scholarly journals Metabolism of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids by normal and Zellweger syndrome skin fibroblasts

1989 ◽  
Vol 260 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Street ◽  
D W Johnson ◽  
H Singh ◽  
A Poulos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Zellweger Syndrome ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Skin Fibroblasts

The metabolism of 1-11C-labelled derivatives of palmitic (C16:0), arachidonic (C20:4,n-6) lignoceric (C21:0) and tetracosatetraenoic (C24:4,n-6) acids was studied in normal skin fibroblast cultures and in cultures of fibroblasts from peroxisome-deficient (Zellweger's syndrome) patients. Radiolabelled products of the fatty acids included carbon dioxide. C14-24 saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids formed from released acetate either by synthesis de novo or by elongation of endogenous fatty acids, fatty acids formed by 2-6-carbon elongation of added substrates, and a number of water-soluble compounds, some of which were tentatively identified as the amino acids glutamine, glutamic acid and asparagine. The labelled amino acids were found predominantly in the culture medium. Zellweger's syndrome fibroblasts showed a marked decrease in radiolabelled carbon dioxide and water-soluble-product formation from (I-14C)-labelled arachidonic, tetracosatetraenoic and lignoceric acids but not from [I-14C]palmitic acid, and the production of radiolabelled C14-18 fatty acids was also diminished. However, the elongation of individual fatty acids was either normal or above normal. Our data support the view that the oxidation of 20:4, 24:4 and 24:0 fatty acids in cultured skin fibroblasts takes place largely in peroxisomes, and further that the acetyl-CoA released by the beta-oxidation process is available for the synthesis of fatty acids and amino acids. We speculate that the generation of C2 units used for synthesis is a major peroxisomal function and that this function is absent or greatly impaired in Zellweger's syndrome cells.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Bifunctional Molecules for the Production of Polymers Based on Unsaturated Fatty Acids as Bioderived Raw Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
Alessa Hinzmann ◽  
Selina Sophie Druhmann ◽  
Harald Gröger
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Bifunctional Molecules ◽  
Biorenewable Resources ◽  
Aldoxime Dehydratase

Currently, investigations of polymer-building blocks made from biorenewable feedstocks such as, for example, fatty acids, are of high interest for the chemical industry. An alternative synthesis of nitrile-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acids as precursors for ω-amino acids, which are useful to produce polymers, was investigated starting from biorenewable fatty acids. By hydroformylation of unsaturated fatty acids or unsaturated acids being accessible from unsaturated fatty acids by cross-metathesis reactions, aldehydes are formed. In this work, the hydroformylation of such unsaturated acids led to the formation of the corresponding aldehydes, which were afterwards converted with hydroxylamine to aldoximes. Subsequent dehydration by an aldoxime dehydratase as a biocatalyst or by CuII acetate led to the desired nitriles. Within this work, C7-, C9- and C11-carboxylic acids with a terminal nitrile functionality as well as a branched nitrile-functionalized stearate derivative were synthesized by means of this approach. As these nitriles serve as precursors for amino acids being suitable for polymerization, this work represents an alternative synthetic access to polyamide precursors, which starts directly from unsaturated fatty acids as biorenewable resources and avoids harsh reaction conditions as well as and by-product formation.

Study on Synthesis of Tert-Butyl(4R)-4-(Methoxymethylcarbamoyl)-2,2-Dimethylthiazolidine-3- Carboxylate

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 555-557
Author(s):  
Shuang Lin Qin ◽  
Lin Jun Tang ◽  
Gao Peng Wang ◽  
Li Ping Wang ◽  
Fei Fei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Water Soluble Vitamin ◽  
Fixation Of Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Metabolic Cycle

Tert-butyl (4R)-4-(methoxymethylcarbamoyl)-2,2-dimethylthiazolidine-3-carboxylate, an key intermediate of the natural product Biotin which is a water-soluble vitamin, involved in an essential part of the metabolic cycle causing catalytic fixation of carbon dioxide in the biosynthesis of fatty acids, sugars, and α-amino acids, was synthesized from L-cystine in overall yield 54% through three steps. The study including acetonization, Boc protection, N-methoxy-N-methyl amidation.

Study on Synthesis of (R)-Methyl 2-((Tert-Butoxycarbonyl)Amino)-3-((Tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)Thio)Propanoate

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 596-598
Author(s):  
Shuang Lin Qin ◽  
Lin Jun Tang ◽  
Li Ping Wang ◽  
Gao Peng Wang ◽  
Fei Fei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble Vitamin ◽  
Fixation Of Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Metabolic Cycle

(R)-methyl 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl) thio) propanoate, an key intermediate of the natural product Biotin which is a water-soluble vitamin, involved in an essential part of the metabolic cycle causing catalytic fixation of carbon dioxide in the biosynthesis of fatty acids, sugars, and α-amino acids, was synthesized from L-cystine in overall yield 67% through three steps, which synthesis included esterification, protection of amine and thiol.

scholarly journals Metabolism of saturated and polyunsaturated very-long-chain fatty acids in fibroblasts from patients with defects in peroxisomal β-oxidation

1990 ◽  
Vol 269 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Street ◽  
H Singh ◽  
A Poulos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The metabolism of [1-14C]lignoceric acid (C24:0) and [1-14C]tetracosatetraenoic acid (C24:4, n-6) was studied in normal skin fibroblast cultures and in cultures from patients with defects in peroxisomal β-oxidation (but normal peroxisomal numbers). Cells from X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) patients with a presumed defect in a peroxisomal acyl-CoA synthetase, specific for fatty acids of carbon chain lengths greater than 22 (very-long-chain fatty acids; VLCFA), showed a relatively normal production of radiolabelled CO2 and water-soluble metabolites from [1-14C]C24:0. However, the products of synthesis from acetate de novo (released by β-oxidation), i.e. C16 and C18 fatty acids, were decreased, and carbon chain elongation of the fatty acid was increased. In contrast, cell lines from two patients with an unidentified lesion in peroxisomal β-oxidation (peroxisomal disease, PD) showed a marked deficiency in CO2 and water-soluble metabolite production, a decreased synthesis of C16 and C18 fatty acids and an increase in carbon chain elongation. The relatively normal β-oxidation activity of ALD cells appears to be related to low uptake of substrate, as a defect in β-oxidation is apparent when measurements are performed on cell suspensions under high uptake conditions. Oxidation of [1-14C]C24:4 was relatively normal in ALD cells and in the cells from one PD patient but abnormal in those from the other. Our data suggest that, despite the deficiency in VLCFA CoA synthetase, ALD cells retain a near normal ability to oxidize both saturated and polyunsaturated VLCFA under some culture conditions. However, acetate released by β-oxidation of the saturated VLCFA and, to a much lesser degree, the polyunsaturated VLCFA, appears to be used preferentially for the production of CO2 and water-soluble products, and acetate availability for fatty acid synthesis in other subcellular compartments is markedly decreased. It is likely that the increased carbon chain elongation of the saturated VLCFA which is also observed reflects the increased availability of substrate (C24:0) and/or an increase in microsomal elongation activity in ALD cells.

Effect of unsaturated fatty acids on glycation product formation pathways

2021 ◽  
pp. 110288
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
Bo Ye ◽  
Haixia Yan ◽  
Yingbo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Glycation Product

scholarly journals Opportunistic feeding on various organic food sources by the cold-water coral <i>Lophelia pertusa</i>

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Mueller ◽  
A. I. Larsson ◽  
B. Veuger ◽  
J. J. Middelburg ◽  
D. van Oevelen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Opportunistic Feeding ◽  
Water Coral

Abstract. The ability of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa to exploit different food sources was investigated under standardized conditions in a flume. The tested food sources, dissolved organic matter (DOM, added as dissolved free amino acids), bacteria, algae, and zooplankton (Artemia) were deliberately enriched in 13C and 15N. The incorporation of 13C and 15N was traced into bulk tissue, fatty acids, hydrolysable amino acids, and the skeleton (13C only) of L. pertusa. Incorporation rates of carbon (ranging from 0.8–2.4 μg C g−1 DW d–1) and nitrogen (0.2–0.8 μg N g−1 DW d–1) into coral tissue did not differ significantly among food sources indicating an opportunistic feeding strategy. Although total food assimilation was comparable among sources, subsequent food processing was dependent on the type of food source ingested and recovery of assimilated C in tissue compounds ranged from 17% (algae) to 35% (Artemia). De novo synthesis of individual fatty acids by L. pertusa occurred in all treatments as indicated by the 13C enrichment of individual phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFAs) in the coral that were absent in the added food sources. This indicates that the coral might be less dependent on its diet as a source of specific fatty acids than expected, with direct consequences for the interpretation of in situ observations on coral nutrition based on lipid profiles.

scholarly journals Research Regarding Dynamics of Chemical Content from Pasteurized Egg Melange Stored in Polyethylene Type Packings

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
Roxana Nicoleta Ratu ◽  
Marius Giorgi Usturoi ◽  
Daniel Simeanu ◽  
Cristina Simeanu ◽  
Alexandru Usturoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Chemical Content

n the current paper, we aimed to analyze the way in which packing (different polyethylene types) influence the quality of pasteurized melange during storage, packing being realized in units of 1 kg (Tetra Pak) (batch Lexp-1) and units of 5 kg (Bag in box) (batch Lexp-2). Products were stored during a period of 28 days at a temperature of +4�C, qualitative determinations being realized in first day (day 0), at 7 days, at 14 days, 21 days and in day 28 of storage. Were effectuated a sensorial examination and chemical analysis were was established the content in dry matter (%), water (%), proteins (%), content in essential amino acids (isoleucine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine) and non-essential amino acids (alanine, histidine, glycine, serine) (mg/100g) as well as the content in lipids (%) establishing their profile by identification of some saturated fatty acids (16:0 mg/100g and 18:0 mg/100g) and unsaturated fatty acids (16:1 mg/100g and 18:1 mg/100g). After sensorial examinations, the first modifications were observed at the checking effectuated in day 21 for batch Lexp-2, the obtained score being of 18 points, and at checking effectuated in day 28 was given a score of 18 points for melange belonging to batch Lexp-1 and only 14 points for melange from batch Lexp-2. Differences were recorded also in case of chemical composition of products, so for protein content at batch Lexp-1 in first checking day was obtained a mean of 12.730�0.24% and at batch Lexp-2 12.614�0.22%. Differences between those two batches were insignificant (p[0.05). In case of fat content, at the end of storage period was obtained a mean of 11.256�0.06% for batch Lexp-1 and 11.244�0.11% for batch Lexp-2, differences being insignificant (p [ 0.05). Regarding the profile of amino acids and fatty acids, the mean values obtained during whole storage period oscillated from one stage to another, but the differences between those two batches were insignificant (p [ 0.05). Pasteurized egg melange suffers certain sensorial modifications during storage, especially on consistency and colouring, modifications which are accentuated mainly by storage conditions. Type of polyethylene utilized for this product hadn�t influenced the nutritive qualities of product.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical characteristics and fatty acids composition of seeds oil isolated from Camelina sativa (L) cultivated in Mongolia

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 80-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Chantsalnyam ◽  
Ch Otgonbayar ◽  
O Enkhtungalag ◽  
P Odonmajig
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Camelina sativa L is a cruciferous oilseed plant. This plant is cultivated as an oilseed crop mainly in Europe and in North America and over the past years the cultivation has arranged in our country. The analyzed oil is obtained from the seeds of Camelina sativa L, growing in Bornuur, Tuv province. The goal of this study was to determine the physical and chemical characteristics and fatty acids composition of Camelina sativa L seed oil cultivated in Mongolia. According to our analysis total lipid was determined 38.52 %, moisture 4.80 % and total mineral elements 4.02 %, respectively. Mineral elements in Camelina sativa L seeds contain calcium (0.56 %), phosphorous (1.22 %), potassium (1.39 %), magnesium (0.53 %) in dominated amounts; iron, zinc, manganese and copper in trace amounts. Eight nonessential amino acids in seeds of this plant with total amount of 75.9 % were identified; phenylalanine was detected in highest amount among the all identified amino acids, while lysine, tryptophan and arginine are followed. The following characteristics in Camelina sativa seeds oil were determined. The refractive index was 1.4774 at 20°C, the peroxide value of fresh oil was 0.03 meq H2O2 /kg, saponification value 185.8 mg KOH/g, iodine value 143.33 g J2 and acidic value 6.27 mg KOH /g. Carotenoid was determined as 16.77 mg %, by spectrometry in Camelina sativa seeds oil. The analysis of fatty acids composition showed that there are 12.5 % saturated and 87.5 % unsaturated fatty acids. In particular, oleic acid (C18:1) 14.0 %, linoleic acid (C18:2) 9.0 %, α-linolenic acid (C18:3) 10.5 % and gondoic acid (C20:1) 32.8 %, were composed the major part of unsaturated fatty acids. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.205 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p80-83

scholarly journals RECEIVING OIL FROM CLOUDBERRIES FRUITS BY SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE EXTRACTION

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Artyom Dmitrievich Ivakhnov ◽  
Kristina Sergeevna Sadkova ◽  
Alina Sergeyevna Sobashnikova ◽  
Tat'yana Eduardovna Skrebets ◽  
Mikhail Vladislavovich Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
Rubus Chamaemorus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Comparative researches of ways of oil extraction from the fulfilled fruits of cloudberries (Rubus chamaemorus) with application of hexane and supercritical carbon dioxide as solvents are executed. Optimization is performed and optimum conditions of supercritical fluid extraction of oil are defined with use of central composite design of 2nd order. Pressure of carbon dioxide of 350 atm, temperature 85 °C, duration of extraction of 80 min are the optimum conditions of carrying out of the process. The yield of oil is 9.0%. Quality key indicators of the received oil were defined. The difference between the oil received by the SKF-CO2 method and the oil received by hexane extraction consists in improvement of organoleptic properties, the raised share of the combined fatty acids at decrease of a share of the free acids and high content of unsaturated fatty acids. It is shown that supercritical carbon dioxide can be an alternative to the hydrocarbons which are traditionally used for these purposes.

scholarly journals Analysis of biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of nuts sold in the consumer marke

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
L. P. Nilova ◽  
S. M. Malyutenkova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Triton X

The results of studies of the biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of nuts sold in the consumer market of St. Petersburg were presented in the work. The objects of research were kernels of nuts: sweet almonds, hazelnuts, cashews, walnuts. Total Soxhlet lipids, fatty acid composition, vitamin E, fractional composition of tocopherols and phytosterols, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, antioxidant activity by FRAP with ferric chloride, o-phenanthroline and Triton X 100 were determined in nuts. Nuts varied in lipid content (42.6–65.4%) with a predominance of unsaturated fatty acids from 80.4 to 92.4 relative%. Oleic acid prevailed in the fatty acids of almonds, hazelnuts and cashews, while linoleic acid prevailed in walnuts. Walnuts contained the highest amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The antioxidant properties of nuts were formed by a complex of water and fat-soluble antioxidants. Fat-soluble antioxidants included vitamin E with a predominance of ?-tocopherol in the kernels of sweet almonds and hazelnuts, ?-tocopherol - in walnuts and cashews. Only sweet almond kernels contained all the tocopherol fractions. ?- and ?-tocopherols were absent in hazelnut lipids, while ?-tocopherols were absent in cashews and walnuts. ?-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol with a predominance of ?-sitosterol were identified in the composition of phytosterols in all nut kernels. Water-soluble antioxidants are mainly represented by phenolic compounds, the amount of which varies widely depending on the type of nuts: cashews

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