scholarly journals Properties and distribution of the protein inhibitor (Mr 17,000) of protein kinase C

1987 ◽  
Vol 242 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R McDonald ◽  
U Gröschel-Stewart ◽  
M P Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Hydrophobic Interaction ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Proteolytic Fragment ◽  
Kinase C

Ca2+-dependent hydrophobic-interaction chromatography is a powerful tool for the identification and isolation of a variety of Ca2+-binding proteins which expose a hydrophobic site(s) in the presence of Ca2+ [Gopalakrishna & Anderson (1982) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 104, 830-836; Walsh, Valentine, Ngai, Carruthers & Hollenberg (1984) Biochem. J. 224, 117-127; McDonald & Walsh (1985) Biochem. J. 232, 559-567]. Using this approach, we isolated two potent and specific protein inhibitors of protein kinase C, of 17 kDa [McDonald & Walsh (1985) Biochem. J. 232, 559-567] and 12 kDa [McDonald & Walsh (1986) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 14, 585-586]. Although these inhibitors were purified by Ca2+-dependent hydrophobic-interaction chromatography and exhibit properties similar to those of calmodulin and related Ca2+-binding proteins, we were unable to demonstrate high-affinity Ca2+ binding to these inhibitors, using equilibrium dialysis. Protein kinase C exhibited half-maximal activity at 0.6 microM-Ca2+ in the presence of phospholipid and diacylglycerol, and complete inhibition by both inhibitors was observed over the range of Ca2+ concentrations examined (10 nM-10 microM). These observations suggest that the inhibitory action of these proteins does not require Ca2+. The inclusion of proteinase inhibitors during isolation of the kinase C inhibitors, as well as two-dimensional peptide mapping and amino acid analysis of the isolated proteins, suggested that the 12 kDa inhibitor is a proteolytic fragment of the 17 kDa protein which is generated during purification. Antibodies raised in rabbits against the bovine brain 17 kDa inhibitor were shown to be specific by Western immunoblotting and the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and were used to study the tissue and species distribution of this protein. The inhibitor was found to be present in several bovine, murine, avian and human tissues, consistent with a role in the regulation of a variety of physiological functions involving the widely distributed protein kinase C.

scholarly journals Ca2+-dependent hydrophobic-interaction chromatography. Isolation of a novel Ca2+-binding protein and protein kinase C from bovine brain

1984 ◽  
Vol 224 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
M P Walsh ◽  
K A Valentine ◽  
P K Ngai ◽  
C A Carruthers ◽  
M D Hollenberg
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Hydrophobic Interaction ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Dependent Protein

Several bovine brain proteins have been found to interact with a hydrophobic chromatography resin (phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. These include calmodulin, the Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) and a novel Ca2+-binding protein that has now been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. This latter protein is acidic (pI 5.1) and, like calmodulin and some other high-affinity Ca2+-binding proteins, exhibits a Ca2+-dependent mobility shift on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, with an apparent Mr of 22 000 in the absence of Ca2+ and Mr 21 000 in the presence of Ca2+. This novel calciprotein is distinct from known Ca2+-binding proteins on the basis of Mr under denaturing conditions, Cleveland peptide mapping and amino acid composition analysis. It may be a member of the calmodulin superfamily of Ca2+-binding proteins. This calciprotein does not activate two calmodulin-dependent enzymes, namely cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and myosin light-chain kinase, nor does it have any effect on protein kinase C. It may be a Ca2+-dependent regulatory protein of an as-yet-undefined enzymic activity. The Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase is also readily purified by Ca2+-dependent hydrophobic-interaction chromatography followed by ion-exchange chromatography, during which it is easily separated from calmodulin. A preparation of protein kinase C that lacks contaminating kinase or phosphatase activities is thereby obtained rapidly and simply. Such a preparation is ideal for the study of phosphorylation reactions catalysed in vitro by protein kinase C.

scholarly journals Release of superoxide and change in morphology by neutrophils in response to phorbol esters: antagonism by inhibitors of calcium-binding proteins.

1985 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 1052-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Robinson ◽  
J A Badwey ◽  
M L Karnovsky ◽  
M J Karnovsky
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Phorbol Esters ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Calcium Binding Proteins ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Activate Protein Kinase

The ability of phorbol derivatives to function as stimulating agents for superoxide (O2-) release by guinea pig neutrophils has been evaluated and compared to the known ability of each compound to activate protein kinase C. Those that activate the kinase also stimulate O2- release, while those that are inactive with respect to the kinase have no effect on O2- release. The same correlation was observed with respect to the ability of phorbol esters to induce morphological changes in neutrophils, i.e., vesiculation and reduction in granule content. Certain phenothiazines and naphthalene sulfonamides that are known antagonists of calcium-binding proteins blocked both phorbol ester-induced O2- release and morphological changes in these cells.

scholarly journals Ca2+-binding proteins from bovine brain including a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C

1985 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R McDonald ◽  
M P Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Kinase C

We have previously described the use of Ca2+-dependent hydrophobic-interaction chromatography to isolate the Ca2+ + phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) and a novel heat-stable 21 000-Mr Ca2+-binding protein from bovine brain [Walsh, Valentine, Ngai, Carruthers & Hollenberg (1984) Biochem. J. 224, 117-127]. The procedure described for purification of the 21 000-Mr calciprotein to electrophoretic homogeneity has been modified to permit the large-scale isolation of this Ca2+-binding protein, enabling further structural and functional characterization. The 21 000-Mr calciprotein was shown by equilibrium dialysis to bind approx. 1 mol of Ca2+/mol, with apparent Kd approx. 1 microM. The modified large-scale purification procedure revealed three additional, previously unidentified, Ca2+-binding proteins of Mr 17 000, 18 400 and 26 000. The 17 000-Mr and 18 400-Mr Ca2+-binding proteins are heat-stable, whereas the 26 000-Mr Ca2+-binding protein is heat-labile. Use of the transblot/45CaCl2 overlay technique [Maruyama, Mikawa & Ebashi (1984) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 95, 511-519] suggests that the 18 400-Mr and 21 000-Mr Ca2+-binding proteins are high-affinity Ca2+-binding proteins, whereas the 17 000-Mr Ca2+-binding protein has a relatively low affinity for Ca2+. Consistent with this observation, the 18 400-Mr and 21 000-Mr Ca2+-binding proteins exhibit a Ca2+-dependent mobility shift on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, whereas the 17 000-Mr Ca2+-binding protein does not. The amino acid compositions of the 17 000-Mr, 18 400-Mr and 21 000-Mr Ca2+-binding proteins show some similarities to each other and to calmodulin and other members of the calmodulin superfamily; however, they are clearly distinct and novel calciproteins. In functional terms, none of the 17 000-Mr, 18 400-Mr or 21 000-Mr Ca2+-binding proteins activates either cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase or myosin light-chain kinase, both calmodulin-activated enzymes. However, the 17 000-Mr Ca2+-binding protein is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C. It may therefore serve to regulate the activity of this important enzyme at elevated cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations.

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