistant autochthonous microbes from tannery solid waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajira Younas ◽  
Aisha Nazir ◽  
Zakia Latif ◽  
Janice E Thies ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Tannery Solid Waste ◽  
Clean Metal

This study encompasses isolation and screening of heavy metal-resistant fungal and bacterial strains from tannery solid waste (TSW). Twelve fungal strains and twenty-five bacterial strains were isolated from TSW. The growth of fungal strains was observed against different heavy metals ranging from 10 mg L -1 to 1050 mg L -1 and the growth of bacteria was observed in metal concentrations ranging from 10 mg L -1 to 1200 mg L -1 . Five multi-metal resistant fungal isolates belonging to the genus Trichoderma and ten bacterial isolates belonging to the genus Bacillus showed good metal resistance and biosorption potential. They were identified through molecular techniques, fungi based on ITS region ribotyping, and bacteria based on 16S rRNA ribotyping. The fungal strains were characterized as T. hamatum (TSWF-06), T. harzianum (TSWF-11), T. lixii (TSWF-02) and T. pseudokoningii (TSWF-03, TSWF-10). The bacterial strains were characterized as Bacillus xiamenensis (TSW-02), B. velezensis (TSW-05), B. piscis (TSW-06), B. safensis (TSW-10), B. subtilis (TSW-14, TSW-15, TSW-17) B. licheniformis (TSW-19), B. cereus (TSW-20) and B. thuringiensis (TSW-22). The fungal strains namely, T. pseudokoningii (TSWF-03) and T. harzianum proved to be two multi-metal resistant strains with good biosorption efficiency. Unlike fungi, bacterial strains showed metal specific resistance. The strains Bacillus xiamenensis , B. subtilis (TSW-14) and B. subtilis (TSW-15) showed good biosorption efficiency against Cr, B. safensis against Cu, B. piscis and B. subtilis (TSW-17) against Pb and B. licheniformis and B. thuringiensis against Zn. The autochthonous fungal and bacterial strains can therefore be employed to clean metal contaminated environments.

scholarly journals Characterization of Five New Earthworm Mitogenomes (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae): Mitochondrial Phylogeny of Lumbricidae

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Hongyi Liu ◽  
Yufeng Zhang ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Yu Fang ◽  
Honghua Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Octolasion Tyrtaeum ◽  
Eisenia Nordenskioldi ◽  
Novel Strategy

Identification based on conventional morphological characteristics is typically difficult and time-consuming. The development of molecular techniques provides a novel strategy that relies on specific mitochondrial gene fragments to conduct authentication. For this study, five newly sequenced partial mitogenomes of earthworms (Bimastos parvus, Dendrobaena octaedra, Eisenia andrei, Eisenia nordenskioldi, and Octolasion tyrtaeum) with lengths ranging from 14,977 to 15,715 were presented. Each mitogenome possessed a putative control region that resided between tRNA-Arg and tRNA-His. All of the PCGs were under negative selection according to the value of Ka/Ks. The phylogenetic trees supported the classification of Eisenia and Lumbricus; however, the trees based on cox1 did not. Through various comparisons, it was determined that cox1 fragments might be more suitable for molecular identification. These results lay the foundation for further phylogenetic studies on Lumbricidae.

scholarly journals Massive sequencing of artisan cheeses from raw sheep’s milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
Ruiz Julia ◽  
Etcheverria Analia ◽  
Padola Nora ◽  
Kruger Alejandra ◽  
Medina Luis
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Massive Sequencing ◽  
Traditional Fermentation ◽  
Antibacterial Capacity

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used in the food industry to confer aromatic characteristics and their antibacterial capacity. In this study the native flora of LAB that participates in the traditional fermentation of semi-hard cheeses made with raw sheep's milk from the region of Andalusia, Spain was analyzed. Three samples of four different commercial cheeses were taken. Massive sequencing was carried out to identify the lactic and accompanying flora. Predominant lactic flora was Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactococcus raffinolactis, and to a lesser extent other species of the genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus and Leuconestoc. The accompanying flora was composed of species of the genera Mycoplasma, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Chryseobacterium, Mannheimia, Trueperella, Enterococcus, Vibrio, Serratia, Macrococcus, Staphylococcus, Massilia, Flavobacterium, Yersinia, Gallaecimonas, Hafnia, Leclercia, Obesumbacterium, Morganella and Kluyvera. These results show that modern molecular techniques are very good tools to identify natural LABs of artisanal dairy products. The characterization of the native flora of the artisanal cheese allows us to evaluate the microbiological diversity of the natural population of LAB and the symbiosis with another type of flora.

Synthesis and characterization of new tetra-substituted porphyrins with exo-donor carboxylic groups as building blocks for supramolecular architectures: Catalytic and structural studies of their metalated derivatives

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (09) ◽  
pp. 804-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Carlucci ◽  
Gianfranco Ciani ◽  
Simona Maggini ◽  
Davide M. Proserpio ◽  
Fabio Ragaini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Supramolecular Organization ◽  
Silver Complexes ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Polymeric Compound ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Supramolecular Architectures ◽  
Carboxylic Groups

We report herein the synthesis of the porphyrins 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxybiphenyl)-porphyrin (H2TCBP) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxy-2,6-dimethylbiphenyl)porphyrin (H2TCDMBP) bearing diphenyl units on meso-positions, and of their cobalt and silver derivatives. The silver complexes of H2TCDMBP and of H2TCPP ( H2TCPP = 5 ,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin) were investigated by X-ray crystallography and their supramolecular organization elucidated. Co(TCBP) was reacted with copper formate, yielding a polymeric compound that showed a catalytic activity in the benzylic amination of hydrocarbons using arylazide as aminating agent.

Morphological and molecular characterization of adult worms of Leucochloridium paradoxum Carus, 1835 and L. perturbatum Pojmańska, 1969 (Digenea: Leucochloridiidae) from the great tit, Parus major L., 1758 and similarity with the sporocyst stages

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rząd ◽  
P. Hofsoe ◽  
R. Panicz ◽  
J.K. Nowakowski
Keyword(s):  
Parus Major ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization ◽  
Sea Coast

AbstractUnlike the sporocyst stages, adult leucochloridiid digeneans are difficult to differentiate. Sporocyst broodsacs can be identified on the basis of their colour and banding pattern, but in the absence of broodsacs and when experimental infection cannot be performed, tentative morphological identification needs to be verified, and molecular techniques offer a tool to do this. In this study, adult leucochloridiid digeneans were collected from the great tit (Parus major) found dead at three localities at or near the Baltic Sea coast (Hel, Bukowo-Kopań and Szczecin) in northern Poland. On the basis of differences in their morphological characters, Hel specimens were tentatively assigned to Leucochloridium perturbatum, Bukowo-Kopań and Szczecin specimens being identified tentatively as L. paradoxum. Subsequent ribosomal DNA sequence analysis confirmed the identification of these leucochloridiid flukes. Nucleotide sequences discriminating between the two species were identical to those used by earlier authors as characteristic of two distinctly different sporocyst broodsacs representing L. perturbatum and L. paradoxum.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiological Data onDirofilaria immitisin Dogs from Northeastern States of India

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonjoy Kumar Borthakur ◽  
Dilip Kumar Deka ◽  
Saidul Islam ◽  
Dilip Kumar Sarma ◽  
Prabhat Chandra Sarmah
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Working Dogs ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence ofDirofilaria immitisin stray, pet, and working dogs (n=413, 266, and 103, resp.) from Guwahati (Assam) and Aizawl (Mizoram), areas located in two Northeastern States of India. Diagnostic methods applied were microscopy (wet film and Knott’s concentration technique), immunological test (Ag ELISA by SNAP 4Dx ELISA kit), and molecular tools (polymerase chain reaction and sequencing), which evidenced 11.38, 18.03, and 13.93% of positive animals, respectively. No significant differences were observed by area (18.23% versus 17.68%) nor by sex (18.1% versus 17.9%), whereas stray dogs proved more infected than other groups (P<0.05). ELISA test evidenced an overall 22.69% of occult infections, mainly in working dogs (60%), and molecular techniques detectedDirofilaria (Nochtiella) repensin 4 stray dogs from Guwahati. Characterization ofD. immitisisolates for ITS-2 region showed close identity with South Asian isolates.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Molecular Mechanism for Maturation Inhibitors against the HIV-1 Capsid-SP1 Domain

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 223a
Author(s):  
Carly A. Sciandra ◽  
Pengfei Ding ◽  
Eric O. Freed ◽  
Michael F. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Hiv 1
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