scholarly journals Cobalamin neuropathy. Is S-adenosylhomocysteine toxicity a factor?

1990 ◽  
Vol 266 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Vieira-Makings ◽  
J Metz ◽  
J Van der Westhuyzen ◽  
T Bottiglieri ◽  
I Chanarin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Fruit Bats ◽  
Intermittent Exposure ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Cobalamin neuropathy was produced in cape fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) by a cobalamin-free diet combined with intermittent exposure to nitrous oxide, which inactivates cobalamin. There were no significant differences in S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratios in the central nervous system of cobalamin-deficient and cobalamin-replete bats. Taken with other data there are no grounds of support for a hypothesis that cobalamin neuropathy is the result of impaired methylation, however produced.

Inflammatory response to nitrous oxide in the central nervous system

2008 ◽  
Vol 1246 ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Lehmberg ◽  
Maximilian Waldner ◽  
Alexander Baethmann ◽  
Eberhard Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Correlation of the ratio of S-adenosyl-l-methionine to S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of the pig: implications for the determination of this methylation ratio in human brain

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Weir ◽  
A. M. Molloy ◽  
J. N. Keating ◽  
P. B. Young ◽  
S. Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Neural Tissues ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Methylation Ratio

1. Pigs were maintained in air or in an atmosphere of nitrous oxide which dramatically changes the S-adenosyl-l-methionine to S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine ratio in neural tissues. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid, cortex, cerebellum and spinal cord were then extracted and analysed for S-adenosyl-l-methionine and S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine. Regression analyses were carried out on values obtained in cerebrospinal fluid and in neural tissues. 2. Highly significant correlations were obtained between levels of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (r2 = 0.42-0.69; P < 0.001) and S-adenosyl-l-methionine/S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine ratios (r2 = 0.56-0.65; P < 0.001) in cerebrospinal fluid and levels and ratios in cortex, cerebellum and spinal cord. The levels of S-adenosyl-l-methionine did not show a significant correlation. 3. We conclude that the ratio of these metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid may reflect the ratio in the central nervous system and we suggest that this may also be true in human tissues. This finding will permit the determination of the probable methylation ratio in the central nervous system in human conditions, such as vitamin B12 deficiency and acquired immune deficiency syndrome, where a similar myelopathy occurs to that seen in the nitrous oxide-treated pig. All three myelopathies may arise from an inhibition of methyltransferases involved in the synthesis of myelin that would occur when the methylation ratio is reduced.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Mammalian Bone Marrow Acetylcholinesterase

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mammalian Bone

Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) (ACHE) has been localized at cholinergic junctions both in the central nervous system and at the periphery and it functions in neurotransmission. ACHE was also found in other tissues without involvement in neurotransmission, but exhibiting the common property of transporting water and ions. This communication describes intracellular ACHE in mammalian bone marrow and its secretion into the extracellular medium.

Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
S.S. Spicer ◽  
B.A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

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