scholarly journals Unconventional codon reading by Mycoplasma mycoides tRNAs as revealed by partial sequence analysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 258 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y S Guindy ◽  
T Samuelsson ◽  
T I Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Codon Position ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Codon Reading ◽  
Unconventional Method

Continuing our investigation of the tRNA genes and gene products in Mycoplasma mycoides, we report the sequence of the gene for tRNALeu (CAA) as well as partial primary structures of the following tRNAs: Leu (CAA), Leu (UAG), Arg (UCU), Thr (AGU) and Ile (CAU). It is suggested that in M. mycoides, at least some of the family codon boxes are read by only one tRNA each, using an unconventional method which does not discriminate between the nucleotides in the third codon position. M. mycoides is the first free-living organism known to use an unconventional method of this kind.

The first known riodinid ‘cuckoo’ butterfly reveals deep-time convergence and parallelism in ant social parasites

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas A Kaminski ◽  
Luis Volkmann ◽  
Curtis J Callaghan ◽  
Philip J DeVries ◽  
Roger Vila
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Social Parasitism ◽  
Social Parasites ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ant Nest ◽  
Evolutionary Pathways

Abstract Mutualistic interactions between butterflies and ants can evolve into complex social parasitism. ‘Cuckoo’ caterpillars, known only in the Lycaenidae, use multimodal mimetic traits to achieve social integration into ant societies. Here, we present the first known ‘cuckoo’ butterfly in the family Riodinidae. Aricoris arenarum remained in taxonomic limbo for > 80 years, relegated to nomen dubium and misidentified as Aricoris gauchoana. We located lost type material, designated lectotypes and documented the morphology and natural history of the immature stages. The multifaceted life cycle of A. arenarum can be summarized in three phases: (1) females lay eggs close to honeydew-producing hemipterans tended by specific Camponotus ants; (2) free-living caterpillars feed on liquids (honeydew and ant regurgitations); and (3) from the third instar onward, the caterpillars are fed and tended by ants as ‘cuckoos’ inside the ant nest. This life cycle is remarkably similar to that of the Asian lycaenid Niphanda fusca, despite divergence 90 Mya. Comparable eco-evolutionary pathways resulted in a suite of ecomorphological homoplasies through the ontogeny. This study shows that convergent interactions can be more important than phylogenetic proximity in shaping functional traits of social parasites.

Zakat as a Measure of Social Justice in Islamic Finance : An Accountant’s Overview

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranam Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Additional Amount ◽  
Important Form

Zakat is an important form of religiously mandated charity under Islam. It is the third pillar of Islam. The giving of Zakat is important for Muslims, as this leads to purification of their wealth from all sins. This paper examines the role of Zakat as an instrument of social justice and poverty eradication in society. Each Muslim calculates his or her own Zakat individually. Generally, this involves the payment each year of two and a half percent of one's capital, after the needs of the family have been met. One can donate additional amount as an act of voluntary charity but Zakat is fundamental to every Muslim. Zakat is the Islamic contribution to social justice: those who have to give charity share the benefit of their prosperity to those who have fallen short. This is the Islamic approach to remove greed and envy and to purify one's soul based on good intentions. This is the institution of Zakat in Islam. The institution of Zakat serves to eradicate poverty in the community and uphold the light of Islam. Allah says “whatever is paid as Zakat for the sake of Allah shall be rewarded in manifolds”.

Quantification of Biological Resistance: Introducing a Unifying Unit and Scale of Resistance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Fullybright
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Biological Resistance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Exact Measurement ◽  
Unit Function ◽  
Third Law ◽  
Accurate Quantification

Accurate quantification of biological resistance has been impossible so far. Among the various forms of biological resistance which exist in nature, pathogen resistance to drugs is a familiar one. However, as in the case of other forms of resistance, accurately quantifying drug resistance in pathogens has been impossible up to now. Here, we introduce a mathematically-defined and uniform procedure for the absolute quantification of biological resistance deployed by any living organism in the biological realm, including and beyond drug resistance in medicine. The scheme introduced makes possible the exact measurement or computation of the extent to which resistance is deployed by any living organism regardless of kingdom and regardless of the mechanism of resistance involved. Furthermore, the Second Law of Resistance indicating that resistance has the potential to increase to infinite levels, and the Third Law of Resistance indicating that resistance comes to an end once interaction stops, the resistance unit function introduced here is fully compatible with both the Second and Third Laws of Resistance.

Factor X Deficiency Due to a Compound Heterozygosis Between a New Mutation (Gla72Asp) in Exon 2 and an Already Known one (Gly154Arg) in Exon 5: Factor X Mar Del Plata1)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Antonio Girolami ◽  
Diana Noemi Garcia de Paoletti ◽  
Marcelo Leonardo Nenkies ◽  
Silvia Ferrari ◽  
Hugo Guglielmone
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Tendency ◽  
Bleeding Disorders ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Substitution Therapy ◽  
New Mutation ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factor X Deficiency ◽  
The Family

Background: Investigation of rare bleeding disorders in Latin-America. Objective: The report of a new case of FX deficiency due to a compound heterozygosis. Methods: Accepted clotting procedures were used. Sequencing of DNA was carried out by means of Applied Biosystems Instruments. Results: A compound heterozygote due to the association of a new mutation (Gla72Asp) with an already known mutation (Gly154Arg) of the FX gene is reported. The proposita is a 38 year old female who had a moderate bleeding tendency (menorrhagia, epistaxis, easy bruising). The proposita has never received substitution therapy but in the occasion of a uterine biopsy. The mother was asymptomatic but was a heterozygote for the new mutation. The father was asymptomatic but had deserted the family and could not be investigated. After this abandonment the mother of the proposita re-married with an asymptomatic man and she gave birth to a son who was asymptomatic but was also heterozygous for the new mutation (Gla72Asp). As a consequence it has to be assumed that the first husband of the mother of the proposita was heterozygous for the known mutation (Gly154Arg). Conclusion: This is the third case of a new mutation in the FX gene reported, during the past few years, in Argentina.

Ennius’ imago between Tomb and Text

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Martelli
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
The Family

Between the third and first centuries BCE, a tomb near the Via Appia not only served as a funerary monument for the Scipiones but was also believed to have once contained the statue of a man from outside the family: Quintus Ennius. This chapter considers how Ennius’ poetry and portrait contributed to the circulation of political prestige. Linking the story of his statue to a later image of the poet in Varro’s De poetis, it argues that Varro’s collection of author portraits and the practice of erecting busts of authors in libraries are best seen as a form of entombment—situating the poet’s imago alongside those of his literary forebears in a space that recognizes their identity as a group, much like the tomb of the Scipiones, or, indeed, any Roman atrium that collects the imagines of a family’s ancestors.

scholarly journals Diunsa: An Entrepreneurial Family’s Digital Response to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 251512742110331
Author(s):  
Lauri Union ◽  
Carmen Suen ◽  
Rubén Mancha
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Service Operations ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Supply Chain Disruptions ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
External Resources ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Brick And Mortar

On March 15, 2020, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Honduran government unexpectedly announced a state of emergency and mandated immediate closure of all businesses. Diunsa closed its six stores. The family-owned retailer had anticipated supply chain disruptions, stocked from alternative suppliers, and formed a crisis management team. Now, to keep the business afloat during the unexpected closure and retain all its employees on the payroll, the company had to move sales from the brick-and-mortar stores to an incomplete online retail site. The third generation in the family business—the Faraj siblings, all in their 20’s—led the critical transition online and response to setbacks. As digital-native millennials, they helped improve the website, customer service, operations, and delivery in a short amount of time and using external resources and various technologies. As the situation stabilized, Diunsa’s leadership asked: How will Diunsa build on the momentum for digital transformation and turn its tactical actions into a digital strategy? How can we continue to tap into the leadership of our up-and-coming generation to achieve these goals?

scholarly journals How to talk with the family of a dying patient: anger to understanding, rage to compassion, loss to acceptance

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2021-002971
Author(s):  
Moshe Y Flugelman
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Single Entity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Patient Families ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dying Patient

Informing families about the impending or actual death of their relatives is one of the most challenging and complex tasks a physician may face. The following article describes goal setting and provides five roles/recommendations for conducting the encounter with patient families regarding the imminent or actual death of their relatives. Importantly, the encounter should be family-centred, and the physician should be highly attentive to family needs. The following roles should be applied based on family needs and should not be sequential as numbered. The first and basic role is to inform the family at the earliest possible time and as often as possible. The second goal of the physician is to convey to the family that their relative received the needed therapy during his hospitalisation or in the community. The third goal of the physician is to help the family reach acceptance of the death of their relative and leave the hospital having moved beyond anger and bargaining. The fourth goal of the physician during the encounters is to reduce or alleviate guilt by stating that nothing could have changed the course of the disease and that all efforts were made to save the patient. The fifth role of the physician is to try and help the family as a single entity and maintain their unity during this stressful situation. Following these roles/methods will help families in the stressful situation and will create the difference between anger and understanding, rage and compassion, and loss and acceptance.

Strategies to increase compliance with out-patient aftercare among patients referred to a psychiatric emergency department: a multi-centre controlled intervention study

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. SPOOREN ◽  
C. VAN HEERINGEN ◽  
C. JANNES
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Psychiatric Emergency ◽  
Family Presence ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Family ◽  
Referral Compliance ◽  
Motivational Counselling

Background. Compliance with referral for out-patient aftercare of psychiatric emergency patients is limited. This study investigated the efficacy of a combination of several referral strategies (fixed appointment, involvement of the family, presence of the aftercare person, motivational counselling) in increasing referral and treatment compliance of patients referred to the psychiatric emergency department of three general hospitals.Methods. A randomized controlled design was used to assess the effect of this experimental condition on referral compliance and on continuation of aftercare treatment.Results. A significant beneficial effect on compliance with the referral was found in two hospitals and a near-significant effect in the third. After 3 months of aftercare, the influence of the experimental procedure on adherence to therapy was still significant in two hospitals, but not in the third.Conclusions. Helping the patient to attend an initial appointment can be achieved by a combination of practical and organizational arrangements.

Familism and Ancestor Veneration: A Look at Chinese Funeral Rites

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Yeo Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Major Obstacle ◽  
Rite Of Passage ◽  
Ancestor Veneration ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe

Ancestor veneration remains a major obstacle to conversion among the Chinese the world over. While the issue often comes to a head over funeral rites, ancestor veneration cannot be understood in isolation. Rather one must look at the broader issues of the cult of the family, a tenet propagated by Confucius, putting loyalty to the family above every other claim including that of the gods or the state. There was also the influence of Taoism which sees the universe as a living organism co-existing in interdependence. The family then is not just a sociological unit, but also a metaphysical unit with ancestral spirits helping to keep the fragile balance which their descendants have with the rest of the universe and with other spirits. Finally, we must not forget that death is a psychological trauma and that living relatives often need a rite of passage to remember and to grieve for the dead. Ancestor veneration then is not a simple act that can be abolished by deciding which rituals in a funeral are biblical and which are not. Rather it is part of a complex web that needs to be understood in its totality. This paper, written by a Chinese and first-generation Christian, attempts to do that.

Trimethylaminuria (‘fish-odour syndrome’): A study of an affected family

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makram Al-Waiz ◽  
Riad Ayesh ◽  
Stephen C. Mitchell ◽  
Jeffrey R. Idle ◽  
Robert L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Inborn Error ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Oral Challenge ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Trait ◽  
Challenge Dose ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Body Odour

1. Beginning with a single propositus, who had been previously diagnosed at the age of 10 as suffering from trimethylaminuria (fish-odour syndrome), both her parents and two sisters were investigated biochemically with respect to their ability to N-oxidize trimethylamine (TMA), both when derived from the diet and when administered exogenously. 2. Both the propositus and a second sister were markedly deficient in their ability to N-oxidize TMA, both when derived from the diet and when given as such; furthermore, both siblings readily developed the symptoms of fish-odour syndrome as characterized by a strong objectionable breath and body odour shortly after the oral administration of TMA (300 mg). 3. At this dose level of TMA, neither of the parents nor the third sister showed any evidence of impaired N-oxidation ability nor did they experience any ‘fish-odour’ symptoms. 4. With an oral challenge of 600 mg of TMA, both the parents showed a clear impairment of N-oxidation capacity which was not seen in six healthy unrelated volunteers. Both parents experienced a fish-odour syndrome at this level of TMA challenge. 5. The family data support the hypothesis that trimethylaminuria is an inborn error in the ability to N-oxidize TMA which is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Furthermore, experience with this family suggests that an oral challenge dose with 600 mg of TMA may be used to identify carriers of the condition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document