scholarly journals Inhibition by inorganic anions of glutathione S-transferases from insect and mammalian sources

1991 ◽  
Vol 278 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Clark ◽  
J F Hamilton ◽  
S N Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Inorganic Anions ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Inhibitory Potency ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Wax Moth

Glutathione S-transferases 1-1, 3-3, 3-4 and 4-4 from rat liver and the major glutathione S-transferase from the wax moth (Galleria mellonella) are all inhibited by several simple inorganic anions. For each of 3-3, 3-4 and the insect enzyme, the order of inhibitory potency was ClO4- greater than or equal to SCN- greater than I- greater than NO3- greater than Br-. A more limited range of anions was tested on the isoenzymes 1-1 and 4-4, but the same trend was apparent. Values for Ki ranged from about 200 mM for Cl- to 6 mM for SCN- in the case of the insect enzyme and from 50 mM for Br- to 0.3 mM for SCN- for the rat isoform 3-3. Acetate, F-, SO4(2-) and PO4(3-) were not found to have significant inhibitory properties. The mode of inhibition was characterized as non-competitive in the case of the insect enzyme and rat transferase 1-1, whereas the mode of inhibition was partially non-competitive in the case of the rat isoforms 3-3, 3-4 and 4-4.

scholarly journals BENZYLIDENE CYCLOPENTANONE DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF RAT LIVER GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE ACTIVITIES

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudibyo Martono
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Inhibitory Potency ◽  
Liver Cytosol ◽  
Curcumin Analogues ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rat Liver Cytosol

The effect of the curcumin analogues, 2,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzylidene) cyclopentanone (B1) and two of its derivatives on m class glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) from phenobarbital-induced and uninduced rat liver cytosol has been studied to elucidate their anti-inflammatory activity. GST activity was monitored spectrophotometrically using 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene. B1 was the most potent inhibitor of GSTs, both in uninduced and in phenobarbital-induced rat liver cytosol. These inhibitory properties might be explained as part of the anti-inflammatory activity of benzylidene cyclopentanone derivatives (B1 and B12).   Keywords: curcumin; benzylidene cyclopentanone; inhibitory potency; glutathione S-transferases mesoporous

scholarly journals Purification and characterization of a new cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (glutathione S-transferase X) from rat liver

1983 ◽  
Vol 215 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Friedberg ◽  
U Milbert ◽  
P Bentley ◽  
T M Guenther ◽  
F Oesch
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Cytosolic Glutathione ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases

A hitherto unknown cytosolic glutathione S-transferase from rat liver was discovered and a method developed for its purification to apparent homogeneity. This enzyme had several properties that distinguished it from other glutathione S-transferases, and it was named glutathione S-transferase X. The purification procedure involved DEAE-cellulose chromatography, (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B to which glutathione was coupled and CM-cellulose chromatography, and allowed the isolation of glutathione S-transferases X, A, B and C in relatively large quantities suitable for the investigation of the toxicological role of these enzymes. Like glutathione S-transferase M, but unlike glutathione S-transferases AA, A, B, C, D and E, glutathione S-transferase X was retained on DEAE-cellulose. The end product, which was purified from rat liver 20 000 g supernatant about 50-fold, as determined with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate and about 90-fold with the 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene as substrate, was judged to be homogeneous by several criteria, including sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and immunoelectrophoresis. Results from sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and gel filtration indicated that transferase X was a dimer with Mr about 45 000 composed of subunits with Mr 23 500. The isoelectric point of glutathione S-transferase X was 6.9, which is different from those of most of the other glutathione S-transferases (AA, A, B and C). The amino acid composition of transferase X was similar to that of transferase C. Immunoelectrophoresis of glutathione S-transferases A, C and X and precipitation of various combinations of these antigens by antisera raised against glutathione S-transferase X or C revealed that the glutathione S-transferases A, C and X have different electrophoretic mobilities, and indicated that transferase X is immunologically similar to transferase C, less similar to transferase A and not cross-reactive to transferases B and E. In contrast with transferases B and AA, glutathione S-transferase X did not bind cholic acid, which, together with the determination of the Mr, shows that it does not possess subunits Ya or Yc. Glutathione S-transferase X did not catalyse the reaction of menaphthyl sulphate with glutathione, and was in this respect dissimilar to glutathione S-transferase M; however, it conjugated 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene very rapidly, in contrast with transferases AA, B, D and E, which were nearly inactive towards that substrate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Glutathione analogues as novel inhibitors of rat and human glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes, as well as of glutathione conjugation in isolated rat hepatocytes and in the rat in vivo

1995 ◽  
Vol 308 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ouwerkerk-Mahadevan ◽  
J H van Boom ◽  
M C Dreef-Tromp ◽  
J H T M Ploemen ◽  
D J Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Isolated Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Gamma S ◽  
Isolated Rat

Inhibitors of rat and human Alpha- and Mu-class glutathione S-transferases that effectively inhibit the glutathione (GSH) conjugation of bromosulphophthalein in the rat liver cytosolic fraction, isolated rat hepatocytes and in the rat liver in vivo have been developed. The GSH analogue (R)-5-carboxy-2-gamma-(S)-glutamylamino-N-hexylpentamide [Adang, Brussee, van der Gen and Mulder (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 830-836] was used as the lead compound. To obtain more potent inhibitors, it was modified by replacement of the N-hexyl moiety by N-2-heptyl and by esterification of the 5-carboxy group with ethyl and dodecyl groups. In isolated hepatocytes, the branched N-2-heptyl derivatives were stronger inhibitors of GSH conjugation of bromosulphophthalein than the N-hexyl derivatives. The ethyl ester compounds were more efficient than the corresponding unesterified derivatives. The dodecyl ester of the N-2-heptyl analogue was the most effective inhibitor in isolated hepatocytes, but was relatively toxic in vivo. However, the corresponding ethyl ester was a potent in vivo inhibitor: GSH conjugation of bromosulphophthalein (as assessed by biliary excretion of the conjugate) was decreased by 70% after administration of a dose of 200 mumol/kg. The isoenzyme specificity of the inhibitors towards purified rat and human glutathione S-transferases was also examined. The unesterified compounds were more potent than the esterified analogues, and inhibited Alpha- and Mu-class isoenzymes of both rat and human glutathione S-transferase (Ki range 1-40 microM). Other GSH-dependent enzymes, i.e. GSH peroxidase, GSH reductase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptide, were not inhibited. Thus (R)-5-ethyloxycarbonyl-2-gamma-(S)-glutamylamino-N-2-hept ylpentamide, the in vivo inhibitor of GSH conjugation, may be useful in helping to assess the role of the Alpha and Mu classes of glutathione S-transferases in cellular biochemistry, physiology and pathology.

scholarly journals Rat kidney glutathione S-transferase 1 subunits have C-terminal truncations

1996 ◽  
Vol 314 (3) ◽  
pp. 1017-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horng-I. YEH ◽  
Jing-Yu LEE ◽  
Shu-Ping TSAI ◽  
Cheng-Hsilin HSIEH ◽  
Ming F. TAM
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Peptide Mapping ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Cdna Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Reverse Phase Hplc ◽  
Cytosolic Glutathione ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Molecular Masses

Cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) from rat kidneys were purified by a combination of glutathione and S-hexylglutathione affinity columns. The isolated GSTs were subjected to reverse-phase HPLC and electrospray MS analysis. The major GST isoenzymes expressed in kidney are subunits 1, 2, 7 and 8. GST 1´, 3, and 4 are expressed in minor amounts. GST 10 is barely detectable in the male kidney cytosol. The molecular masses of these rat kidney GST subunits were determined by MS. The values obtained for subunits 1´, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 and 10 are identical with those obtained for rat liver GSTs. Rat kidney GST 1 consists of three polypeptides, with molecular masses of 25517, 25372 and 24982 Da. Results from peptide mapping, MS and amino-acid-sequencing analyses indicate that the major components were generated by deleting the C-terminal phenylalanine (24982 Da) and the C-terminal IFKF tetrapeptide (25372 Da) from the GST 1 subunit, respectively. The 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-conjugating and peroxidase activities of kidney GST 1 are substantially lower than for its counterpart from rat liver. In addition, rat kidney GST 1 has an arginine and a valine residue at positions 151 and 207 respectively. The results are in contradiction with the SWISS-PROT and GenBank rat liver GST 1 cDNA-sequencing data, which give a lysine and a methionine at the corresponding positions. Further analyses indicate that rat liver GST 1 also has C-terminal phenylalanine deletion, and an arginine and a valine residue at positions 151 and 207 respectively. However, the C-terminal-tetrapeptide-deleted form was not observed for rat liver GST 1.

scholarly journals The reaction of aralkyl sulphate esters with glutathione catalysed by rat liver preparations

1971 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gillham
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
The Stability

1. Rat liver supernatant preparations catalyse the reactions of some aralkyl sulphate esters with GSH to yield S-aralkylglutathione derivatives. 2. A glutathione S-transferase that catalyses these reactions has been purified 16-fold. 3. The purified enzyme preparation catalyses the release of sulphate ions from benzyl sulphate, 1-menaphthyl (naphth-1-ylmethyl) sulphate and phenanthr-9-ylmethyl sulphate only in the presence of GSH. It does not cause the release of sulphate ions from prop-1-yl sulphate, l-serine O-sulphate, phenyl sulphate or oestrone 3-sulphate even when GSH is added. 4. The stability and specificity of the enzyme and its response to inhibitors and to changes of pH were studied. 5. The activity of the preparation was compared with the activities of glutathione S-transferases described previously.

scholarly journals A study of the structures of the YaYa and YaYc glutathione S-transferases from rat liver cytosol Evidence that the Ya monomer is responsible for lithocholate-binding activity

1981 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Hayes ◽  
R C Strange ◽  
I W Percy-Robb
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Liver Cytosol ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Tryptic Digest ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Limited Digestion ◽  
Rat Liver Cytosol

The two dimeric lithocholic acid-binding proteins previously identified as ligandin (YaYa) and glutathione S-transferase B (YaYc) were isolated from rat liver cytosol. These proteins have molecular weights of 44000 and 47000 respectively. The recovery of these two proteins from liver was not affected by the addition of the proteinase inhibitor Trasylol. No spontaneous interconversion between these two proteins was observed on storage. YaYa and YaYc proteins yielded peptides of identical molecular weight after limited digestion with Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase. Analytical and preparative tryptic-digest peptide ‘maps’ showed that all the soluble peptides obtained from YaYa protein were also recovered from YaYc protein. Approximately six extra soluble peptides, which were not recovered from YaYa protein, were obtained from the tryptic digest of YaYc protein. Subdigests of the insoluble tryptic-digest ‘cores’ also resulted in the recovery of identical peptides from both proteins. Evidence is presented that the Ya subunit possessed by both proteins is identical; glutathione S transferase B is a hybrid of ligandin and glutathione S-transferase AA. The Ya monomer is responsible for lithocholate binding.

scholarly journals Selective induction of glutathione S-transferase D in rat testis by phenobarbital

1984 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 687-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sheehan ◽  
C M Ryle ◽  
T J Mantle
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Rat Testis ◽  
Specific Induction ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases

Testis cytosol is shown to contain the Yb2Yb2 -homodimer glutathione S-transferase D in addition to the previously described glutathione S-transferases A (Yb1Yb1) and C (Yb1Yb2). Treatment of rats with phenobarbital induces the level of glutathione S-transferase D in testis with no increase in the activities of glutathione S-transferases A and C. This result indicates a specific induction of the Yb2 subunit in testis, in contrast with the situation in rat liver, where phenobarbital specifically induces the Yb1 subunit.

scholarly journals Nonhistone protein BA is a glutathione S-transferase localized to interchromatinic regions of the cell nucleus.

1986 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
C F Bennett ◽  
D L Spector ◽  
L C Yeoman
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Cell Nucleus ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rnase A ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Technique ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Nonhistone Protein ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Nuclear Domains

A DNA-binding nonhistone protein, protein BA, was previously demonstrated to co-localize with U-snRNPs within discrete nuclear domains (Bennett, F. C., and L. C. Yeoman, 1985, Exp. Cell Res., 157:379-386). To further define the association of protein BA and U-snRNPs within these discrete nuclear domains, cells were fractionated in situ and the localization of the antigens determined by double-labeled immunofluorescence. Protein BA was extracted from the nucleus with the 2.0 M NaCl soluble chromatin fraction, while U-snRNPs were only partially extracted from the 2.0 M NaCl-resistant nuclear structures. U-snRNPs were extracted from the residual nuclear material by combined DNase I/RNase A digestions. Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique and electron microscopy, protein BA was localized to interchromatinic regions of the cell nucleus. Protein BA was noted to share a number of chemical and physical properties with a family of cytoplasmic enzymes, the glutathione S-transferases. Comparison of the published amino acid composition of protein BA and glutathione S-transferases showed marked similarities. Nonhistone protein BA isolated from saline-EDTA nuclear extracts exhibited glutathione S-transferase activity with a variety of substrates. Substrate specificity and subunit analysis by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that it was a mixture of several glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes. Protein BA isolated from rat liver chromatin was shown by immunoblotting and peptide mapping techniques to be two glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes composed of the Yb and Yb' subunits. Glutathione S-transferase Yb subunits were demonstrated to be both nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins by indirect immunolocalization on rat liver cryosections. The identification of protein BA as glutathione S-transferase suggests that this family of multifunctional enzymes may play an important role in those nuclear domains containing U-snRNPs.

scholarly journals Two immunologically distinct Yc-type subunits are present in rat lung glutathione S-transferases

1984 ◽  
Vol 224 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
S V Singh ◽  
Y C Awasthi
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases

Two types of 25 000-Mr subunits are present in rat lung glutathione S-transferase I (pI 8.8). These subunits, designated Yc and Yc', are immunologically and functionally distinct from each other. The homodimers YcYc (pI 10.4) and Yc'Yc' (pI 7.6) obtained by hybridization in vitro of the two subunits of glutathione S-transferase I (pI 8.8) were isolated and characterized. Results of these studies indicate that only the Yc subunits express glutathione peroxidase activity and cross-react with the antibodies raised against glutathione S-transferase B (YaYc) or rat liver. The Yc' subunits do not express glutathione peroxidase activity and do not cross-react with the antibodies raised against glutathione S-transferase B of rat liver. The amino acid compositions of these two subunits are also different. These two subunits can also be separated by the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of glutathione S-transferase I (pI 8.8) of rat lung.

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