scholarly journals Effects of nutritional status and acute variation in substrate supply on cardiac and skeletal-muscle fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentrations

1988 ◽  
Vol 250 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J French ◽  
M J Holness ◽  
P A MacLennan ◽  
M C Sugden
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Substrate Supply ◽  
Lipid Substrate

We examined the long-term effects of nutritional status and the acute effects of changes in exogenous carbohydrate- and lipid-substrate supply and utilization on fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2) concentrations in heart, gastrocnemius and soleus. Starvation decreased Fru-2,6-P2 concentrations in all three muscles. The acute administration of insulin and glucose increased skeletal-muscle Fru-2,6-P2 in the fed, but not in the starved, state, but cardiac Fru-2,6-P2 was unchanged. Cardiac and skeletal-muscle Fru-2,6-P2 concentrations were unaffected by acute increases in fatty acid supply produced by the administration of corn oil plus heparin, or by acute decreases in fatty acid supply produced by inhibition of lipolysis. Differences in cardiac and skeletal-muscle Fru-2,6-P2 concentrations observed in response to starvation were not reversed by administration of glucose or glucose plus insulin, or by inhibition of lipolysis, even though changes in citrate (heart), acylcarnitine (heart) and glycogen (skeletal muscle) were observed. Concentrations remained low for at least 8 h after chow re-feeding, but the fed value was restored by 24 h.

scholarly journals Effect of ionizing radiation on human skeletal muscle precursor cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Jurdana ◽  
Maja Cemazar ◽  
Katarina Pegan ◽  
Tomaz Mars
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Proliferation Capacity ◽  
Myoblast Proliferation

Abstract Background. Long term effects of different doses of ionizing radiation on human skeletal muscle myoblast proliferation, cytokine signalling and stress response capacity were studied in primary cell cultures. Materials and methods. Human skeletal muscle myoblasts obtained from muscle biopsies were cultured and irradiated with a Darpac 2000 X-ray unit at doses of 4, 6 and 8 Gy. Acute effects of radiation were studied by interleukin - 6 (IL-6) release and stress response detected by the heat shock protein (HSP) level, while long term effects were followed by proliferation capacity and cell death. Results. Compared with non-irradiated control and cells treated with inhibitor of cell proliferation Ara C, myoblast proliferation decreased 72 h post-irradiation, this effect was more pronounced with increasing doses. Post-irradiation myoblast survival determined by measurement of released LDH enzyme activity revealed increased activity after exposure to irradiation. The acute response of myoblasts to lower doses of irradiation (4 and 6 Gy) was decreased secretion of constitutive IL-6. Higher doses of irradiation triggered a stress response in myoblasts, determined by increased levels of stress markers (HSPs 27 and 70). Conclusions. Our results show that myoblasts are sensitive to irradiation in terms of their proliferation capacity and capacity to secret IL-6. Since myoblast proliferation and differentiation are a key stage in muscle regeneration, this effect of irradiation needs to be taken in account, particularly in certain clinical conditions.

Long-term effects of spinal cord transection on fast and slow rat skeletal muscle

1986 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Lieber ◽  
Carina B. Johansson ◽  
H.L. Vahlsing ◽  
Alan R. Hargens ◽  
Earl R. Feringa
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Transection ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle

scholarly journals Effects of Mo, Zn, Sr and Ba loads on these elements' uptake and oil content and fatty acid composition of rapeseed

2003 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Rudolf Kastori ◽  
Imre Kádár ◽  
Petar Sekulic ◽  
Tijana Zeremski-Skoric
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Mo Content

Studied in the present paper were the long-term effects of the application of high Mo, Zn, Sr and Ba rates (0, 90, 270, and 810 kg ha-1 on rapeseed oil content and oil fatty acid composition. The trace elements were applied in the spring of 1991, while the rapeseed was sown on a calcareous ?hernozem soil in 2001. The trace elements differed significantly in their rates of accumulation in rapeseed plants. Relative to the control, the Mo content of the stem increased up to 1,000 times, that of the chaff over 100 times, and that of the seed around 60 times. The levels of the other trace elements increased considerably less relative to the control. The increases were typically twofold to threefold, depending on the plant part involved. The trace elements accumulated the most in the vegetative plant parts, except for Zn, a major quantity of which was found in the seed as well. The application of the high rates of Sr, Zn and, to an extent. Mo reduced the seed oil content of rapeseed. However, the differences were not statistically significant. The application of the trace elements had no significant effect on the fatty acid composition of the rapeseed oil, either. The increased levels of the trace elements found in the rapeseed plants indicate that 11 years after application significant amounts of the applied elements are still present in the soil in a form available to plants. However, the rates were not high enough to affect the synthesis of oil and its fatty acid composition.

scholarly journals Acute action of DSP-4 on central norepinephrine axons: biochemical and immunohistochemical evidence for differential effects.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1435-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Grzanna ◽  
U Berger ◽  
J M Fritschy ◽  
M Geffard
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Selective Vulnerability ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Immunohistochemical Evidence ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

Previous immunohistochemical studies of the long-term effects of the noradrenergic neurotoxin DSP-4 have demonstrated a remarkably selective vulnerability of norepinephrine (NE) axons of the locus coeruleus (LC). NE axons originating in non-LC NE neurons appear to be largely resistant to the neurotoxic action of DSP-4. We conducted this study to evaluate the acute effects of DSP-4 on NE axons in four different brain regions: cerebral cortex, cerebellum, ventral forebrain, and hypothalamus. NE levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 6 and 24 hr and 14 days after DSP-4 administration. NE axons in these brain regions were visualized in brain sections at 6 and 24 hr after drug treatment, using a specific antiserum to NE. HPLC assays revealed profound reductions of NE levels in cerebral cortex and cerebellum, but only minor decreases in ventral forebrain and hypothalamus. NE immunohistochemistry showed dramatic differences in the acute effects of DSP-4 on NE axon staining: nearly complete loss of staining in cortex and cerebellum, in contrast to an almost unchanged staining pattern in ventral forebrain and hypothalamus. This study demonstrates that NE immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool to assess the acute effects of DSP-4 on NE axons in different brain regions. The results provide the first direct evidence that NE axons are not uniformly acted on by DSP-4 and suggest that the acute effects of DSP-4 are restricted to LC axons.

Long-term effects of perinatal essential fatty acid deficiency on anxiety-related behavior in mice.

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilborg Palsdottir ◽  
Jan-Eric Månsson ◽  
Maria Blomqvist ◽  
Emil Egecioglu ◽  
Bob Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency
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