scholarly journals Intracellular degradation in the regulation of secretion of apolipoprotein B-100 by rabbit hepatocytes

1996 ◽  
Vol 314 (3) ◽  
pp. 977-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. CARTWRIGHT ◽  
Joan A. HIGGINS
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Calpain Inhibitor ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Intracellular Degradation ◽  
Golgi Membranes ◽  
Regulation Of Secretion

Isolated rabbit hepatocytes were incubated with [35S]methionine to label intracellular pools of apolipoprotein B (apo-B). The cells were then reincubated with an excess of unlabelled methionine in the presence of oleate or protease inhibitors and the intracellular sites of accumulation of radiolabelled apo-B and the mass of apo-B were determined by isolation and analysis of subcellular fractions. Oleate or inhibitors of metalloproteases (o-phenanthroline), serine proteases (aprotinin), serine/cysteine proteases (leupeptin) or cysteine proteases (calpain inhibitor I; ALLN) but not aspartate proteases (pepstatin) resulted in inhibition of the cellular degradation of apo-B. The effect of o-phenanthroline was reversed by the addition of zinc ions. Oleate, o-phenanthroline and leupeptin also stimulated secretion of radiolabelled apo-B; the effects of the inhibitors and oleate were additive, suggesting that they could act via different mechanisms. o-Phenanthroline caused accumulation of apo-B in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) membranes; leupeptin caused accumulation of apo-B in the SER and cis-Golgi membranes, and ALLN and aprotinin caused accumulation of apo-B in the trans-Golgi membranes. These results suggest that intracellular degradation of apo-B occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and in the trans-Golgi membranes and involves different proteases. Apo-B that accumulates in the ER membrane can be diverted into the lumen for secretion; however, apo-B that accumulates in the trans-Golgi membrane is irretrievably diverted from secretion.

scholarly journals Intracellular events in the assembly of very-low-density-lipoprotein lipids with apolipoprotein B in isolated rabbit hepatocytes

1995 ◽  
Vol 310 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
I J Cartwright ◽  
J A Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipids

Isolated rabbit hepatocytes incorporated [35S]methionine into cellular and secreted apolipoprotein B (apo-B), and [3H]glycerol into cellular and secreted triacylglycerol and phospholipids. Newly synthesized apo-B was incorporated into rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), cis-Golgi and trans-Golgi membranes and was preferentially transferred into the lumen of the RER with specific radioactivities ten times those in the membrane. Radiolabelled apo-B did not equilibrate with pre-existing unlabelled apo-B, and pools of different specific radioactivities were established in different subcellular fractions. Only a small fraction of the newly synthesized apo-B was transferred to the Golgi lumen. In pulse-chase experiments, most of the newly synthesized apo-B in the RER membrane and the RER lumen was degraded. [3H]Glycerol was incorporated into triacylglycerol and phospholipids in the lumen of the RER, SER, cis-Golgi and trans-Golgi. However, in contrast with apo-B, all of the radiolabelled lipids in the lumen of the RER, SER and cis-Golgi were transferred to the trans-Golgi lumen or secreted. Analysis of the lipid composition of the lumenal content fractions suggests that, although very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) lipids are present in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, a large fraction of these is not associated with apo-B. Collectively these observations suggest that assembly of apo-B into complete VLDL is not cotranslational, that most lipids become associated with apo-B late in the endoplasmic reticulum compartment and that the lipids are further modified in the Golgi lumen.

Tunicamycin induces ubiquitination and degradation of apolipoprotein B in HepG2 cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 353 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei LIAO ◽  
Lawrence CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Proteasome Inhibitor ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Lipoprotein Particles ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Intracellular Degradation

Apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 is an essential component of atherogenic plasma lipoproteins. Previous studies have demonstrated that the production of apoB-100 is regulated largely by intracellular degradation at both the co-translational and post-translational levels and that proteasome-mediated and non-proteasome-mediated pathways are involved in this process. ApoB-100 is a glycoprotein. The present study was undertaken to address the question of whether the inhibition of N-linked glycosylation with tunicamycin would interfere with apoB-100 production. We demonstrated that the treatment of HepG2 cells with tunicamycin decreased the net production of apoB-100 by enhancing co-translational degradation of the protein. This effect of tunicamycin was partly prevented by lactacystin, a specific proteasome inhibitor. Because lactacystin only partly reversed the effects of tunicamycin on apoB biogenesis, tunicamycin seemed also to induce apoB co-translational degradation in HepG2 cells by one or more non-proteasomal pathways. Furthermore, tunicamycin increased apoB ubiquitination approx. 4-fold. The proportion of the newly synthesized apoB-100 that was secreted and incorporated into the nascent lipoprotein particles was unaffected by tunicamycin. Thus the tunicamycin-mediated inhibition of N-linked glycosylation interferes with the production of apoB-100 that is mediated by both proteasomal and non-proteasomal pathways.

scholarly journals Determination of the intracellular distribution and pool sizes of apolipoprotein B in rabbit liver

1992 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wilkinson ◽  
J A Higgins ◽  
P H E Groot ◽  
E Gherardi ◽  
D E Bowyer
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Intracellular Distribution ◽  
Subcellular Fractions ◽  
Rabbit Liver ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Golgi Region ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Vldl Assembly

We have investigated the intracellular distribution of apolipoprotein B (apo B) in rabbit liver by immunoblotting, radioimmunoassay (r.i.a.) and enzyme-linked immunoassay (e.l.i.s.a.). Apo B100 was detected in total microsomes, rough microsomes, smooth microsomes, trans-enriched Golgi and cis-enriched Golgi and membrane and cisternal-content subfractions prepared from these fractions. There was also evidence of degradation of apo B100 in the Golgi membrane fractions. The amount of apo B in the subcellular fractions detected by competitive r.i.a. or e.l.i.s.a. ranged from 1.5 micrograms/mg of protein in the rough endoplasmic reticulum to 13 micrograms/mg of protein in the trans-Golgi fraction. Using internal standards (NADPH-cytochrome c reductase for the endoplasmic reticulum and galactosyltransferase for the Golgi membranes) it was calculated that all the apo B of liver is recovered within the secretory compartment, with 63% of the total apo B in the endoplasmic reticulum and the remainder in the Golgi. When the subcellular fractions were separated into membranes and cisternal contents, 60%, 50%, 60% and 30% of the total apo B was recovered in the membrane of the rough microsomes, smooth microsomes, cis-Golgi and trans-Golgi respectively. Using competitive e.l.i.s.a. we found that the membrane-bound form of the apo B was exposed at the cytosolic surface of the intact subcellular fractions. These observations are consistent with a model for assembly of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) in which newly synthesized apo B is incorporated into a membrane-bound pool and a lumenal pool. The membrane-bound pool not used for VLDL assembly may be degraded, possibly in the Golgi region.

scholarly journals Electrophoretic mobility of γ-glutamyltransferase in rat liver subcellular fractions. Evidence for structure difference from the kidney enzyme

1989 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Antoine ◽  
A Visvikis ◽  
C Thioudellet ◽  
A Rahimi-Pour ◽  
N Strazielle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Subcellular Fractions ◽  
Golgi Membranes

Adult rat liver gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been poorly characterized because of its very low concentration in the tissue. In contrast with the kidney, the liver enzyme is inducible by some xenobiotics, and its relationship to hepatic ontogeny and carcinogenesis seems to be important. Liver GGT polypeptides were identified by immunoblot analysis in subcellular fractions (rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi membranes and plasma membranes). Rat liver GGT appeared as a series of polypeptides corresponding to different maturation steps. Polypeptides related to the heavy subunit of GGT were detected in rough endoplasmic reticulum at 49, 53 and 55 kDa, and in Golgi membranes at 55, 60 and 66 kDa. Two polypeptides related to the light subunit of GGT were also observed in Golgi membranes. In plasma membranes GGT was composed of 100 kDa, 66 kDa and 31 kDa polypeptides. The 66 kDa component could correspond to the heavy subunit of the rat liver enzyme, and if so has a molecular mass higher than that of the purified rat kidney form of GGT (papain-treated). These data suggest different peptide backbones for the heavy subunits of liver GGT and kidney GGT.

scholarly journals Quantification of apolipoprotein B-48 and B-100 in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi fractions

1992 ◽  
Vol 285 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
I J Cartwright ◽  
J A Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Subcellular Fractions ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Quantitative Immunoblotting

We have developed a method for measurement of apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 and apo B-100 in blood and subcellular fractions of rat liver based on SDS/PAGE followed by quantitative immunoblotting using 125I-Protein A. Standard curves were prepared in each assay using apo B prepared from total rat lipoproteins by extraction with tetramethylurea. Subcellular fractions (rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi fractions) were prepared from rat liver and separated into membrane and cisternal-content fractions. For quantification, membrane fractions were solubilized in Triton X-100, and the apo B was immunoprecipitated before separation by SDS/PAGE and immunoblotting. Content fractions were concentrated by ultrafiltration and separated by SDS/PAGE without immunoprecipitation. Quantification of apo B in subcellular fractions and detection of apo B by immunoblotting yielded consistent results. In all fractions apo B-48 was the major form, accounting for approximately three-quarters of the total apo B. By using marker enzymes as internal standards, it was calculated that all of the apo B was recovered in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi fractions, with approximately 80% of each form of apo B in the endoplasmic reticulum. More than 90% of the apo B of the rough- and smooth-endoplasmic-reticulum fractions was membrane-bound, whereas approx. 33 and 15% of the apo B of the cis-enriched Golgi fractions and trans-enriched Golgi fractions respectively were membrane-bound.

scholarly journals Mannosylation of Endogenous Proteins of Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum and of Golgi Membranes

1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olle S. NILSSON ◽  
Maria Elena TOMAS ◽  
Elisabeth PETERSON ◽  
Anders BERGMAN ◽  
Gustav DALLNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Membranes ◽  
Endogenous Proteins
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