scholarly journals Isoprenoid biosynthesis in bacteria: a novel pathway for the early steps leading to isopentenyl diphosphate

1993 ◽  
Vol 295 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rohmer ◽  
M Knani ◽  
P Simonin ◽  
B Sutter ◽  
H Sahm
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Zymomonas Mobilis ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Isoprenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate ◽  
Isopentenyl Diphosphate ◽  
Valine Biosynthesis

Incorporation of 13C-labelled glucose, acetate, pyruvate or erythrose allowed the determination of the origin of the carbon atoms of triterpenoids of the hopane series and/or of the ubiquinones from several bacteria (Zymomonas mobilis, Methylobacterium fujisawaense, Escherichia coli and Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris) confirmed our earlier results obtained by incorporation of 13C-labelled acetate into the hopanoids of other bacteria and led to the identification of a novel biosynthetic route for the early steps of isoprenoid biosynthesis. The C5 framework of isoprenic units results most probably (i) from the condensation of a C2 unit derived from pyruvate decarboxylation (e.g. thiamine-activated acetaldehyde) on the C-2 carbonyl group of a triose phosphate derivative issued probably from dihydroxyacetone phosphate and not from pyruvate and (ii) from a transposition step. Although this hypothetical biosynthetic pathway resembles that of L-valine biosynthesis, this amino acid or its C5 precursors could be excluded as intermediates in the formation of isoprenic units.

Determination of the Complete Amino Acid Sequence of Recombinant Human γ-Interferon Produced in Escherichia coli

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHOJIRO YAMAZAKI ◽  
TSUNEO SHIMAZU ◽  
SHIGENOBU KIMURA ◽  
HIROHIKO SHIMIZU
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Complete Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Γ Interferon

The deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. Discovery and function of the ispDEFGH genes and their cognate enzymes

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 393-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rohdich ◽  
Stefan Hecht ◽  
Adelbert Bacher ◽  
Wolfgang Eisenreich
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Mevalonate Pathway ◽  
Isoprenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Catalytic Action ◽  
Isopentenyl Diphosphate ◽  
Dimethylallyl Diphosphate ◽  
And Function

Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) serve as the universal precursors for the biosynthesis of terpenes. Besides the well-known mevalonate pathway, a second biosynthetic pathway conducive to IPP and DMAPP via 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate and 2C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate has been discovered recently in plants and certain eubacteria. 2C-Methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate, the first committed intermediate of the deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway, is converted into 2C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate by the catalytic action of three enzymes specified by the ispDEF genes. The cyclic diphosphate is reductively opened by the IspG protein affording 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate. This compound can be converted into IPP as well as DMAPP by the catalytic action of IspH protein. The enzymes of this pathway are potential targets for novel antibacterial, antimalarial, and herbicide agents.

scholarly journals Phenotypic, Biochemical, and Genetic Analysis of KPC-41, a KPC-3 Variant Conferring Resistance to Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Exhibiting Reduced Carbapenemase Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Mueller ◽  
Amandine Masseron ◽  
Guy Prod’Hom ◽  
Tatiana Galperine ◽  
Gilbert Greub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Amino Acid Insertion

ABSTRACT A novel KPC variant, KPC-41, was identified in a Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate from Switzerland. This β-lactamase possessed a 3-amino-acid insertion (Pro-Asn-Lys) located between amino acids 269 and 270 compared to the KPC-3 amino acid sequence. Cloning and expression of the blaKPC-41 gene in Escherichia coli, followed by determination of MIC values and kinetic parameters, showed that KPC-41, compared to those of KPC-3, has an increased affinity to ceftazidime and a decreased sensitivity to avibactam, leading to resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam once produced in K. pneumoniae. Furthermore, KPC-41 exhibited a drastic decrease of its carbapenemase activity. This report highlights that a diversity of KPC variants conferring resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam already circulate in Europe.

scholarly journals Expression of an exogenous isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase gene enhances isoprenoid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli

1997 ◽  
Vol 324 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu KAJIWARA ◽  
Paul D. FRASER ◽  
Keiji KONDO ◽  
Norihiko MISAWA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Isoprenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Isopentenyl Diphosphate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Β Carotene

Escherichia coli expressing the Erwinia carotenoid biosynthesis genes, crtE, crtB, crtI and crtY, form yellow-coloured colonies due to the presence of β-carotene. This host was used as a visible marker for evaluating regulatory systems operating in isoprenoid biosynthesis of E. coli. cDNAs enhancing carotenoid levels were isolated from the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma and the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that they coded for proteins similar to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) isomerase of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Determination of enzymic activity confirmed the identity of the gene products as IPP isomerases. The corresponding gene was isolated from the genomic library of S. cerevisiae based on its nucleotide sequence, and was confirmed to have the same effect as the above two IPP isomerase genes when introduced into the E. coli transformant accumulating β-carotene. In the three E. coli strains carrying the individual exogenous IPP isomerase genes, the increases in carotenoid levels are comparable to the increases in IPP isomerase enzyme activity with reference to control strains possessing the endogenous gene alone. These results imply that IPP isomerase forms an influential step in isoprenoid biosynthesis of the prokaryote E. coli, with potential for the efficient production of industrially useful isoprenoids by metabolic engineering.

scholarly journals Improved pyrrolysine biosynthesis through phage assisted non-continuous directed evolution of the complete pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne M. L. Ho ◽  
Corwin A. Miller ◽  
Kathryn A. Smith ◽  
Jacob R. Mattia ◽  
Matthew R. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Directed Evolution ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Reporter Protein ◽  
Proteinogenic Amino Acid ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rational Engineering ◽  
Fundamental Building Block

AbstractPyrrolysine (Pyl, O) exists in nature as the 22nd proteinogenic amino acid. Despite being a fundamental building block of proteins, studies of Pyl have been hindered by the difficulty and inefficiency of both its chemical and biological syntheses. Here, we improve Pyl biosynthesis via rational engineering and directed evolution of the entire biosynthetic pathway. To accommodate toxicity of Pyl biosynthetic genes in Escherichia coli, we also develop Alternating Phage Assisted Non-Continuous Evolution (Alt-PANCE) that alternates mutagenic and selective phage growths. The evolved pathway provides 32-fold improved yield of Pyl-containing reporter protein compared to the rationally engineered ancestor. Evolved PylB mutants are present at up to 4.5-fold elevated levels inside cells, and show up to 2.2-fold increased protease resistance. This study demonstrates that Alt-PANCE provides a general approach for evolving proteins exhibiting toxic side effects, and further provides an improved pathway capable of producing substantially greater quantities of Pyl-proteins in E. coli.

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