scholarly journals Metabolic consequences of hyperinsulinaemia imposed on normal rats on glucose handling by white adipose tissue, muscles and liver

1990 ◽  
Vol 267 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Cusin ◽  
J Terrettaz ◽  
F Rohner-Jeanrenaud ◽  
B Jeanrenaud
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Insulin Responsiveness

The effects of hyperinsulinaemia imposed on normal rats on the subsequent insulin-responsiveness in vivo of 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake of white adipose tissue and of various muscle types were investigated. This was done by treating normal rats with insulin via osmotic minipumps, and by comparing them with saline-infused controls. Hyperinsulinaemia produced by prior insulin treatment resulted in a well-tolerated hypoglycaemia. At the end of the treatment, the glucose utilization index of individual tissues was determined by euglycaemic/hyperinsulinaemic clamps associated with the labelled 2-deoxy-D-glucose method. Prior insulin treatment resulted in increased insulin-responsiveness of the glucose utilization index of white adipose tissue, and in increased total lipogenesis in white adipose tissue and fat-pad weight. In contrast, prior insulin treatment resulted in a decreased glucose utilization index of several muscles. These opposite effects of hyperinsulinaemia on glucose utilization in white adipose tissue and muscles persisted when the hypoglycaemia-induced catecholamine output was prevented (adrenomedullectomy, propranolol treatment), as well as when hypoglycaemia was normalized by concomitant insulin treatment and glucose infusion. Insulin suppressed hepatic glucose production during the clamps in insulin-treated rats as in the respective controls, whereas total hepatic lipid synthesis and liver fat content were greater in rats treated with insulin than in controls. It is concluded that hyperinsulinaemia itself could be one of the driving forces responsible for producing increased glucose utilization by white adipose tissue, increased total lipid synthesis with fat accumulation in adipose tissue and the liver, together with an insulin-resistant state at the muscular level.

scholarly journals Hyperinsulinaemia increases insulin action in vivo in white adipose tissue but not in muscles

1990 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Takao ◽  
M C Laury ◽  
A Ktorza ◽  
L Picon ◽  
L Pénicaud
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Hyperinsulinaemic Clamp ◽  
Euglycaemic Hyperinsulinaemic Clamp

The effect of 4 days of stable hyperglycaemia and resulting hyperinsulinaemia on insulin-induced glucose utilization by individual rat tissues was studied in vivo. The treatment produced a net increase in the glucose utilization index under both basal and insulin-stimulated (euglycaemic/hyperinsulinaemic clamp) conditions in white adipose tissue. On the contrary, glucose utilization was unchanged in aerobic muscles but was decreased in glycolytic skeletal muscles during the clamp.

Increased in vivo glucose utilization in 30-day-old obese Zucker rat: role of white adipose tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (3) ◽  
pp. E342-E348 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Krief ◽  
R. Bazin ◽  
F. Dupuy ◽  
M. Lavau
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Proximal Intestine

In vivo whole-body glucose utilization and uptake in multiple individual tissues were investigated in conscious 30-day-old Zucker rats, which when obese are hyperphagic, hyperinsulinemic, and normoglycemic. Whole-body glucose metabolism (assessed by [3-3H]glucose) was 40% higher in obese (fa/fa) than in lean (Fa/fa) rats, suggesting that obese rats were quite responsive to their hyperinsulinemia (140 vs. 55 microU/ml). In obese compared with lean rats, tissue glucose uptake (assessed by the 2-deoxyglucose technique) was increased by 15, 12, and 6 times in dorsal, inguinal, perigonadal white depots, respectively; multiplied by 2.5 in brown adipose tissue; increased by 50% in skin from inguinal region but not in that from cranial, thoracic, or dorsal area; and increased twofold in diaphragm but similar in heart, in proximal intestine, and in total muscular mass of limbs. Our data establish that in young obese rats the hypertrophied white adipose tissue was a major glucose-utilizing tissue whose capacity for glucose disposal compared with that of half the muscular mass. Adipose tissue could therefore play an important role in the homeostasis of glucose in obese rats in the face of their increased carbohydrate intake.

Development of VMH obesity: in vivo insulin secretion and tissue insulin sensitivity

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. E255-E260 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Penicaud ◽  
M. F. Kinebanyan ◽  
P. Ferre ◽  
J. Morin ◽  
J. Kande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Insulin Hypersensitivity

Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps coupled with an injection of [2-3H]deoxyglucose were performed in rats 1 or 6 wk after lesion of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and their age-matched controls. In the basal state, glucose utilization was not different in controls and VMH rats in all the tissues studied except in white adipose tissue where it was greatly increased after the lesion. When insulinemia was clamped at 850 microU/ml, glucose utilization was less important in glycolytic and normal in oxidative muscles in animals 1 wk after the lesion (VMH1) compared with controls. In animals 6 wk after the lesion (VMH6), all the muscles utilized less glucose than those of controls. In white adipose tissue, glucose utilization was increased twice more in VMH1 and returned to normal in VMH6. These data demonstrate a progressive development of insulin resistance in muscles. Simultaneously, there is a transient insulin hypersensitivity in white adipose tissue. This, together with a hypersecretion of insulin, could contribute to the development of body fat mass by redirecting glucose towards adipose tissue.

Regional variations in metabolic responses of white adipose tissue to food restriction

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (6) ◽  
pp. E892-E899 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Sugden ◽  
R. M. Grimshaw ◽  
H. Lall ◽  
M. J. Holness
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Standard Laboratory Diet

The effects of food restriction (limited access to food for 2 h/day for 10 days) on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities and rates of fatty acid synthesis and glucose utilization in vivo in two superficial (interscapular and subcutaneous) and three deep abdominal white adipose tissue depots (parametrial, perirenal, and mesenteric) of adult female Wistar rats were examined before and at 2 h after a standard laboratory diet meal (5 g). Fasting LPL activities in perirenal (1.6-fold), mesenteric (5.9-fold), and subcutaneous (2.7-fold) adipose tissue, when expressed per unit of delipidated tissue, were increased in response to food restriction. This effect was retained (but not enhanced) after the meal. In contrast, muscle LPL activities were either unchanged or suppressed by food restriction. Stimulation of adipose tissue fatty acid synthesis and glucose utilization evoked by feeding in control rats was greatly enhanced by prior food restriction. There was no relationship between anatomical location and presence or absence of the response of adipose tissue LPL activity to food restriction, but the effect of food restriction to enhance the responses of fatty acid synthesis and glucose utilization to a meal was more marked in perirenal and parametrial adipose tissue than in the more superficial depots. The results thus demonstrate regional specificity in the response of adipose tissue functions to food restriction.

scholarly journals A method to quantify glucose utilization in vivo in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue of the anaesthetized rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Ferré ◽  
A Leturque ◽  
A F Burnol ◽  
L Penicaud ◽  
J Girard
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Anaesthetized Rat

A quantitative method allowing determination of glucose metabolism in vivo in muscles and white adipose tissue of the anaesthetized rat is presented. A tracer dose of 2-deoxy[3H]glucose was injected intravenously in an anaesthetized rat and the concentration of 2-deoxy[3H]glucose was monitored in arterial blood. After 30-80 min, three muscles, the soleus, the extensor digitorum longus and the epitrochlearis, periovarian white adipose tissue and brain were sampled and analysed for their content of 2-deoxy[3H]glucose 6-phosphate. This content could be related to glucose utilization during the same time period, since (1) the integral of the decrease of 2-deoxy[3H]glucose in arterial blood was known and (2) correction factors for the analogue effect of 2-deoxyglucose compared with glucose in the transport and phosphorylation steps were determined from experiments in vitro. Glucose utilization was then measured by this technique in the tissues of post-absorptive rats in the basal state (0.1 munit of insulin/ml of plasma) or during euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp (8 munits of insulin/ml of plasma) and of 48 h-starved rats. Results corresponded qualitatively and quantitatively to the known physiological characteristics of the tissues studied.

scholarly journals In Vivo Response to α1-Adrenoreceptor Stimulation in Human White Adipose Tissue

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Boschmann ◽  
Götz Krupp ◽  
Friedrich C. Luft ◽  
Susanne Klaus ◽  
Jens Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue

Catecholaminergic innervation of white adipose tissue in Siberian hamsters

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (3) ◽  
pp. R744-R751 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Youngstrom ◽  
T. J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Anterograde Transport ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Lipid Stores ◽  
Catecholaminergic Innervation ◽  
Fat Pads

When Siberian hamsters are transferred from long summerlike days (LDs) to short winterlike days (SDs) they decrease their body weight, primarily as body fat. These SD-induced decreases in lipid stores are not uniform. Internally located white adipose tissue (WAT) pads are depleted preferentially of lipid, whereas the more externally located subcutaneous WAT pads are relatively spared. These data suggest a possible differential sympathetic neural control over catecholamine-induced lipolysis and that lipolytic rates are greater for internal vs. external WAT pads. Moreover, if these differential rates of lipolysis are due to differential sympathetic nervous system (SNS) drives on the pads, then fat pad-specific catecholaminergic innervation may exist. Therefore, we tested whether inguinal WAT (IWAT; an external pad) and epididymal WAT (EWAT; an internal pad) were innervated differentially. In addition, we tested whether norepinephrine (NE) turnover (TO) reflected the presumed greater SNS drive on EWAT vs. IWAT after SD exposure. Injections of fluorescent tract tracers [Fluoro-Gold or indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI)] demonstrated projections from the SNS ganglia T13-L3 to both fat pads. Retrograde labeling revealed a relatively separate pattern of distribution of labeled neurons in the ganglia projecting to each pad. In vivo anterograde transport of DiI resulted in labeling in both IWAT and EWAT that included staining around individual adipocytes and occasionally retrogradely labeled cells. The proportionately greater decrease in EWAT compared with IWAT mass after 5 wk of SD exposure was reflected in greater EWAT NE TO than found in their LD counterparts for this pad.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Polyinosinic: Polycytidylic Acid and Murine Cytomegalovirus Modulate Expression of Murine IL-10 and IL-21 in White Adipose Tissue

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Pablo Garcia-Valtanen ◽  
Ruth Marian Guzman-Genuino ◽  
John D. Hayball ◽  
Kerrilyn R. Diener
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
B Cells ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Murine Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Polycytidylic Acid ◽  
Polyinosinic Polycytidylic Acid

White adipose tissue (WAT) produces interleukin-10 and other immune suppressors in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). It also homes a subset of B-cells specialized in the production of IL-10, referred to as regulatory B-cells. We investigated whether viral stimuli, polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) or whole replicative murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), could stimulate the expression of IL-10 in murine WAT using in vivo and ex vivo approaches. Our results showed that in vivo responses to systemic administration of poly(I:C) resulted in high levels of endogenously-produced IL-10 and IL-21 in WAT. In ex vivo WAT explants, a subset of B-cells increased their endogenous IL-10 expression in response to poly(I:C). Finally, MCMV replication in WAT explants resulted in decreased IL-10 levels, opposite to the effect seen with poly(I:C). Moreover, downregulation of IL-10 correlated with relatively lower number of Bregs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of IL-10 expression by WAT and WAT-associated B-cells in response to viral stimuli.

scholarly journals Browning Effects of a Chronic Pterostilbene Supplementation in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina La Spina ◽  
Eva Galletta ◽  
Michele Azzolini ◽  
Saioa Gomez Zorita ◽  
Sofia Parrasia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Protein Levels

Obesity and related comorbidities are a major health concern. The drugs used to treat these conditions are largely inadequate or dangerous, and a well-researched approach based on nutraceuticals would be highly useful. Pterostilbene (Pt), i.e., 3,5-dimethylresveratrol, has been reported to be effective in animal models of obesity, acting on different metabolic pathways. We investigate here its ability to induce browning of white adipose tissue. Pt (5 µM) was first tested on 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes, and then it was administered (352 µmol/kg/day) to mice fed an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) for 30 weeks, starting at weaning. In the cultured adipocytes, the treatment elicited a significant increase of the levels of Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) protein—a key component of thermogenic, energy-dissipating beige/brown adipocytes. In vivo administration antagonized weight increase, more so in males than in females. Analysis of inguinal White Adipose Tissue (WAT) revealed a trend towards browning, with significantly increased transcription of several marker genes (Cidea, Ebf2, Pgc1α, PPARγ, Sirt1, and Tbx1) and an increase in UCP1 protein levels, which, however, did not achieve significance. Given the lack of known side effects of Pt, this study strengthens the candidacy of this natural phenol as an anti-obesity nutraceutical.

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