scholarly journals Cloning, in vitro mitochondrial import and membrane assembly of the 17.8 kDa subunit of complex I from Neurospora crassa

1993 ◽  
Vol 293 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Azevedo ◽  
J Abrolat-Scharff ◽  
C Eckerskorn ◽  
S Werner
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Membrane Topology ◽  
Intermembrane Space ◽  
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space ◽  
Processing Peptidase ◽  
Membrane Spanning

We have cloned and sequenced a cDNA encoding a 17.8 kDa subunit of the hydrophobic fragment of complex I from Neurospora crassa. The deduced primary structure of this subunit was partially confirmed by automated Edman degradation of the isolated polypeptide. The sequence data obtained indicate that the 17.8 kDa subunit is made as an extended precursor of 20.8 kDa. Resistance of the polypeptide to alkaline extraction from mitochondrial membranes and the existence of a putative membrane-spanning domain suggests that the 17.8 kDa subunit is an intrinsic (bitopic) membrane protein. The in vitro synthesized precursor of the 17.8 kDa subunit can be efficiently imported into isolated mitochondria, where it is cleaved to the mature species by the metal-dependent matrix-processing peptidase. The in vitro imported mature subunit is found mainly exposed to the mitochondrial intermembrane space. However, a significant fraction of the imported polypeptide acquires the same membrane topology as the endogenous subunit, indicating that correct assembly in the mitochondrial inner membrane did occur.

scholarly journals Phosphatidylserine transport by Ups2–Mdm35 in respiration-active mitochondria

2016 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Non Miyata ◽  
Yasunori Watanabe ◽  
Yasushi Tamura ◽  
Toshiya Endo ◽  
Osamu Kuge
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Intermembrane Space ◽  
Diauxic Shift ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Phospholipid Transfer ◽  
Metabolic Transition ◽  
Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is an essential phospholipid for mitochondrial functions and is synthesized mainly by phosphatidylserine (PS) decarboxylase at the mitochondrial inner membrane. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PS is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), such that mitochondrial PE synthesis requires PS transport from the ER to the mitochondrial inner membrane. Here, we provide evidence that Ups2–Mdm35, a protein complex localized at the mitochondrial intermembrane space, mediates PS transport for PE synthesis in respiration-active mitochondria. UPS2- and MDM35-null mutations greatly attenuated conversion of PS to PE in yeast cells growing logarithmically under nonfermentable conditions, but not fermentable conditions. A recombinant Ups2–Mdm35 fusion protein exhibited phospholipid-transfer activity between liposomes in vitro. Furthermore, UPS2 expression was elevated under nonfermentable conditions and at the diauxic shift, the metabolic transition from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that Ups2–Mdm35 functions as a PS transfer protein and enhances mitochondrial PE synthesis in response to the cellular metabolic state.

scholarly journals In organello assembly of respiratory-chain complex I: primary structure of the 14.8 kDa subunit of Neurospora crassa complex I

1994 ◽  
Vol 299 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Azevedo ◽  
C Eckerskorn ◽  
S Werner
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Primary Structure ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Chain Complex ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
In Organello ◽  
Membrane Spanning ◽  
First Time

A cDNA encoding the 14.8 kDa subunit of complex I from Neurospora crassa was cloned and sequenced. The deduced primary structure of this subunit reveals a predominantly hydrophilic protein containing no obvious membrane-spanning domain. In agreement with this characteristic, we have localized the 14.8 kDa subunit in the peripheral arm of the enzyme. The 14.8 kDa subunit was found to be conserved in mammalian complex I. The conservation of this subunit in such distantly related organisms suggests that the 14.8 kDa subunit is an important component of complex I. We have used an in organello system to study the biosynthetic pathway of this subunit. The 14.8 kDa polypeptide could be efficiently imported into isolated mitochondria. Furthermore, a fraction of the in-vitro-imported subunit was found to assemble in complex I. This is the first time that assembly in complex I of an in-vitro-synthesized subunit is demonstrated.

scholarly journals A Thioredoxin reductive mechanism balances the oxidative protein import pathway in the intermembrane space of mitochondria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Cardenas-Rodriguez ◽  
Phanee Manganas ◽  
Emmanouela Kallergi ◽  
Ruairidh Edwards ◽  
Afroditi Chatzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Redox State ◽  
Protein Import ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Intermembrane Space ◽  
Thioredoxin System ◽  
In Vitro Reconstitution ◽  
Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space ◽  
Mitochondria Biogenesis

Mitochondria biogenesis crucially depends on the oxidative folding system in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. The oxidative capacity needs however to be balanced by a reductive pathway for optimal mitochondrial fitness. Here we report that the cytosolic thioredoxin machinery fulfils this critical reductive function by dual localisation in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) via an unconventional import pathway. We show that the presence of the Thioredoxin system in the IMS mediates a hitherto unknown communication between mitochondria biogenesis and the metabolic state of the cell via the cytosolic pool of NADPH. By a combination of complete in vitro reconstitution with purified components, import assays and protein interaction analysis we find that the IMS-localised thioredoxin machinery critically controls the redox state of Mia40, the key player in the MIA pathway in mitochondria thereby ensuring optimal mitochondria biogenesis. Intriguingly, we find that the IMS thioredoxin system fulfils a previously unknown role in the retrograde release of structurally destabilised proteins into the cytosol and protection against oxidative damage, both of which serve as critical mechanisms of mitochondrial surveillance and quality control.

scholarly journals Divergent Small Tim Homologues Are Associated with TbTim17 and Critical for the Biogenesis of TbTim17 Protein Complexes in Trypanosoma brucei

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Smith ◽  
Ujjal K. Singha ◽  
Smita Misra ◽  
Minu Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Intermembrane Space ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Tim Proteins

ABSTRACT The small Tim proteins belong to a group of mitochondrial intermembrane space chaperones that aid in the import of mitochondrial inner membrane proteins with internal targeting signals. Trypanosoma brucei , the protozoan parasite that causes African trypanosomiasis, possesses multiple small Tim proteins that include homologues of T. brucei Tim9 (TbTim9) and Tim10 (TbTim10) and a unique small Tim that shares homology with both Tim8 and Tim13 (TbTim8/13). Here, we found that these three small TbTims are expressed as soluble mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins. Coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis showed that the small TbTims stably associated with each other and with TbTim17, the major component of the mitochondrial inner membrane translocase in T. brucei . Yeast two-hybrid analysis indicated direct interactions among the small TbTims; however, their interaction patterns appeared to be different from those of their counterparts in yeast and humans. Knockdown of the small TbTims reduced cell growth and decreased the steady-state level of TbTim17 and T. brucei ADP/ATP carrier (TbAAC), two polytopic mitochondrial inner membrane proteins. Knockdown of small TbTims also reduced the matured complexes of TbTim17 in mitochondria. Depletion of any of the small TbTims reduced TbTim17 import moderately but greatly hampered the stability of the TbTim17 complexes in T. brucei . Altogether, our results revealed that TbTim9, TbTim10, and TbTim8/13 interact with each other, associate with TbTim17, and play a crucial role in the integrity and maintenance of the levels of TbTim17 complexes. IMPORTANCE Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of African sleeping sickness. The parasite’s mitochondrion represents a useful source for potential chemotherapeutic targets. Similarly to yeast and humans, mitochondrial functions depend on the import of proteins that are encoded in the nucleus and made in the cytosol. Even though the machinery involved in this mitochondrial protein import process is becoming clearer in T. brucei , a comprehensive picture of protein complex composition and function is still lacking. In this study, we characterized three T. brucei small Tim proteins, TbTim9, TbTim10, and TbTim8/13. Although the parasite does not have the classical TIM22 complex that imports mitochondrial inner membrane proteins containing internal targeting signals in yeast or humans, we found that these small TbTims associate with TbTim17, the major subunit of the TbTIM complex in T. brucei , and play an essential role in the stability of the TbTim17 complexes. Therefore, these divergent proteins are critical for mitochondrial protein biogenesis in T. brucei .

scholarly journals The mitochondrial carrier pathway transports non-canonical substrates with an odd number of transmembrane segments

BMC Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Rampelt ◽  
Iva Sucec ◽  
Beate Bersch ◽  
Patrick Horten ◽  
Inge Perschil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermembrane Space ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Carrier ◽  
Transmembrane Segments ◽  
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mitochondrial Carrier Family ◽  
Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space

Abstract Background The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) plays a central role in energy metabolism by transporting pyruvate across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Its heterodimeric composition and homology to SWEET and semiSWEET transporters set the MPC apart from the canonical mitochondrial carrier family (named MCF or SLC25). The import of the canonical carriers is mediated by the carrier translocase of the inner membrane (TIM22) pathway and is dependent on their structure, which features an even number of transmembrane segments and both termini in the intermembrane space. The import pathway of MPC proteins has not been elucidated. The odd number of transmembrane segments and positioning of the N-terminus in the matrix argues against an import via the TIM22 carrier pathway but favors an import via the flexible presequence pathway. Results Here, we systematically analyzed the import pathways of Mpc2 and Mpc3 and report that, contrary to an expected import via the flexible presequence pathway, yeast MPC proteins with an odd number of transmembrane segments and matrix-exposed N-terminus are imported by the carrier pathway, using the receptor Tom70, small TIM chaperones, and the TIM22 complex. The TIM9·10 complex chaperones MPC proteins through the mitochondrial intermembrane space using conserved hydrophobic motifs that are also required for the interaction with canonical carrier proteins. Conclusions The carrier pathway can import paired and non-paired transmembrane helices and translocate N-termini to either side of the mitochondrial inner membrane, revealing an unexpected versatility of the mitochondrial import pathway for non-cleavable inner membrane proteins.

scholarly journals A New Function in Translocation for the Mitochondrial i-AAA Protease Yme1: Import of Polynucleotide Phosphorylase into the Intermembrane Space

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 8488-8497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Rainey ◽  
Jenny D. Glavin ◽  
Hsiao-Wen Chen ◽  
Samuel W. French ◽  
Michael A. Teitell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Rna Degradation ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Intermembrane Space ◽  
Polynucleotide Phosphorylase ◽  
Cellular Effects ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space ◽  
Processing Peptidase

ABSTRACT Polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) is an exoribonuclease and poly(A) polymerase postulated to function in the cytosol and mitochondrial matrix. Prior overexpression studies resulted in PNPase localization to both the cytosol and mitochondria, concurrent with cytosolic RNA degradation and pleiotropic cellular effects, including growth inhibition and apoptosis, that may not reflect a physiologic role for endogenous PNPase. We therefore conducted a mechanistic study of PNPase biogenesis in the mitochondrion. Interestingly, PNPase is localized to the intermembrane space by a novel import pathway. PNPase has a typical N-terminal targeting sequence that is cleaved by the matrix processing peptidase when PNPase engaged the TIM23 translocon at the inner membrane. The i-AAA protease Yme1 mediated translocation of PNPase into the intermembrane space but did not degrade PNPase. In a yeast strain deleted for Yme1 and expressing PNPase, nonimported PNPase accumulated in the cytosol, confirming an in vivo role for Yme1 in PNPase maturation. PNPase localization to the mitochondrial intermembrane space suggests a unique role distinct from its highly conserved function in RNA processing in chloroplasts and bacteria. Furthermore, Yme1 has a new function in protein translocation, indicating that the intermembrane space harbors diverse pathways for protein translocation.

scholarly journals Μηχανισμός λειτουργίας και μοριακών αλληλεπιδράσεων της σουλφυδριλοξειδάσης Erv1 στο μιτοχόνδριο του σακχαρομύκητα

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Εμμανουέλα Καλλέργη
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Intermembrane Space ◽  
In Organello ◽  
Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space

Τα μιτοχόνδρια αποτελούν σημαντικά οργανίδια των ευκαρυωτικών κυττάρων καθώς παίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο σε πολλές κυτταρικές διαδικασίες όπως στην αναπνοή, στην παραγωγή ΑΤΡ και στην απόπτωση. Η βιογένεση των μιτοχονδρίων εξαρτάται από την εισαγωγή πρωτεϊνών στο μιτοχόνδριο που πραγματοποιείται μέσω διαφορετικών μονοπατιών εισόδου. Πρόσφατα, το μονοπάτι MIA (Mitochondrial Intermembrane space import and Assembly) έχει περιγραφεί ως ένα σύστημα οξείδωσης δισουλφιδίων στον οργανισμό Saccharomyces cerevisiae που δίνει δισουλφιδικούς δεσμούς σε μια ποικιλία διαφορετικών πρωτεϊνών στο διαμεμβρανικό χώρο των μιτοχονδρίων (IMS). Η λειτουργία αυτού του μονοπατιού εξαρτάται από δύο πρωτεΐνες: την σουλφυδριλοξειδάση Erv1/ALR και την οξειδορεδουκτάση Mia40, που μαζί οδηγούν την είσοδο πρόδρομων πρωτεϊνικών μορίων τα οποία φέρουν συντηρημένες κυστεΐνες, στο IMS μέσω της οξειδωτικής τους αναδίπλωσης.Σε αυτή τη διδακτορική διατριβή, μελετάμε την διττή αλληλεπίδραση μεταξύ των Mia40-Erv1 με βιοχημικές, in organello, in vitro και in vivo προσεγγίσεις, η οποία συμβαίνει σε δύο στάδια: (α) η Erv1, αναγνωρίζεται και οξειδώνεται απο τη Mia40, ως υπόστρωμα του MIA μονοπατιού (Στάδιο Α) και (β) η αναδιπλωμένη και λειτουργική Erv1 οξειδώνει το ενεργό κέντρο της Mia40 (Στάδιο Β). Μελετώντας την είσοδο και την ωρίμανση της Erv1 (Στάδιο Α) χαρακτηρίσαμε την ελάχιστη περιοχή στο καρβοξυτελικό της άκρο που απαιτείται για την αναγνώριση και την οξείδωσή της από τη Mia40 πριν από την μεταγενέστερη πρόσδεση ενός μορίου FAD ανά μονομερές. Απο την άλλη πλευρά, μελετώντας το ρόλο της Erv1 στην επανοξείδωση της Mia40 (Στάδιο Β) βρήκαμε ότι συγκεκριμένα υδρόφοβα αμινοξικά κατάλοιπα καθοδικά του CRSC μοτίβου κυστεϊνών στο αμινοτελικό άκρο της Erv1, απαιτούνται για την ανακύκλωση της Mia40, αλλά όχι για την εισαγωγή της στο μιτοχόνδριο. Επιπλέον, τα αποτελέσματα μας έδειξαν ότι το σε μεγάλο βαθμό αδόμητο κομμάτι των πρώτων 72 αμινοξέων της Erv1 (N72) εμφανίζεται στο κυτοσόλιο να παίζει ρόλο στη στόχευση της πρωτεΐνης στα μιτοχόνδρια, πέρα απο το ρόλο του στην επανοξείδωση της Mia40. Αυτός ο εξαρτώμενος απο το υποκυτταρικό διαμέρισμα οξειδοαναγωγικός έλεγχος του αμινοτελικού κομματιού της Erv1 γεννά πρόσθετα ερωτήματα σχετικά με την αλληλεπίδρασή του με την εξωτερική μεμβράνη των μιτοχονδρίων καθώς και με σαπερόνες του κυτοσολίου. Τα παραπάνω αποτελέσματα μας δίνουν περισσότερη πληροφορία στο πεδίο της εισόδου πρωτεϊνών στο μιτοχόνδριο προκειμένου να μελετήσουμε σε μεγαλύτερη λεπτομέρεια την αλληλεπίδραση Mia40-Erv1, η οποία είναι ζωτικής σημασίας για τη βιογένεση της Erv1, τη λειτουργία του ΜΙΑ μονοπατιού και επομένως για τη βιογένεση των μιτοχονδρίων και τη βιωσιμότητα των κυττάρων.

Oxidative folding competes with mitochondrial import of the small Tim proteins

2008 ◽  
Vol 411 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Morgan ◽  
Hui Lu
Keyword(s):  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Intermembrane Space ◽  
Mitochondrial Import ◽  
Oxidative Folding ◽  
Mutant Proteins ◽  
Standard Redox Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space ◽  
Tim Proteins

All small Tim proteins of the mitochondrial intermembrane space contain two conserved CX3C motifs, which form two intramolecular disulfide bonds essential for function, but only the cysteine-reduced, but not oxidized, proteins can be imported into mitochondria. We have shown that Tim10 can be oxidized by glutathione under cytosolic concentrations. However, it was unknown whether oxidative folding of other small Tims can occur under similar conditions and whether oxidative folding competes kinetically with mitochondrial import. In the present study, the effect of glutathione on the cysteine-redox state of Tim9 was investigated, and the standard redox potential of Tim9 was determined to be approx. −0.31 V at pH 7.4 and 25 °C with both the wild-type and Tim9F43W mutant proteins, using reverse-phase HPLC and fluorescence approaches. The results show that reduced Tim9 can be oxidized by glutathione under cytosolic concentrations. Next, we studied the rate of mitochondrial import and oxidative folding of Tim9 under identical conditions. The rate of import was approx. 3-fold slower than that of oxidative folding of Tim9, resulting in approx. 20% of the precursor protein being imported into an excess amount of mitochondria. A similar correlation between import and oxidative folding was obtained for Tim10. Therefore we conclude that oxidative folding and mitochondrial import are kinetically competitive processes. The efficiency of mitochondrial import of the small Tim proteins is controlled, at least partially in vitro, by the rate of oxidative folding, suggesting that a cofactor is required to stabilize the cysteine residues of the precursors from oxidation in vivo.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document