scholarly journals Glucose utilization in heart, diaphragm and skeletal muscle during the fed-to-starved transition

1990 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Holness ◽  
M C Sugden
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Acute Elevation ◽  
Glucose Fatty Acid Cycle ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake

The progressive effects of starvation on muscle glucose utilization were studied in the conscious resting rat. High rates of glucose uptake and phosphorylation in constantly working cardiothoracic (heart, diaphragm) and postural skeletal muscles (soleus, adductor longus) were maintained for at least 9 h of starvation. A rapid decline in cardiac glucose utilization was observed during the period 9-24 h of starvation, but for the other muscles the decline was more gradual. Consequently, even after 24 h, rates of glucose utilization in these muscles remained quantitatively significant. In both cardiothoracic and working (postural) skeletal muscle, glucose uptake and phosphorylation and activity of the active form of pyruvate dehydrogenase exhibited differential sensitivities to starvation and also to acute elevation of fatty acid concentrations during acute (4-9 h) starvation, such that pyruvate oxidation was more rapidly suppressed than glucose uptake and phosphorylation. The results are discussed in relation to the role of the glucose/fatty acid cycle in glucose conservation during the fed-to-starved transition.

Effects of adenosine, exercise, and moderate acute hypoxia on energy substrate utilization of human skeletal muscle

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (3) ◽  
pp. R385-R390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka Heinonen ◽  
Jukka Kemppainen ◽  
Kimmo Kaskinoro ◽  
Juha E. Peltonen ◽  
Hannu T. Sipilä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Energy Substrate ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake ◽  
Knee Extension Exercise

Glucose metabolism increases in hypoxia and can be influenced by endogenous adenosine, but the role of adenosine for regulating glucose metabolism at rest or during exercise in hypoxia has not been elucidated in humans. We studied the effects of exogenous adenosine on human skeletal muscle glucose uptake and other blood energy substrates [free fatty acid (FFA) and lactate] by infusing adenosine into the femoral artery in nine healthy young men. The role of endogenous adenosine was studied by intra-arterial adenosine receptor inhibition (aminophylline) during dynamic one-leg knee extension exercise in normoxia and acute hypoxia corresponding to ∼3,400 m of altitude. Extraction and release of energy substrates were studied by arterial-to-venous (A-V) blood samples, and total uptake or release was determined by the product of A-V differences and muscle nutritive perfusion measured by positron emission tomography. The results showed that glucose uptake increased from a baseline value of 0.2 ± 0.2 to 2.0 ± 2.2 μmol·100 g−1·min−1 during adenosine infusion ( P < 0.05) at rest. Although acute hypoxia enhanced arterial FFA levels, it did not affect muscle substrate utilization at rest. During exercise, glucose uptake was higher (195%) during acute hypoxia compared with normoxia ( P = 0.058), and aminophylline had no effect on energy substrate utilization during exercise, despite that arterial FFA levels were increased. In conclusion, exogenous adenosine at rest and acute moderate hypoxia during low-intensity knee-extension exercise increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake, but the increase in hypoxia appears not to be mediated by adenosine.

Role of nitric oxide in skeletal muscle glucose uptake during exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1569-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yet Hoi Hong ◽  
Andrew C. Betik ◽  
Glenn K. McConell
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake

scholarly journals Opposite effects of exercise and dexamethasone on skeletal muscle glucose uptake: Role of AMPK and CaMKII

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Lia Amaral ◽  
Juliana Cavalcante Andrade Louzada ◽  
Thiago José Dionísio ◽  
Bruno Alvares Viscelli ◽  
Evandro José Dionísio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake

Glucose–fatty acid cycle operates in humans at the levels of both whole body and skeletal muscle during low and high physiological plasma insulin concentrations

1994 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan A Vaag ◽  
Aase Handberg ◽  
Peter Skøtt ◽  
Erik A Richter ◽  
Henning Beck-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Glucose Fatty Acid Cycle

Vaag, AA, Handberg A, Skøtt P, Richter EA, Beck-Nielsen H. Glucose-fatty acid cycle operates in humans at the levels of both whole body and skeletal muscle during low and high physiological plasma insulin concentrations. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:70–9. ISSN 0804–4643 Plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were elevated acutely (Intralipid + heparin infusion) in 14 normal humans in order to study the effects of fatty acids on whole-body basal and insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism, and on activities of skeletal muscle key enzymes. Whole-body glucose metabolism was assessed using [3-3H]glucose and indirect calorimetry. Biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle during basal and insulin-stimulated (3 h, 40 mU·m−2·min1) steady-state periods. Total peripheral glucose uptake was unaffected by Intralipid infusion in the basal state, whereas it decreased during Intralipid infusion in the hyperinsulinemic state (10.7±0.7 vs 8.7±0.8 mg · kg−1 fat-free mass · min−1, p < 0.02). Intralipid infusion decreased whole-body glucose oxidation in the basal state (1.3±0.2 vs 0.8±0.1 mg·kg−1 fat-free mass·min−1, p<0.001) and during hyperinsulinemia (3.6±0.2 vs 1.7±0.2 mg·kg−1 fat-free mass·min−1 p<0.001). Whole-body non-oxidative glucose uptake increased during Intralipid infusion in the basal state and was unaffected in the hyperinsulinemic state. The skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase activity ratio decreased in the basal state during Intralipid infusion (55±6 vs 43±5%, p<0.05), whereas no statistical significant decrease in the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity ratio was observed during insulin infusion (57±8 vs 47 ± 5%, NS). Insulin increased the activity of the active form of pyruvate dehydrogenase on the control day, but not during Intralipid infusion. Activities of phosphofructokinase and glycogen synthase were unaffected by Intralipid infusion. Plasma glucose concentrations were similar during Intralipid infusion and on the control day, whereas Intralipid infusion increased the muscle glucose content in the basal state (1.36±0.09 vs 1.77±0.12 mmol/kg dry wt, p<0.05) and in the hyperinsulinemic state (1.23 ± 0.09 vs 1.82 ± 0.16 mmol/kg dry wt, p <0.05). Insulin increased the muscle lactate content on the control day (6.50±0.95 vs 8.65±0.77 mmol/kg dry wt, p<0.05), but not during Intralipid infusion. In conclusion, the glucose–fatty acid cycle operates in humans in vivo at the levels of both whole body and skeletal muscle during both low and high physiological insulin concentrations. Allan Vaag, Department of Internal Medicine M, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark

scholarly journals β-Sitosterol-D-Glucopyranoside Mimics Estrogenic Properties and Stimulates Glucose Utilization in Skeletal Muscle Cells

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3129
Author(s):  
Jyotsana Pandey ◽  
Kapil Dev ◽  
Sourav Chattopadhyay ◽  
Sleman Kadan ◽  
Tanuj Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Glut4 Translocation ◽  
In Silico Docking

Estrogenic molecules have been reported to regulate glucose homeostasis and may be beneficial for diabetes management. Here, we investigated the estrogenic effect of β-sitosterol-3-O-D-glucopyranoside (BSD), isolated from the fruits of Cupressus sempervirens and monitored its ability to regulate glucose utilization in skeletal muscle cells. BSD stimulated ERE-mediated luciferase activity in both ERα and ERβ-ERE luc expression system with greater response through ERβ in HEK-293T cells, and induced the expression of estrogen-regulated genes in estrogen responsive MCF-7 cells. In silico docking and molecular interaction studies revealed the affinity and interaction of BSD with ERβ through hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond pairing. Furthermore, prolonged exposure of L6-GLUT4myc myotubes to BSD raised the glucose uptake under basal conditions without affecting the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the effect associated with enhanced translocation of GLUT4 to the cell periphery. The BSD-mediated biological response to increase GLUT4 translocation was obliterated by PI-3-K inhibitor wortmannin, and BSD significantly increased the phosphorylation of AKT (Ser-473). Moreover, BSD-induced GLUT4 translocation was prevented in the presence of fulvestrant. Our findings reveal the estrogenic activity of BSD to stimulate glucose utilization in skeletal muscle cells via PI-3K/AKT-dependent mechanism.

Role of the AMP-activated protein kinase in regulating fatty acid metabolism during exerciseThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 14th International Biochemistry of Exercise Conference – Muscles as Molecular and Metabolic Machines, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

During moderate-intensity exercise, fatty acids are the predominant substrate for working skeletal muscle. The release of fatty acids from adipose tissue stores, combined with the ability of skeletal muscle to actively fine tune the gradient between fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism, depending on substrate availability and energetic demands, requires a coordinated system of metabolic control. Over the past decade, since the discovery that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was increased in accordance with exercise intensity, there has been significant interest in the proposed role of this ancient stress-sensing kinase as a critical integrative switch controlling metabolic responses during exercise. In this review, studies examining the role of AMPK as a regulator of fatty acid metabolism in both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle during exercise will be discussed. Exercise induces activation of AMPK in adipocytes and regulates triglyceride hydrolysis and esterfication through phosphorylation of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and glycerol-3-phosphate acyl-transferase, respectively. In skeletal muscle, exercise-induced activation of AMPK is associated with increases in fatty acid uptake, phosphorylation of HSL, and increased fatty acid oxidation, which is thought to occur via the acetyl-CoA carboxylase-malony-CoA-CPT-1 signalling axis. Despite the importance of AMPK in regulating fatty acid metabolism under resting conditions, recent evidence from transgenic models of AMPK deficiency suggest that alternative signalling pathways may also be important for the control of fatty acid metabolism during exercise.

scholarly journals An investigation of arterial insufficiency in the rat hindlimb Correlation of skeletal muscle bloodflow and glucose utilization in vivo

1986 ◽  
Vol 240 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Challiss ◽  
D J Hayes ◽  
G K Radda
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Stimulation

Muscle bloodflow and the rate of glucose uptake and phosphorylation were measured in vivo in rats 7 days after unilateral femoral artery ligation and section. Bloodflow was determined by using radiolabelled microspheres. At rest, bloodflow to the gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus muscles of the ligated limb was similar to their respective mean contralateral control values; however, bilateral sciatic nerve stimulation at 1 Hz caused a less pronounced hyperaemic response in the muscles of the ligated limb, being 59, 63 and 49% of their mean control values in the gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus muscles respectively. The rate of glucose utilization was determined by using the 2-deoxy[3H]glucose method [Ferré, Leturque, Burnol, Penicaud & Girard (1985) Biochem. J. 228, 103-110]. At rest, the rate of glucose uptake and phosphorylation was statistically significantly increased in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the ligated limb, being 126 and 140% of the mean control values respectively. Bilateral sciatic nerve stimulation at 1 Hz caused a 3-5-fold increase in the rate of glucose utilization by the ligated and contralateral control limbs; furthermore, the rate of glucose utilization was significantly increased in the muscles of the ligated limb, being 140, 129 and 207% of their mean control values respectively. For the range of bloodflow to normally perfused skeletal muscle at rest or during isometric contraction determined in the present study, a linear correlation between the rate of glucose utilization and bloodflow can be demonstrated. Applying similar methods of regression analysis to glucose utilization and bloodflow to muscles of the ligated limb reveals a similar linear correlation. However, the rate of glucose utilization at a given bloodflow is increased in muscles of the ligated limb, indicating an adaptation of skeletal muscle to hypoperfusion.

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