scholarly journals Increased intestinal protein synthesis during sepsis and following the administration of tumour necrosis factor α or interleukin-1 α

1992 ◽  
Vol 286 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
D von Allmen ◽  
P O Hasselgren ◽  
T Higashiguchi ◽  
J Frederick ◽  
O Zamir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Tumour Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumour Necrosis ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis Rate ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Protein ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The influence of sepsis on intestinal protein synthesis was studied in rats. Sepsis was induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP); control rats were sham-operated. Protein synthesis was measured in vivo in the jejunum and ileum following a flooding dose of [14C]leucine. At 8 h after CLP the protein synthesis rate was increased by approx. 15% in jejunal mucosa, and at 16 h after CLP, the protein synthesis rate was increased by 50-60% in the mucosa and seromuscular layer of both jejunum and ileum. In a second series of experiments, rats were treated with recombinant tumour necrosis factor alpha (rTNF alpha) or recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (rIL-1 alpha) administered at a total dose of 300 micrograms/kg body weight over 16 h. Control rats received corresponding volumes of solvent. Treatment with rTNF alpha resulted in an approx. 25% increase in mucosal protein synthesis in jejunum. Following treatment with rIL-1 alpha, protein synthesis increased by 25% in jejunal mucosa and almost doubled in ileal mucosa. The results suggest that sepsis stimulates intestinal protein synthesis and that this response may, at least in part, be mediated by TNF and/or IL-1.

Influence of butter and of corn, coconut and fish oils on the effects of recombinant human tumour necrosis factor-α in rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda M. Mulrooney ◽  
Robert F. Grimble
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Tumour Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumour Necrosis ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Tumour Necrosis Factor Α ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Lung And Kidney ◽  
Necrosis Factor

1. Tumour necrosis factor-α is produced in response to inflammatory stimuli. Fish oil can suppress the production and actions of cytokines. Little information is available on the effects of other fats on cytokine biology. We compared the effects of fats, with a wide range of fatty acid characteristics, on the effects of tumour necrosis factor-α on protein and zinc metabolism in rats. 2. Weanling rats were fed for 8 weeks on diets containing 10% fat in the form of corn, fish or coconut oils or butter before an intraperitoneal injection of recombinant human tumour necrosis factor-α was given. Measurements were made 24 h after the injection. 3. In rats fed corn oil, food intake was reduced by 62% and rates of protein synthesis were increased by 86, 32 and 39% in the liver, lung and kidney, respectively. Zinc concentrations increased by 23% in the liver but decreased by 10% in the kidney. Plasma caeruloplasmin and complement C3 levels increased by 25% and 28%, respectively, and plasma albumin level decreased by 24%. 4. Fish oil prevented the increase in hepatic protein synthesis and changed the response of protein synthesis in lung and kidney to a decrease. Changes in hepatic and renal zinc concentrations were prevented. The response of the plasma caeruloplasmin level was unaltered but those of the plasma complement C3 and albumin concentrations were prevented. 5. Coconut oil and butter, although similarly low in linoleic acid, differed in their modulatory effects. With the exception of the rise in the plasma complement C3 concentration, all responses were prevented or greatly inhibited in rats fed butter. In rats fed coconut oil the increase in liver protein synthesis was reduced but that in the lung and kidney was unaffected. Changes in hepatic zinc concentration were unaffected but those in renal zinc concentration were prevented. 6. Fish and coconut oils and butter reduced the intensity of anorexia caused by tumour necrosis factor-α. The extent to which fats rich in (n-3) polyunsaturates or poor in linoleic acid modulate the metabolic response to tumour necrosis factor-α depends upon additional fatty acid characteristics.

scholarly journals Interleukin-1, Tumour Necrosis Factor and Treatment of the Septic Shock Syndrome

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (suppl b) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Charles A Dinarello
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Tumour Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumour Necrosis ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Treating the septic shock syndrome with antibodies that block only endotoxin has its limitations. Other targets for treating septic shock include neutralizing antibodies to the complement fragment C5a, platelet activating factor antagonists and blockade of endothelial cell leukocyte adhesion molecules. Specific blockade of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) or tumour necrosis factor (TNF) reduces the morbidity and mortality associated with septic shock. Moreover, blocking IL-1 and TNF likely has uses in treating diseases other than septic shock. Use of neutralizing antibodies to TNF or IL-1 receptors has reduced the consequences of infection and inflammation, including lethal outcomes in animal models. The IL-1 receptor antagonist, a naturally occurring cytokine, blocks shock and death due to Escherichia coli as well as ameliorates a variety of inflammatory diseases. Soluble TNF and IL-1 surface receptors, which bind their respective cytokines. also ameliorate disease processes. Clinical trials are presently evaluating the safety and efficacy of anticytokine therapies either alone or in combination.

scholarly journals Glutamine supplementation does not improve protein synthesis rate by the jejunal mucosa of the malnourished rat

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 596-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ferreira S. Tannus ◽  
Dominique Darmaun ◽  
Durval F. Ribas ◽  
José Eduardo D. Oliveira ◽  
Julio Sergio Marchini
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis Rate ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa
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