scholarly journals Hormonal regulation of collagenolysis in uterine cervical fibroblasts. Modulation of synthesis of procollagenase, prostromelysin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) by progesterone and oestradiol-17 β

1991 ◽  
Vol 275 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Sato ◽  
A Ito ◽  
Y Mori ◽  
K Yamashita ◽  
T Hayakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
State Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steady State Level ◽  
Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteinases ◽  
Tissue Inhibitor ◽  
Steady State Levels

Rabbit uterine cervical fibroblasts produced a large amount of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as collagenase (MMP-1) and stromelysin (MMP-3) and a small relatively amount of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP). When cells were treated with progesterone or oestradiol-17 beta, both steroids concurrently decreased the level of procollagenase and prostromelysin in the culture media and the steady-state levels of the respective mRNAs. On the other hand, the level of TIMP in the culture media and the steady-state level of its mRNA were simultaneously increased by these steroids. Similarly, the suppression of production of MMPs and the augmentation of TIMP production by both steroids were observed with interleukin 1 (IL-1)-treated cells, but the action of progesterone was more effective than that of oestradiol-17 beta in the IL-1-untreated and -treated cells. These results suggest that collagenolysis in uterine cervical fibroblasts is negatively regulated by steroid hormones via the acceleration of TIMP production and the suppression of synthesis of MMPs at the pretranslational level.

scholarly journals Two peaks of interleukin 1 expression in human leukocytes cultured with tobacco glycoprotein.

1989 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Francus ◽  
G Manzo ◽  
M Canki ◽  
L C Thompson ◽  
P Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
State Level ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Steady State Level ◽  
Two Peaks

We have previously shown that tobacco glycoprotein (TGP), a polyphenol-rich glycoprotein isolated from tobacco or from cigarette smoke, affects the immune system. In this study we show that TGP induces human PBL and adherent cells to produce IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta. Two peaks of IL-1 activity were observed; one at 18-24 h, the second at 4-6 d after initiation of culture. A similar pattern was observed for the steady state level of IL-1 mRNA. These data suggest that the production of IL-1 by cells stimulated with TGP might be a factor in cardiovascular disease associated with cigarette smoking.

Induction of gene expression during involution of the lactating mammary gland of the rat

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Guenette ◽  
H B Corbeil ◽  
J Léger ◽  
K Wong ◽  
V Mézl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tissue Transglutaminase ◽  
State Level ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Steady State Level ◽  
Hsp 27 ◽  
Steady State Levels

ABSTRACT After weaning, the mammary gland ceases lactation and involutes. The wet weight of the gland decreases by 70% within 4 days of weaning. This involves significant tissue remodelling as the ducts regress and return to the resting state. The presence of apoptotic bodies in the luminal epithelial compartment 2 to 3 days after weaning provides clear evidence that a substantial proportion of the regression is attributable to the induction of active cell death (ACD) of the epithelial cells. These changes in the architecture of the gland were found to be mirrored by changes in gene expression. The steady-state level of β-casein mRNA decreased rapidly after weaning from the high levels seen during lactation to undetectable levels by 8 days after weaning. The steady-state levels of expression of a number of genes associated with ACD, including TRPM-2, tissue transglutaminase (TGase) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), increased transiently during this time-frame. The steady-state level of TRPM-2 mRNA increased 2 days after weaning, reaching a peak on day 4, and decreasing to undetectable levels by day 8 after weaning. The steady-state levels of two other mRNAs, TGase and PARP, showed very similar kinetics. In contrast, the mRNA for Hsp 27, which has been shown to be induced during prostate regression, was not significantly induced in the regressing mammary gland. In-situ hybridization demonstrated that the TRPM-2, TGase and PARP genes were expressed predominantly in the luminal epithelial cells of the ducts. These cells expressed β-casein mRNA during lactation, and underwent ACD after weaning. While the ultrastructural changes in the mammary gland after weaning, and the induction of TRPM-2, TGase and PARP mRNAs, are reminiscent of apoptosis in the prostate, several features of the process are different. Most notably, the disruption of the secretory processes and the lack of increased expression of Hsp 27 in the regressing mammary gland suggest that there may be a number of important events in ACD that are not common to all cells.

scholarly journals Down-regulation of actin genes precedes microfilament network disruption and actin cleavage during p53-mediated apoptosis

1997 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Guenal ◽  
Y. Risler ◽  
B. Mignotte
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
State Level ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Actin Genes ◽  
Steady State Levels

Inactivation of Simian Virus 40 large T antigen, in cells immortalized with conditional mutants, leads to activation of p53 and apoptosis. We used the mRNA differential display method to identify genes differentially expressed during this process. We found that steady-state levels of mRNA for cytoplasmic actins decreased early during apoptosis. We also showed that, although the steady-state level of the corresponding proteins is not profoundly affected, they are substrates for an interleukin 1-beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease activated during the process. However, only a very small fraction of actin is proteolysed during the early stages of apoptosis. The microfilament network is affected and non polymerized actin accumulates in apoptotic bodies after the decrease of mRNA levels, but before a significant amount of actin is cleaved. This suggests that down-regulation of actin genes may be involved in microfilament rearrangements during p53-mediated apoptosis.

scholarly journals The COG complex interacts directly with Syntaxin 6 and positively regulates endosome-to-TGN retrograde transport

2011 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orly Laufman ◽  
WanJin Hong ◽  
Sima Lev
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
State Level ◽  
Retrograde Transport ◽  
Snare Complex ◽  
Steady State Level ◽  
Cog Complex ◽  
Target Membrane ◽  
Steady State Levels ◽  
Retrograde Traffic ◽  
Golgi Network

The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex has been implicated in the regulation of endosome to trans-Golgi network (TGN) retrograde trafficking in both yeast and mammals. However, the exact mechanisms by which it regulates this transport route remain largely unknown. In this paper, we show that COG interacts directly with the target membrane SNARE (t-SNARE) Syntaxin 6 via the Cog6 subunit. In Cog6-depleted cells, the steady-state level of Syntaxin 6 was markedly reduced, and concomitantly, endosome-to-TGN retrograde traffic was significantly attenuated. Cog6 knockdown also affected the steady-state levels and/or subcellular distributions of Syntaxin 16, Vti1a, and VAMP4 and impaired the assembly of the Syntaxin 6–Syntaxin16–Vti1a–VAMP4 SNARE complex. Remarkably, overexpression of VAMP4, but not of Syntaxin 6, bypassed the requirement for COG and restored endosome-to-TGN trafficking in Cog6-depleted cells. These results suggest that COG directly interacts with specific t-SNAREs and positively regulates SNARE complex assembly, thereby affecting their associated trafficking steps.

scholarly journals Characterization of the calcium-sequestering process associated with human platelet intracellular membranes isolated by free-flow electrophoresis

1984 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Menashi ◽  
K S Authi ◽  
F Carey ◽  
N Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
State Level ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Steady State Level ◽  
Uptake Process ◽  
Steady State Levels ◽  
Gradient Fractionation

By using density-gradient fractionation and high-voltage free-flow electrophoresis, human platelet membranes were separated into highly purified subfractions of surface (SM) and intracellular (IM) origin. Associated exclusively with the IM fraction is an ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake that, in the absence of oxalate, reaches steady-state levels in 5-10 min. When Ca2+-EGTA buffers were used to control the external Ca2+ concentrations (range 0.1-50 microM) there was an increase in the intravesicle steady-state level of Ca2+ up to 10 microM external Ca2+ concentration. Above this level the intravesicle space becomes saturated at a concentration between 10 and 20 nmol of Ca2+ X (mg of protein)-1. The ionophore A23187 promotes a rapid and almost total release of the sequestered Ca2+ (greater than 90%, t1/2 1-2 min). The presence of oxalate in the external medium greatly enhances the Ca2+ accumulation to levels as high as 200 nmol X (mg of protein)-1, but the uptake process is more variable and rarely reaches steady-state level even after 2 h incubation. Moreover, accumulation in the presence of oxalate effects ionophore release with less than 80% depletion in 45-60 min. These findings, taken together with the known presence in the platelet of a wide variety of functional and metabolic processes triggered by this cation, suggest that the platelet IM has a key role in controlling cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations.

Tacrolimus initial steady state level in post-transplant cyclophosphamide-based GvHD prophylaxis regimens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janny M. Yao ◽  
Dongyun Yang ◽  
Mary C. Clark ◽  
Salman Otoukesh ◽  
Thai Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
State Level ◽  
Steady State Level ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Gvhd Prophylaxis

Ascorbate and glutathione homeostasis in vascular smooth muscle cells: cooperation with endothelial cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (4) ◽  
pp. C1031-C1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilia Voskoboinik ◽  
Karin Söderholm ◽  
Ian A. Cotgreave
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
State Level ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Steady State Level ◽  
Human Umbilical Vein

Human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMCs) utilize extracellular cystine, glutathione (GSH), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to synthesize cellular GSH. Extracellular cystine was effective from 5 μM, whereas GSH and NAC were required at 100 μM for comparable effects. The efficacy of extracellular GSH was dependent on de novo GSH synthesis, indicating a dependence on cellular γ-glutamyltransferase (glutamyl transpeptidase). Coculture of syngenetic HUVSMCs and corresponding human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on porous supports restricted cystine- or GSH-stimulated synthesis of HUVSMC GSH when supplied on the “luminal” endothelial side. Thus HUVSMC GSH rapidly attained a steady-state level below that achieved in the absence of interposed HUVECs. HUVSMCs also readily utilize both reduced ascorbate (AA) and oxidized dehydroascorbate (DHAA) over the range 50–500 μM. Phloretin effectively blocked both AA- and DHAA-stimulated assimilation of intracellular AA, indicating a role for a glucose transporter in their transport. Uptake of extracellular AA was also sensitive to extracellular, but not intracellular, thiol depletion. When AA was applied to the endothelial side of the coculture model, assimilation of intracellular AA in HUVSMCs was restricted to a steady-state level below that achieved by free access.

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