scholarly journals Ricinoleic acid biosynthesis and triacylglycerol assembly in microsomal preparations from developing castor-bean (Ricinus communis) endosperm

1991 ◽  
Vol 280 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bafor ◽  
M A Smith ◽  
L Jonsson ◽  
K Stobart ◽  
S Stymne
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Acyl Donor ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
A Minor

Microsomal membrane preparations from the developing endosperm of castor bean (Ricinus communis) catalysed the transfer of oleate from [14C]oleoyl-CoA to phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho). In the presence of NADH, radioactive ricinoleate (12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate) was synthesized from [14C]oleate, and this was largely recovered in PtdCho and as free fatty acid. The addition of unlabelled ricinoleoyl-CoA to these incubation mixtures did not increase the low [14C]ricinoleate concentration found in the acyl-CoA fraction nor decrease the [14C]ricinoleate concentration in PtdCho and free fatty acid, and thus no evidence was obtained for a hydroxylation with oleoyl-CoA as a substrate. The addition of NADH, necessary for the formation of ricinoleate, caused a decrease of the total radioactivity in PtdCho with a corresponding increase in the amount of label in free ricinoleic acid. This increase was due to the action of a phospholipase A, which released ricinoleic acid but not oleic acid from PtdCho. Such a phospholipase activity, attacking ricinoleoyl-PtdCho but not oleoyl-PtdCho, was also demonstrated in microsomal preparations from developing cotyledons of safflower and oil-seed rape. An analysis of the acyl groups at different positions in microsomal PtdCho of castor bean showed that ricinoleate was almost entirely associated with position sn-2. Likewise the [14C]ricinoleate in [14C]PtdCho formed after incubations with microsomal preparations with NADH and [14C]oleoyl-CoA resided in position sn-2 with none in position sn-1. In contrast, the [14C]linoleate formed by desaturation of [14C]oleoyl-PtdCho was present at both positions. In the presence of ATP, CoA and Mg2+, the ricinoleate acid released from PtdCho was activated to ricinoleoyl-CoA. The ricinoleoyl-CoA was an efficient acyl donor in the acylation of glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P) to yield phosphatidic acid and triacylglycerols. In microsomal preparations incubated with an equimolar mixture of [14C]oleoyl-CoA and [14C]ricinoleoyl-CoA in the presence of Gro3P, only a minor amount of [14C]ricinoleate entered PtdCho, and this was believed to be via the exchange of phosphocholine groups between a diacylglycerol pool and the PtdCho. On the basis of our results, a scheme of ricinoleate formation and its incorporation into triacylglycerols in castor-bean endosperm is proposed.

scholarly journals A Differentially Expressed Gene from a High Oil Producer Cultivar of Castor Bean (<i>Ricinus communis</i>) Is Involved in the Biosynthesis of Ricinoleic Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-412
Author(s):  
Héctor A. Rodríguez-Cabal ◽  
Claudia Y. Jaramillo-Mazo ◽  
Nicolás D. Franco-Sierra ◽  
Diego F. Villanueva-Mejía ◽  
Javier C. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Differentially Expressed

Expression Profiles of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Synthesis in Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.)

Lipids ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Q. Chen ◽  
Charlotta Turner ◽  
Xiaohua He ◽  
Tasha Nguyen ◽  
Thomas A. McKeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Triacylglycerol Synthesis ◽  
Ricinus Communis L

THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN THE DEVELOPING CASTOR BEAN

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Canvin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Diethyl Malonate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Acetate-1-C14 and acetate-2-C14 were supplied to slices of developing castor bean endosperm. The molecules were extensively incorporated into long-chain fatty acids, water-soluble compounds, and protein. Oleic acid was the fatty acid initially labelled from acetate and it was the precursor of ricinoleic acid. Aerobic conditions were required for the formation of oleic acid and for the conversion of oleic acid to ricinoleic acid. Under anaerobic conditions the incorporation of acetate carbon into fatty acids was inhibited more than 90% and almost all of the C14 was found in stearic and palmitic acids. Stearic acid appeared to be formed first and palmitic acid appeared to be derived from it through a shortening of the chain. The position of linoleic acid in the fatty acid interconversions was not clear except that it was not a free intermediate in the conversion of oleic acid to ricinoleic acid.Malonate-C14 was only absorbed slightly by the tissue and although absorption could be increased by the use of diethyl malonate the metabolism of the compound was not facilitated. Because of its poor utilization by the tissue the role of malonate in long-chain fatty acid synthesis in this tissue could not be ascertained.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Two Methodological Approaches for Determining Castor Bean Suitability in Chile

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1259
Author(s):  
Celián Román-Figueroa ◽  
Donna Cortez ◽  
Manuel Paneque
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Oil Seeds ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Climatic Information ◽  
Central South

Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) contains ricinoleic acid, making it one of the world’s most important oil-seeds. There are few studies on this species in Chile, despite its potential as an industrial crop. This study evaluated two methodologies (simplistic and presence-species) for determining the aptitude of land for growing castor beans, both of which use climatic information. The simplistic and presence-species methodologies identified 27.89 and 13.19 million ha, respectively. The most important difference between both methodologies was that the mean minimum annual temperature (TNA) was −8.0 °C in the simplistic method, meaning that some areas in the southernmost regions of Chile (Aysén and Magallanes) should be able to grow the plant. Therefore, TNA = 8.0 °C was selected, and the zonation by simplistic methodology was updated. Consequently, both zonations showed similar results, although the presence-species method included northern coastlines, precisely where castor bean has been recorded, while the simplistic method did not. Finally, both methodologies determined the best condition to be central-south Chile, between the Maule and Araucanía regions, even though castor bean presence has only been recorded up to the Maule region. These regions have a huge potential to establish castor beans, but more information about agronomic practices is necessary for its development in Chile.

FORMATION OF OIL IN THE SEED OF RICINUS COMMUNIS L.

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1879-1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Canvin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Castor Seeds ◽  
Characteristic Component ◽  
Young Seed

Castor seeds were collected at 3- and 6-day intervals after blossoming until maturity. The seeds were analyzed for protein and oil content and the fatty acid composition of the oil was determined by gas–liquid chromatography. Oil formation began 21 days after blossoming and two-thirds of the oil was synthesized in the next 20 days; the remaining one-third was formed in the last 20-day period. Protein synthesis occurred over a longer period of time but was accelerated during the middle 20-day period.Ricinoleic acid, the characteristic component of castor oil, was not present in the very young seed, but appeared when the seed was 12 days old and represented 90% of the fatty acids when the seed was 36 days old. After this time the fatty acid composition of the oil remained constant and characteristic. In the intervening 24-day period, the amount of ricinoleic acid was lower than normal. The amount of each fatty acid component, expressed on a per seed basis, increased over the entire period of development and there was no evidence of substantial conversion of oleic or linoleic acid to ricinoleic acid.

scholarly journals Genetic Engineering of Lesquerella with Increased Ricinoleic Acid Content in Seed Oil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093
Author(s):  
Grace Q. Chen ◽  
Kumiko Johnson ◽  
Tara J. Nazarenus ◽  
Grisel Ponciano ◽  
Eva Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Ricin Toxin ◽  
Industrial Oil ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase 2

Seeds of castor (Ricinus communis) are enriched in oil with high levels of the industrially valuable fatty acid ricinoleic acid (18:1OH), but production of this plant is limited because of the cooccurrence of the ricin toxin in its seeds. Lesquerella (Physaria fendleri) is being developed as an alternative industrial oilseed because its seeds accumulate lesquerolic acid (20:1OH), an elongated form of 18:1OH in seed oil which lacks toxins. Synthesis of 20:1OH is through elongation of 18:1OH by a lesquerella elongase, PfKCS18. Oleic acid (18:1) is the substrate for 18:1OH synthesis, but it is also used by fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) and FAD3 to sequentially produce linoleic and linolenic acids. To develop lesquerella that produces 18:1OH-rich seed oils such as castor, RNA interference sequences targeting KCS18, FAD2 and FAD3 were introduced to lesquerella to suppress the elongation and desaturation steps. Seeds from transgenic lines had increased 18:1OH to 1.1–26.6% compared with that of 0.4–0.6% in wild-type (WT) seeds. Multiple lines had reduced 18:1OH levels in the T2 generation, including a top line with 18:1OH reduced from 26.7% to 19%. Transgenic lines also accumulated more 18:1 than that of WT, indicating that 18:1 is not efficiently used for 18:1OH synthesis and accumulation. Factors limiting 18:1OH accumulation and new targets for further increasing 18:1OH production are discussed. Our results provide insights into complex mechanisms of oil biosynthesis in lesquerella and show the biotechnological potential to tailor lesquerella seeds to produce castor-like industrial oil functionality.

Characterization of the activity of fatty-acid epoxide hydrolase in seeds of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.)

Planta ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Stark ◽  
Hamid Houshmand ◽  
Martin Sandberg ◽  
Johan Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Epoxide Hydrolase ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Ricinus Communis L
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