scholarly journals Comparative behaviour of calpain and cathepsin B toward peptidyl acyloxymethyl ketones, sulphonium methyl ketones and other potential inhibitors of cysteine proteinases

1992 ◽  
Vol 288 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
D H Pliura ◽  
B J Bonaventura ◽  
R A Smith ◽  
P J Coles ◽  
A Krantz
Keyword(s):  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Methyl Ketones ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Affinity Groups ◽  
Potential Inhibitors ◽  
Time Dependent Inhibition

Peptidyl acyloxymethyl ketones, previously established as potent inactivators of the lysosomal cysteine proteinase cathepsin B, were evaluated against smooth-muscle calpain, a member of the family of Ca(2+)-dependent cysteine proteinases. Only modest rates of time-dependent inhibition could be achieved, even with peptidyl affinity groups optimized for calpain and linked to a carboxylate leaving group of very low pKa [2,6-(CF3)2PhCOO-, pKa 0.58]. Selective inactivation of cathespin B versus calpain was consistently observed with this type of inhibitor. Examination of other potential inhibitors revealed a rank order of potency against calpain to be: peptidyl sulphonium methyl ketones > fluoromethyl ketones, diazomethyl ketones >> acyloxymethyl ketones, an order which differs sharply from that found for cathespin B.

scholarly journals The synthesis and properties of peptidylmethylsulphonium salts with two cationic residues as potential inhibitors of prohormone processing

1988 ◽  
Vol 256 (3) ◽  
pp. 989-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Zumbrunn ◽  
S Stone ◽  
E Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serine Proteinases ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Prohormone Processing ◽  
Affinity Labelling ◽  
Potential Inhibitors ◽  
Cationic Residues

Peptidylmethylsulphonium salts incorporating consecutive basic residues at the C-terminus of the peptidyl portion such as -Arg-Arg-, -Arg-Lys-, -Lys-Lys- and -Lys-Arg- were synthesized and examined as proteinase inhibitors. Serine proteinases with a specificity directed towards hydrolysis at cationic residues were found to be unaffected by these derivatives. On the other hand, cysteine proteinases, cathepsin B and, in particular, clostripain were readily inactivated by affinity labelling. The reagents thus are of promise for the study of prohormone processing promoted by cysteine proteinases.

scholarly journals Biotin-labelled peptidyl diazomethane inhibitors derived from the substrate-like sequence of cystatin: targeting of the active site of cruzipain, the major cysteine proteinase of Trypanosoma cruzi

1996 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles LALMANACH ◽  
Roger MAYER ◽  
Carole SERVEAU ◽  
Julio SCHARFSTEIN ◽  
Francis GAUTHIER
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Irreversible Inhibitors ◽  
Human Cystatin C ◽  
Spacer Arm ◽  
Biotin Labelling

Biotin-labelled peptidyl diazomethane inhibitors of cysteine proteinases, based on the N-terminal substrate-like segment of human cystatin C, a natural inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, were synthesized. These synthetic derivatives were tested as irreversible inhibitors of cruzipain, the major cysteine proteinase of Trypanosoma cruzi, to compare the kinetics of the inhibition of the parasite proteinase with that of the mammalian cathepsins B and L. The accessibility of the active sites of these proteinases to these probes was also investigated. The inhibition of cruzipain by Biot-LVG-CHN2 (where Biot represents biotinyl and L,V and G are single-letter amino acid residue abbreviations) and Biot-Ahx-LVG-CHN2 (where Ahx represents 6-aminohexanoic acid) was similar to that of unlabelled inhibitor. Biotin labelling of the inhibitor slowed the inhibition of both cathepsin B and cathepsin L. Adding a spacer arm (Ahx) between the biotin and the peptide moiety of the derivative increased the inhibition of cathepsin B but not that of cathepsin L. The discrimination provided by this spacer is probably due to differences in the topologies of the binding sites of proteinases, a feature that can be exploited to improve targeting of individual cysteine proteinases. Analysis of the blotted proteinases revealed marked differences in the accessibility of extravidin–peroxidase conjugate to the proteinase-bound biotinylated inhibitor. Cruzipain molecules exposed to Biot-LVG-CHN2 or Biot-Ahx-LVG-CHN2 were readily identified, but the reaction was much stronger when the enzyme was treated with the spacer-containing inhibitor. In contrast with the parasite enzyme, rat cathepsin B and cathepsin L treated with either Biot-LVG-CHN2 or Biot-Ahx-LVG-CHN2 produced no detectable bands. Papain, the archetype of this family of proteinases, was poorly labelled with Biot-LVG-CHN2, but strong staining was obtained with Biot-Ahx-LVG-CHN2. These findings suggest that optimized biotinylated diazomethanes might considerably improve their selectivity for the T. cruzi target enzyme.

scholarly journals Peptide glyoxals: a novel class of inhibitor for serine and cysteine proteinases

1993 ◽  
Vol 293 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Walker ◽  
N McCarthy ◽  
A Healy ◽  
T Ye ◽  
M A McKervey
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Reversible Inhibitors ◽  
Pancreatic Elastase ◽  
Porcine Pancreatic Elastase

A series of novel synthetic dipeptides, containing a C-terminal glyoxal grouping (-COCHO), have been tested as inhibitors against typical members of the serine- and cysteine-proteinase families. For example, the sequences benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz)-Pro-Phe-CHO (I) and Cbz-Phe-Ala-CHO (II), which fulfil the known primary and secondary specificity requirements of chymotrypsin and cathepsin B respectively, have been found to be potent reversible inhibitors of their respective target proteinase. Thus I was found to inhibit chymotrypsin with a Ki of approximately 0.8 microM, whereas II exhibits a Ki of approximately 80 nm against cathepsin B. These Ki values are some 10-fold and 3-fold lower than those reported for the corresponding peptide-aldehyde inhibitors of chymotrypsin and cathepsin B upon which the peptidyl-glyoxals were fashioned. Unexpectedly, the sequence Cbz-Pro-Ala-CHO, which was designed to inhibit elastase-like proteinases, exhibited no inhibitory activity towards porcine pancreatic elastase, even when used at concentrations as high as 200 microM.

scholarly journals A general framework of cysteine-proteinase mechanism deduced from studies on enzymes with structurally different analogous catalytic-site residues Asp-158 and −161 (papain and actinidin), Gly-196 (cathepsin B) and Asn-165 (cathepsin H). Kinetic studies up to pH 8 of the hydrolysis of N-α-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-arginyl-l-arginine 2-naphthylamide catalysed by cathepsin B and of l-arginine 2-naphthylamide catalysed by cathepsin H.

1985 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Willenbrock ◽  
K Brocklehurst
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Catalytic Site ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Cathepsin H ◽  
Ph Range

The pH-dependences of kcat, Km and kcat./Km for the hydrolysis at 25 degrees C at I 0.1 of L-arginine 2-naphthylamide catalysed by cathepsin H from bovine spleen were determined in the pH range approx. 4-8. The pH-dependences of these kinetic parameters were determined also for the hydrolysis at 25 degrees C at I 0.1 of N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-arginyl-L-arginine 2-naphthylamide catalysed by cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) from bovine spleen in the pH range 7-8, which extends the studies in acidic media reported by Willenbrock & Brocklehurst [(1984) Biochem. J. 222, 805-814]. These results are discussed and related to those from the reactivity-probe kinetics reported in the preceding paper [Willenbrock & Brocklehurst (1985) Biochem. J. 227, 511-519] and to known structural features present in rat liver cathepsins B and H and in papain (EC 3.4.22.2) and actinidin (EC 3.4.22.14). Consideration of the kinetic data leads to the suggestion that in the cysteine proteinases rearrangement of intimate S-/ImH+ ion-pairs in catalytic sites is brought about by a combination of field effects in the immediate vicinity of the ion-pair and consequences of protonic dissociation of a group with pKa 5-6 remote from the catalytic site. The contributions of the two types of effect seem to differ from enzyme to enzyme. Of the four cysteine proteinases considered, only cathepsin B exerts an absolute requirement for the proton-deficient form of a group with pKa 5-6 for catalytic activity. Protonic dissociation with pKa 5-6 enhances catalytic activity in cathepsin H and in actinidin and appears to have little or no effect in papain. Only cathepsin B lacks a polar or negatively charged side chain in the residue analogous to Asp-158 in papain, and this is suggested to account for its total dependence on a protonic dissociation remote from the catalytic site.

Proteinases participating in the processing and activation of prolegumain in primary cultured rat macrophages

2004 ◽  
Vol 385 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lecaille ◽  
D. Muno ◽  
E. Kominami ◽  
K. Ishidoh
Keyword(s):  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Vacuolar Atpase ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Bafilomycin A1 ◽  
Atpase Inhibitor ◽  
Peptide Bonds ◽  
Mature Form

Abstract The mammalian legumain is a recently identified lysosomal cysteine proteinase belonging to the clan CD and homologous to plant legumain. This enzyme has the characteristic of specifically hydrolyzing peptide bonds after asparagine residues. As in the case of papain-type cysteine proteinases, legumain is synthesized as an inactive zymogen, and processed into a mature form localized in lysosomes. However, the mechanism of its activation remains unclear. In this study, we analyze which types of proteinases may participate in the processing of legumain in rat primary cultured macrophages using various proteinase inhibitors after 24 h treatment with Bafilomycin A1, a vacuolar ATPase inhibitor. The processing of legumain in macrophages was accomplished by papain-type cysteine proteinases other than cathepsin B.

Effect of Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors on Murine B16 Melanoma Cell Invasion in vitro

2002 ◽  
Vol 383 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Sever ◽  
Metka Filipic ◽  
Joze Brzin ◽  
Tamara T. Lah
Keyword(s):  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitor ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors

Abstract Various types of proteinases are implicated in the malignant progression of human and animal tumors. Proteinase inhibitors may therefore be useful as therapeutic agents in antiinvasive and antimetastatic treatment. The aims of this study were (1) to estimate the relative importance of proteinases in B16 cell invasion in vitro using synthetic, classspecific proteinase inhibitors and (2) to assess the inhibitory effect of some naturally occurring cysteine proteinase inhibitors. Serine proteinase inhibitor reduced invasiveness by up to 24%, whereas inhibition of aspartic proteinases reduced invasion by 11%. Synthetic inhibitors of cysteine proteinases markedly impaired invasion: cathepsin B inhibitors, particularly Ca 074Me, inhibited invasion from 20 40%, whereas cathepsin L inhibitor Clik 148 reduced invasion by 11%. The potato cysteine proteinase inhibitor PCPI 8.7 inhibited invasion by 21%, whereas another potato inhibitor, PCPI 6.6, and the mushroom cysteine proteinase inhibitor clitocypin had no effects. As the inhibitors that inhibited cathepsin B were in general more efficient at impairing the invasiveness, we conclude that of the two cysteine proteinases, cathepsin B plays a more important role than cathepsin L in murine melanoma cell invasion.

scholarly journals The synthesis of peptidylfluoromethanes and their properties as inhibitors of serine proteinases and cysteine proteinases

1986 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rauber ◽  
H Angliker ◽  
B Walker ◽  
E Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Serine Proteinase ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Serine Proteinases ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Active Centre ◽  
Covalent Bond Formation ◽  
The Difference

A synthesis of peptidylfluoromethanes is described that utilizes the conversion of phthaloyl amino acids into their fluoromethane derivatives. These can be deblocked and elongated. The inactivation of chymotrypsin by Cbz-Phe-CH2F (benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanylfluoromethane) was found to be considerably slower than that of the analogous chloromethane. The fluoromethane analogue inactivates chymotrypsin with an overall rate constant that is 2% of that observed for the inactivation of the enzyme with the chloromethane. However, the result is the same. The reagent complexes in a substrate-like manner, with Ki = 1.4 × 10(-4) M, and alkylates the active-centre histidine residue. Cbz-Phe-Phe-CH2F and Cbz-Phe-Ala-CH2F were investigated as inactivators of the cysteine proteinase cathepsin B. The difference in reactivity between fluoromethyl ketones and chloromethyl ketones is less pronounced in the case of the cysteine proteinase than for the serine proteinase. Covalent bond formation takes place in this case also, as demonstrated by the use of a radiolabelled reagent.

scholarly journals L-trans-Epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido(4-guanidino)butane (E-64) and its analogues as inhibitors of cysteine proteinases including cathepsins B, H and L

1982 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Barrett ◽  
A A Kembhavi ◽  
M A Brown ◽  
H Kirschke ◽  
C G Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Serine Proteinases ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Leucocyte Elastase ◽  
Structural Analogues ◽  
Stoichiometric Reaction

1. L-trans-Epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido(4-guanidino)butane (E-64) at a concentration of 0.5 mM had no effect on the serine proteinases plasma kallikrein and leucocyte elastase or the metalloproteinases thermolysin and clostridial collagenase. In contrast, 10 muM-E-64 rapidly inactivated the cysteine proteinases cathepsins B, H and L and papain (t0.5 = 0.1-17.3s). The streptococcal cysteine proteinase reacted much more slowly, and there was no irreversible inactivation of clostripain. The cysteine-dependent exopeptidase dipeptidyl peptidase I was very slowly inactivated by E-64. 2. the active-site-directed nature of the interaction of cathepsin B and papain with E-64 was established by protection of the enzyme in the presence of the reversible competitive inhibitor leupeptin and by the stereospecificity for inhibition by the L as opposed to the D compound. 3. It was shown that the rapid stoichiometric reaction of the cysteine proteinases related to papain can be used to determine the operational molarity of solutions of the enzymes and thus to calibrate rate assays. 4. The apparent second-order rate constants for the inactivation of human cathepsins B and H and rat cathepsin L by a series of structural analogues of E-64 are reported, and compared with those for some other active-site-directed inhibitors of cysteine proteinases. 5. L-trans-Epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido(3-methyl)butane (Ep-475) was found to inhibit cathepsins B and L more rapidly than E-64. 6. Fumaryl-leucylamido(3-methyl)butane (Dc-11) was 100-fold less reactive than the corresponding epoxide, but was nevertheless about as effective as iodoacetate.

scholarly journals 4-Phenethyl-1-Propargylpiperidine-Derived Dual Inhibitors of Butyrylcholinesterase and Monoamine Oxidase B

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4118
Author(s):  
Tjaša Mazej ◽  
Damijan Knez ◽  
Anže Meden ◽  
Stanislav Gobec ◽  
Matej Sova
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase B ◽  
Mao B ◽  
Initial Expectation ◽  
Excellent Starting Point ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dual Inhibitors ◽  
Time Dependent Inhibition

The multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy is encouraged for the development of novel modulators targeting multiple pathways in the neurodegenerative cascade typical for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Based on the structure of an in-house irreversible monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor, we aimed to introduce a carbamate moiety on the aromatic ring to impart cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition, and to furnish multifunctional ligands targeting two enzymes that are intricately involved in AD pathobiology. In this study, we synthesized three dual hMAO-B/hBChE inhibitors 13–15, with compound 15 exhibiting balanced, low micromolar inhibition of hMAO-B (IC50 of 4.3 µM) and hBChE (IC50 of 8.5 µM). The docking studies and time-dependent inhibition of hBChE confirmed the initial expectation that the introduced carbamate moiety is responsible for covalent inhibition. Therefore, dual-acting compound 15 represents an excellent starting point for further optimization of balanced MTDLs.

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