scholarly journals Protective role of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate during CCl4 hepatotoxicity in rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
S B Rao ◽  
H M Mehendale
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase ◽  
Intermediary Metabolite ◽  
Ccl4 Treatment ◽  
Hepatocellular Regeneration ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate

Rats were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 (2.5 ml/kg body wt.) and the hepatotoxicity was compared with that of rats receiving the same dose of CCl4 and an intraperitoneal injection of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (2 g/kg body wt.). A 50-70% decrease in plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities was observed in the latter treatment, indicating a protective role of the sugar bisphosphate in CCl4 hepatotoxicity. The protection was accompanied by elevated hepatic activities of ornithine decarboxylase at 2, 6 and 24 h, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase at 6 h, and spermidine N1-acetyltransferase at 2 h. The increase in the enzymes involved in polyamine metabolism was shown in our previous work [Rao, Young & Mehendale (1989) J. Biochem. Toxicol. 4, 55-63] to correlate with increased polyamine synthesis or interconversion, which was related to the extent of hepatocellular regeneration. The hepatic contents of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and ATP significantly decreased after CCl4 treatment, and administration of the sugar bisphosphate increased hepatic ATP. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, an intermediary metabolite of the glycolytic pathway, may decrease CCl4 toxicity by increasing the ATP in the hepatocytes. The ATP generated is useful for hepatocellular regeneration and tissue repair, events which enable the liver to overcome CCl4 injury.

scholarly journals PTX3 Regulation of Inflammation, Hemostatic Response, Tissue Repair, and Resolution of Fibrosis Favors a Role in Limiting Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Doni ◽  
Alberto Mantovani ◽  
Barbara Bottazzi ◽  
Remo Castro Russo
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Fibrosis ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Protective Role

PTX3 is a soluble pattern recognition molecule (PRM) belonging to the humoral innate immune system, rapidly produced at inflammatory sites by phagocytes and stromal cells in response to infection or tissue injury. PTX3 interacts with microbial moieties and selected pathogens, with molecules of the complement and hemostatic systems, and with extracellular matrix (ECM) components. In wound sites, PTX3 interacts with fibrin and plasminogen and favors a timely removal of fibrin-rich ECM for an efficient tissue repair. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown origin, associated with excessive ECM deposition affecting tissue architecture, with irreversible loss of lung function and impact on the patient’s life quality. Maccarinelli et al. recently demonstrated a protective role of PTX3 using the bleomycin (BLM)-induced experimental model of lung fibrosis, in line with the reported role of PTX3 in tissue repair. However, the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of PTX3 in IPF remained to be investigated. Herein, we provide new insights on the possible role of PTX3 in the development of IPF and BLM-induced lung fibrosis. In mice, PTX3-deficiency was associated with worsening of the disease and with impaired fibrin removal and subsequently increased collagen deposition. In IPF patients, microarray data indicated a down-regulation of PTX3 expression, thus suggesting a potential rational underlying the development of disease. Therefore, we provide new insights for considering PTX3 as a possible target molecule underlying therapeutic intervention in IPF.

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY ORNITHINE AND METHIONINE ON GROWTH, CARCASS COMPOSITION, AND POLYAMINE METABOLISM IN THE CHICK

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Soy Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Chick Growth ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase ◽  
Regulatory Enzymes ◽  
Increased Activity

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of factorial combinations of dietary ornithine and methionine on chick growth, carcass composition, and the regulatory enzymes of polyamine synthesis. Week-old leghorn cockerel chicks were fed 12 soy protein-based semipurified diets containing 0.00, 0.50, 0.85 or 1.25% ornithine plus 0.55, 0.75 or 1.00% methionine for 2 wk. Weight gains were depressed as dietary methionine increased but only when ornithine was fed at less than 0.85%. Ornithine supplements depressed growth regardless of methionine levels. Carcass protein decreased with supplemental ornithine when methionine was fed at 0.55% but not at higher levels. Methionine supplements decreased carcass protein only in the absence of ornithine. Feeding 0.85% ornithine plus 0.55% methionine resulted in increased activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in heart, pancreas, and muscle when compared to the control diet containing 0.00% ornithine plus 0.55% methionine. Dietary ornithine supplements lowered ornithine decarboxylase activities in heart, pancreas, and liver regardless of methionine level. It can be concluded that there is a nutritional interrelationship between ornithine and methionine as indicated by their cumulative effects on growth, carcass composition, and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity.

scholarly journals Regulating Polyamine Metabolism by miRNAs in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler N. Kambis ◽  
Hadassha M. N. Tofilau ◽  
Flobater I. Gawargi ◽  
Surabhi Chandra ◽  
Paras K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Cardiac Metabolism ◽  
Translational Repression ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Insulin Like Activity

Abstract Purpose of Review Insulin is at the heart of diabetes mellitus (DM). DM alters cardiac metabolism causing cardiomyopathy, ultimately leading to heart failure. Polyamines, organic compounds synthesized by cardiomyocytes, have an insulin-like activity and effect on glucose metabolism, making them metabolites of interest in the DM heart. This review sheds light on the disrupted microRNA network in the DM heart in relation to developing novel therapeutics targeting polyamine biosynthesis to prevent/mitigate diabetic cardiomyopathy. Recent Findings Polyamines prevent DM-induced upregulation of glucose and ketone body levels similar to insulin. Polyamines also enhance mitochondrial respiration and thereby regulate all major metabolic pathways. Non-coding microRNAs regulate a majority of the biological pathways in our body by modulating gene expression via mRNA degradation or translational repression. However, the role of miRNA in polyamine biosynthesis in the DM heart remains unclear. Summary This review discusses the regulation of polyamine synthesis and metabolism, and its impact on cardiac metabolism and circulating levels of glucose, insulin, and ketone bodies. We provide insights on potential roles of polyamines in diabetic cardiomyopathy and putative miRNAs that could regulate polyamine biosynthesis in the DM heart. Future studies will unravel the regulatory roles these miRNAs play in polyamine biosynthesis and will open new doors in the prevention/treatment of adverse cardiac remodeling in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

scholarly journals Inhibition of spermidine formation in rat liver and kidney by methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone)

1973 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Pegg
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The effect of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), a substance known to inhibit putrescine-dependent S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase, on polyamine metabolism in liver and kidney was investigated. Almost complete inhibition of the incorporation of putrescine into spermidine was obtained up to 8h after administration of 80mg of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone)/kg body wt. by intraperitoneal injection. However, by 20h after administration of the inhibitor spermidine synthesis was resumed. Considerable accumulation of putrescine occurred during this period (up to 3 times control concentrations in both tissues), but there was only a slight fall in the spermidine content. These results suggest that the putrescine-activated S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase plays an essential role in spermidine biosynthesis in rat liver and kidney, and the possibility of using methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) to study the role of polyamine synthesis in growth is discussed.

Effect of galactosamine on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism: Protective role of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

Hepatology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarbas R. de Oliveira ◽  
Jose Luis Rosa ◽  
Santiago Ambrosio ◽  
Ramon Bartrons
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate

scholarly journals S-Adenosylmethionine metabolism and its relation to polyamine synthesis in rat liver. Effect of nutritional state, adrenal function, some drugs and partial hepatectomy

1977 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terho O. Eloranta ◽  
Aarne M. Raina
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Nutritional State ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase ◽  
Nutritional Conditions

S-Adenosylmethionine metabolism and its relation to the synthesis and accumulation of polyamines was studied in rat liver under various nutritional conditions, in adrenalectomized or partially hepatectomized animals and after treatment with cortisol, thioacetamide or methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) {1,1′-[(methylethanediylidine)dinitrilo]diguanidine}. Starvation for 2 days only slightly affected S-adenosylmethionine metabolism. The ratio of spermidine/spermine decreased markedly, but the concentration of total polyamines did not change significantly. The activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase initially decreased and then increased during prolonged starvation. This increase was dependent on intact adrenals. Re-feeding of starved animals caused a rapid but transient stimulation of polyamine synthesis and also increased the concentrations of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine. Similarly, cortisol treatment enhanced the synthesis of polyamines, S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine. Feeding with a methionine-deficient diet for 7–14 days profoundly increased the concentration of spermidine, whereas the concentrations of total polyamines and of S-adenosylmethionine showed no significant changes. The results show that nutritional state and adrenal function play a significant role in the regulation of hepatic metabolism of S-adenosylmethionine and polyamines. They further indicate that under a variety of physiological and experimental conditions the concentrations of S-adenosylmethionine and of total polyamines remain fairly constant and that changes in polyamine metabolism are not primarily connected with changes in the accumulation of S-adenosylmethionine or S-adenosylhomocysteine.

scholarly journals Polyamine Metabolism in Fungi with Emphasis on Phytopathogenic Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Valdés-Santiago ◽  
José Antonio Cervantes-Chávez ◽  
Claudia Geraldine León-Ramírez ◽  
José Ruiz-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Host Fungus ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Living Organisms

Polyamines are essential metabolites present in all living organisms, and this subject has attracted the attention of researchers worldwide interested in defining their mode of action in the variable cell functions in which they are involved, from growth to development and differentiation. Although the mechanism of polyamine synthesis is almost universal, different biological groups show interesting differences in this aspect that require to be further analyzed. For these studies, fungi represent interesting models because of their characteristics and facility of analysis. During the last decades fungi have contributed to the understanding of polyamine metabolism. The use of specific inhibitors and the isolation of mutants have allowed the manipulation of the pathway providing information on its regulation. During host-fungus interaction polyamine metabolism suffers striking changes in response to infection, which requires examination. Additionally the role of polyamine transporter is getting importance because of its role in polyamine regulation. In this paper we analyze the metabolism of polyamines in fungi, and the difference of this process with other biological groups. Of particular importance is the difference of polyamine biosynthesis between fungi and plants, which makes this process an attractive target for the control of phytopathogenic fungi.

Effect of l,3-diaminopropan-2-o1, an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, on the metabolic response of liver to insulin

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1493-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wan Hu ◽  
Douglas E. Hall ◽  
Margaret E. Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

The effect of diaminopropanol, an inhibitor of polyamine synthesis, on the metabolic response of liver to insulin was studied in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Insulin elicited a prompt and very marked increase in ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activities and in putrescine concentration. Pretreatment of rats with diaminopropanol prevented the increase in the decarboxylases and resulted in decreased spermidine and spermine content of liver. The insulin-induced increase in glycogen content was depressed by 50% and the increase in the rate of lipogenesis in vivo was completely prevented by prior injection of diaminopropanol. These studies implicate altered polyamine metabolism in the metabolic response of liver of streptozotocin-diabetic rats to insulin.

Protective role of peroxiredoxin-4 in heart failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Masooma Naseem ◽  
Javeria Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Consequent Increase ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Recently, we have read with great interest the article published by Ibarrola et al. (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2018) 132, 1471–1485), which used proteomics and immunodetection methods to show that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) down-regulated the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx-4) in cardiac fibroblasts. Authors concluded that ‘antioxidant activity of Prx-4 had been identified as a protein down-regulated by Gal-3. Moreover, Gal-3 induced a decrease in total antioxidant capacity which resulted in a consequent increase in peroxide levels and oxidative stress markers in cardiac fibroblasts.’ We would like to point out some results stated in the article that need further investigation and more detailed discussion to clarify certain factors involved in the protective role of Prx-4 in heart failure.

Parenting Behaviors and Anxiety in Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Stevens ◽  
Joseph R. Bardeen ◽  
Kyle W. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Effortful Control ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Parental Overprotection ◽  
High Control ◽  
Development Of Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Parenting behaviors – specifically behaviors characterized by high control, intrusiveness, rejection, and overprotection – and effortful control have each been implicated in the development of anxiety pathology. However, little research has examined the protective role of effortful control in the relation between parenting and anxiety symptoms, specifically among adults. Thus, we sought to explore the unique and interactive effects of parenting and effortful control on anxiety among adults (N = 162). Results suggest that effortful control uniquely contributes to anxiety symptoms above and beyond that of any parenting behavior. Furthermore, effortful control acted as a moderator of the relationship between parental overprotection and anxiety, such that overprotection is associated with anxiety only in individuals with lower levels of effortful control. Implications for potential prevention and intervention efforts which specifically target effortful control are discussed. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences in self-regulatory abilities when examining associations between putative early-life risk factors, such as parenting, and anxiety symptoms.

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