scholarly journals Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities in a hypercholesterolaemic (RICO) strain of rat. Effect of dietary cholesterol

1990 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Sultan ◽  
L E Cardona-Sanclemente ◽  
D Lagrange ◽  
C Lutton ◽  
S Griglio
Keyword(s):  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Hepatic Lipase ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Feeding ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Rate Limiting

Hepatic lipase (HL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were assayed in heparinized plasma from male normocholesterolaemic (SW) and genetically hypercholesterolaemic (RICO) rats. Both strains were fed on either a semi-purified control diet or the same diet enriched with 0.5% or 1% cholesterol. HL activity was similar in both groups of rats fed on the control diet. LPL activity was found to be significantly lower in RICO rats (35% decrease, P less than 0.05). Feeding with a high-cholesterol diet led to a decrease in HL activity (15-23%) in both groups of rats but no change was detected in LPL activity, which remained consistently lower in the RICO rats. Thus, with the control diet, LPL activity is lower in RICO rats but presumably is not rate-limiting for their triacylglycerol clearance, given the normal triacylglycerol levels present. After cholesterol feeding, however, the lower LPL activity may become rate-limiting together with the decrease in HL activity, as in these circumstances hypertriacylglycerolaemia was evident and the hypercholesterolaemia of this strain was further increased.

scholarly journals Hepatic lipase function and the accumulation of β-very-low-density lipoproteins in the plasma of cholesterol-fed rabbits

1993 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Chang ◽  
J Borensztajn
Keyword(s):  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Hepatic Lipase ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins

The accumulation of cholesterol-rich beta-very-low-density lipoproteins (beta-VLDL) in the plasma of rabbits fed on a high-fat high-cholesterol diet is due to a defect in the clearance of these lipoprotein remnants from circulation by the liver. In view of the evidence that hepatic lipase participates in the process of rapid removal of remnants from circulation, and considering that rabbits are naturally deficient in hepatic lipase, we examined whether this defect in the clearance of beta-VLDL could be reversed by exogenous hepatic lipase. We report that treatment in vitro of [3H]cholesterol-labelled beta-VLDL, or rat chylomicrons, with hepatic lipase resulted in the formation of particles that were rapidly cleared from circulation by the liver when injected intravenously into hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. These results are consistent with the notion that, in addition to the well-established requirement for lipoprotein lipase activity, the generation of remnants capable of being efficiently taken up by the liver also requires the action of hepatic lipase. Lipoprotein lipase acts on triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins to transform them into particles (remnants) which bind to the surface of liver cells, where they become accessible to hepatic lipase. Hepatocyte endocytosis of these remnants occurs only after further modification by hepatic lipase. According to this scheme, the results presented suggest that the accumulation of beta-VLDL in the circulation of rabbits fed on a high-fat high-cholesterol diet is the result of the saturation of the available hepatic lipase by abnormally high levels of lipoprotein-lipase-generated chylomicron remnants.

Effects of dietary flaxseed on vascular contractile function and atherosclerosis during prolonged hypercholesterolemia in rabbits

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (6) ◽  
pp. H2987-H2996 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. C. Dupasquier ◽  
A.-M. Weber ◽  
B. P. Ander ◽  
P. P. Rampersad ◽  
S. Steigerwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Function ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Relaxation Response ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions

Dietary flaxseed has significant anti-atherogenic effects. However, the limits of this action and its effects on vascular contractile function are not known. We evaluated the effects of flaxseed supplementation on atherosclerosis and vascular function under prolonged hypercholesterolemic conditions in New Zealand White rabbits assigned to one of four groups for 6, 8, or 16 wk of feeding: regular diet (RG), 10% flaxseed-supplemented diet (FX), 0.5% cholesterol-supplemented diet (CH), and 0.5% cholesterol- and 10% flaxseed-supplemented diet (CF). Cholesterol feeding resulted in elevated plasma cholesterol levels and the development of atherosclerosis. The CF group had significantly less atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and carotid arteries after 6 and 8 wk than the CH animals. However, the anti-atherogenic effect of flaxseed supplementation was completely attenuated by 16 wk. Maximal tension induced in aortic rings either by KCl or norepinephrine was not impaired by dietary cholesterol until 16 wk. This functional impairment was not prevented by including flaxseed in the high-cholesterol diet. Aortic rings from the cholesterol-fed rabbits exhibited an impaired relaxation response to acetylcholine at all time points examined. Including flaxseed in the high-cholesterol diet completely normalized the relaxation response at 6 and 8 wk and partially restored it at 16 wk. No significant changes in the relaxation response induced by sodium nitroprusside were observed in any of the groups. In summary, dietary flaxseed is a valuable strategy to limit cholesterol-induced atherogenesis as well as abnormalities in endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation. However, these beneficial effects were attenuated during prolonged hypercholesterolemic conditions.

High-cholesterol diet-induced lipoproteins stimulate lipoprotein lipase secretion in cultured rat alveolar macrophages

1987 ◽  
Vol 922 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsuko Mori ◽  
Nobuhiro Yamada ◽  
Shun Ishibashi ◽  
Masanobu Kawakami ◽  
Keiichi Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol

scholarly journals Improvement on high-cholesterol diet induced atherosclerosis, lipid profile, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in the liver of mice by Echinops spinosissimus Turra subsp. spinosus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donyez Frikha Dammak ◽  
Hajer Ben Saad ◽  
Emna Bouattour ◽  
Ons Boudawara ◽  
Raoudha Mezghani Jarraya
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers

Abstract Background Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Methods The present study investigates the possible mechanism of Echinops spinosissimus Turra subsp. spinosus ( E. s. spinosus ) flower on the high cholesterol diet. Results Our in vitro results demonstrated the richness of E.s. spinosus flower in antioxidant compounds, and its antioxidant activities. The co-administration of E.s. spinosus (100 or 200 mg/kg/day) with high-fat diet attenuated hepatotoxicity as monitored by the improvement of oxidative stress biomarkers and plasma lipid and liver parameters, when compared to the hypercholesterolemic mice. Atherogenic index and body weight were also reduced markedly, compared to control mice. These results were confirmed by the improvement of histological changes and DNA damage. Conclusion These data indicate that E.s. spinosus flower reduces the hypercholesterolemia risk and atherogenic properties of dietary cholesterol. Its hypocholesterolemic effect may be due to its antioxidant activities and its richness in bioactive molecule.

Cholesterol feeding does not alter renal hemodynamic response to acetylcholine and angiotensin II in rabbits

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (3) ◽  
pp. R940-R947
Author(s):  
J. F. Carroll ◽  
H. L. Mizelle ◽  
K. Cockrell ◽  
J. F. Reckelhoff ◽  
B. R. Clower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Aortic Ring ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Feeding ◽  
Renal Circulation ◽  
Renal Vascular ◽  
Renal Responses

Aortic ring studies have demonstrated a decrease in endothelium-dependent relaxation or an enhanced response to vasoconstrictors in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. Whether such abnormalities exist in the renal circulation is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine functional renal responses to acetylcholine (ACh) or angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion in anesthetized rabbits after 8-10 wk of either a control diet (ACh, n = 6; ANG II, n = 6) or a 1% cholesterol diet (ACh, n = 7; ANG II, n = 7). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal blood flow (RBF), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured. Renal vascular resistance (RVR) was calculated as MAP/RBF. For ANG II experiments, captopril (15 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was infused to suppress endogenous ANG II production. After two control clearance periods, either ACh (1 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) or ANG II (0.5 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was infused into the renal artery; RBF was allowed to stabilize before experimental clearances. RBF increased with ACh (control: 25 +/- 2 to 39 +/- 2 ml/min; cholesterol: 26 +/- 2 to 40 +/- 3 ml/min) and decreased with ANG II infusions (control: 40 +/- 4 to 25 +/- 3 ml/min; cholesterol: 36 +/- 3 to 24 +/- 2 ml/min). Nitrate/nitrite excretion also increased with ACh infusion (control: 2.3 +/- 1.0 to 5.2 +/- 1.8 nmol x kg(-1) x min(-1); cholesterol: 2.3 +/- 0.3 to 6.0 +/- 1.3 nmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)). However, there were no significant differences between control and cholesterol groups in either response. GFR was unaltered during ACh and ANG II infusions. MAP, RVR, and urinary sodium and potassium excretion did not differ between groups in response to either drug. These results suggest that, despite significant hypercholesterolemia and large-vessel atherosclerosis, both nitric oxideinduced vasodilation and endothelium-dependent modulation of ANG II vasoconstriction in the renal circulation are unaffected by cholesterol feeding.

scholarly journals Water Clover Extract in Liprotein Lipase enzyme Activity of The Rats with High Cholesterol Diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Dewinta Hayudanti
Keyword(s):  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Hypertriglyceridemia or high blood triglyceride levels is one of the lipid fraction disorders associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Flavonoids has an important role as cardioprotection by lowering triglyceride levels. The flavonoids in water clover contain 10,71 mg of extract. This research aims to prove that flavonoids can increase Lipoprotein Lipase enzymes activity. True experimental study used design pre-post test control group design in rats. The sample was selected based on by completed randomized design sampling to be devided into five groups, the control positive (n=5) were only given normal diet, control negative (n=5) were only given high cholesterol diet and treatment groups with three doses (n=15) were given cholesterol diet during the 7 days and water clover extract that intervention during the 14 days. The results of this research can increase activity of Lipoprotein Lipase enzymes as an influence of water clover extract based on Paired T-Test, before and after treatment there was a significant different (p<0.05). Activity of Lipoprotein Lipase enzymes in the negative control group and third treatment showed a significant difference (p.< 0.05) based on MANOVA (Multivariate Analyses of Variance). Conclusions of this research is water clover extract affecting increase Lipoprotein Lipase enzymes activity significantly.

scholarly journals Hepatic lipase deficiency produces glucose intolerance, inflammation and hepatic steatosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 227 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Andrés-Blasco ◽  
Andrea Herrero-Cervera ◽  
Ángela Vinué ◽  
Sergio Martínez-Hervás ◽  
Laura Piqueras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Hepatic Lipase ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus constitute a major problem to global health, and their incidence is increasing at an alarming rate. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which affects up to 90% of obese people and nearly 70% of the overweight, is commonly associated with MetS characteristics such as obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. In the present study, we demonstrate that hepatic lipase (HL)-inactivation in mice fed with a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet produced dyslipidemia including hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and increased non-esterified fatty acid levels. These changes were accompanied by glucose intolerance, pancreatic and hepatic inflammation and steatosis. In addition, compared with WT mice, HL−/− mice exhibited enhanced circulating MCP1 levels, monocytosis and higher percentage of CD4+Th17+ cells. Consistent with increased inflammation, livers from HL−/− mice had augmented activation of the stress SAPK/JNK- and p38-pathways compared with the activation levels of the kinases in livers from WT mice. Analysis of HL−/− and WT mice fed regular chow diet showed dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance in HL−/− mice without any other changes in inflammation or hepatic steatosis. Altogether, these results indicate that dyslipidemia induced by HL-deficiency in combination with a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet promotes hepatic steatosis and inflammation in mice which are, at least in part, mediated by the activation of the stress SAPK/JNK- and p38-pathways. Future studies are warranted to asses the viability of therapeutic strategies based on the modulation of these kinases to reduce hepatic steatosis associated to lipase dysfunction.

Effects of a High-cholesterol Diet on Cell Behavior in Rat Periodontitis

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 752-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tomofuji ◽  
H. Kusano ◽  
T. Azuma ◽  
D. Ekuni ◽  
T. Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Free Water ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Junctional Epithelium ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Blood Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cell Proliferative Activity

Studies have shown an association between periodontitis and serum cholesterol levels. We hypothesized that high dietary cholesterol could influence periodontitis as a result of proliferation of the junctional epithelium. Rats were divided into 4 groups. Two groups were fed a regular diet, and 2 groups were fed a high-cholesterol diet. One of each dietary group was treated with periodontitis-inducing agents (lipopolysaccharide and proteases), while the other was treated with pyrogen-free water. Feeding rats with a high-cholesterol diet induced an increase in blood total cholesterol and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Proliferation of the junctional epithelium with increasing bone resorption was promoted by the consumption of a high-cholesterol diet. High dietary cholesterol further increased the cell-proliferative activity of the junctional epithelium induced by lipopolysaccharide and proteases. These results suggest that high dietary cholesterol can initiate and augment periodontitis in the rat periodontitis model.

scholarly journals Sweet Potato Leaf Feeding Decreases Cholesterol, Oxidative Stress and Thrombosis Formation in Syrian Hamsters with a High-Cholesterol Diet

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Hao-Hsiang Chang ◽  
Yi-Chan Lan ◽  
Shiu-Dong Chung ◽  
Chiang-Ting Chien
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Potato Leaf

Nutritional strategies to reduce hyperlipidemia and the risk of cardiovascular disease are gaining more public favor and medical professionals’ attention. The authors of this study explored the effect of sweet potato leaf powder (SPLP) feeding on the parameters of plasma lipids, reactive oxygen species, and time to thrombosis formation in Syrian hamsters fed with high-cholesterol diets. The animals were separated into six groups: a feeding control diet, a control diet containing 0.1% cholesterol, a control diet containing 0.2% cholesterol, a control diet containing 0.1% cholesterol plus 2.5% SPLP, a control diet containing 0.1% cholesterol plus 5% SPLP, and a control diet containing 0.2% cholesterol plus 5% SPLP for six weeks. The levels of serum total cholesterol (51% increase), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (70.6% increase), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (51.3% increase), and the triglyceride and atherogenic index (LDL-C/HDL-C) significantly increased in the high-cholesterol diet groups. Concomitant 5% sweet potato leaf powder ingestion significantly decreased the lipid profiles, with a 20.6% total cholesterol reduction in the 0.1% cholesterol diet groups, a 17.2% reduction in the 0.2% group, a 48.7% LDL reduction in the 0.1% cholesterol group, and a 30.3% reduction in the 0.2% group, with a consequent decrease in the atherogenic index. SPLP feeding was found to be associated with increased fecal sterol contents, with a 188.6% increase in the 0.1% cholesterol-fed group and a 177.3% increase in the 0.2% group. The SPLP-fed groups had depressed ROS levels, elongated FeCl3-induced times to thrombosis formation, and increased liver superoxide dismutase contents and SREBP-1 protein expression. Sweet potato leaf intake could reduce plasma total cholesterol, LDL, and oxidative stress. We suggest sweet potato leaf intake as a choice of nutritional strategy for hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease prevention.

scholarly journals Dietary red palm oil reduces ischaemia–reperfusion injury in rats fed a hypercholesterolaemic diet

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maritza J. Kruger ◽  
Anna-Mart Engelbrecht ◽  
Johan Esterhuyse ◽  
Eugene F. du Toit ◽  
Jacques van Rooyen
Keyword(s):  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Mapk Phosphorylation ◽  
Red Palm Oil ◽  
Ischaemia Reperfusion

We have previously shown that dietary red palm oil (RPO) supplementation improves functional recovery in hearts subjected to ischaemia–reperfusion. However, little knowledge exists concerning the effects of RPO supplementation of a high-cholesterol diet on ischaemia–reperfusion injury. The signalling mechanisms responsible for RPO's effects in the presence of cholesterol also remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of RPO, given with a high-cholesterol diet, on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and apoptosis. Long–Evans rats were fed a control diet, a control diet containing 2 % cholesterol, or a control diet containing 2 % cholesterol and 7 g RPO per kg (CRPO) for 5 weeks. Hearts were excised and mounted on an isolated working heart perfusion apparatus. Cardiac function was measured after which hearts were freeze-clamped and used to assess MAPK phosphorylation and to evaluate apoptosis. Cholesterol supplementation caused a poor aortic output (AO) recovery compared with the control group (35·5 (sem 6·2) v. 55·4 (sem 2·5) %), but when RPO was added, the percentage AO increased significantly. The cholesterol group's poor AO was associated with a significant increase in p38-MAPK phosphorylation, whereas the CRPO-supplemented group showed as significant reduction in p38-MAPK phosphorylation when compared with the cholesterol-supplemented group. This significant reduction in p38-MAPK was also associated with reduced apoptosis as indicated by significant reductions in caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage.

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