scholarly journals Structure of heparin-derived tetrasaccharides

1985 ◽  
Vol 229 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z M Merchant ◽  
Y S Kim ◽  
K G Rice ◽  
R J Linhardt
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Fast Atom Bombardment ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Iduronic Acid

The structure of heparin was examined by characterizing a disaccharide and five of the more than a dozen tetrasaccharide components obtained by its depolymerization with flavobacterial heparinase. Enzymic depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin results in a mixture of di-, tetra-, hexa- and higher oligo-saccharides. The di- and tetra-saccharide components represent 75mol/100mol of these heparin fragments. Ion-exchange chromatography indicates the presence of only one disaccharide, deltaIdu2S(1→4)-alpha-D-GlcNS6S (where Idu is iduronic acid, deltaIdu is 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid, GlcN is glucosamine, GlcA is glucuronic acid and S is sulphate), but results in the isolation of five major and at least seven minor tetrasaccharide components. The structures of the disaccharide and five major tetrasaccharides were determined by chemical, enzymic, electrophoretic and spectroscopic methods, including 13C, 1H n.m.r. and fast atom bombardment-m.s. The structure of these five tetrasaccharides are: delta Idu2S(1→4)-alpha-D-GlcNS6S(1→4)-alpha-L-Idu2S(1→4)-alpha -D-GlcNS6S; delta Idu2S(1→4)-alpha-D-GlcNS6S(1→4)-beta-D-GlcA(1→4)- alpha-D-GlcNS6S; delta Idu2S(1→4)-alpha-D-GlcNS(1→4)-beta-D-GlcA delta Idu2S(1→4)-alpha-D-GlcNAc(1→4)-beta-D-GlcA(1→4)- alpha-D-GlcNS6S; and delta Idu2S(1→4)-alpha- D-GlcNAc(1→4)-alpha-L-Idu(1→4)-alpha-D-GlcNS6S. Biological activity for the disaccharide and the five major tetrasaccharides was examined, and none of them were found to possess significant anticoagulant activity.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of dermatan sulphate. Loss of C-5 hydrogen during conversion of d-glucuronate to l-iduronate

1981 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Malmström
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Microsomal Preparation ◽  
Iduronic Acid

The formation of L-iduronic acid during biosynthesis of dermatan sulphate has been studied in culture human fibroblasts and in microsomes from the same cells. The cells were incubated with D-[14C]glucose and D-[5-3H]glucose for 72 h. The [14C,3H]dermatan sulphate was hydrolysed and the disaccharides obtained were acetylated and separated by ion-exchange chromatography. The ratio of 3H/14C was 0.36 for N-acetyldermosine and 1.36 N-acetylchondrosine. A microsomal preparation from the fibroblasts was incubated with UDP-D-[5-3H]glucuronic acid, UDP-D-[14C]glucuronic acid, UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and 3′-phospho-5′-adenylyl sulphate. The polymeric products were separated into nonsulphated and sulphated components which had 3H/14C ratios of 0.51 and 0.20 and contained 9% and 70% of their uronosyl residues in the L-ido-configuration, respectively. Chondroitinase-AC digestion of these polymers liberated all of the remaining 3H activity. Hydrolysis and N-acetylation followed by paper chromatography showed that the L-iduronic acid-containing products were devoid of 3H. The data obtained indicate that the epimerization of D-glucuronosyl to L-iduronosyl residues during biosynthesis of dermatan sulphate involves an abstraction of the C-5 hydrogen of the uronosyl residue.

In Vitro Anticoagulant Activity of Esters of Heparin.

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mardiguian ◽  
M. Trillou ◽  
J. Marin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Oh Groups

Chemical modification of Heparin by esterification of its hydroxyl groups has been carried out in order to study its influence on the in vitro anticoagulant activity. Beef and pig mucosal Heparins have been fractionated by gel filtration and by ion-exchange chromatography to yield fractions which have been esterified.Two types of esters have been prepared : 4-chlorophenoxy-acetic and 4-chlorophenoxy-isobutyric.The anticoagulant activity of the these esters has been evaluated in vitro (using U.S.P. method, anti-Xa and anti-thrombin assays) and correlated with their chlorine content and U.V. absorption.This study shows that the in vitro anticoagulant activity of heparin is decreased by esterification of its OH groups, to an extent depending upon the type of ester, the molecular weight and the degree of substitution.The results of these experiments will be reported and discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Isolation of streptococcal hyaluronate synthase

1986 ◽  
Vol 235 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Prehm ◽  
A Mausolf
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Hyaluronate Synthase

Hyaluronate synthase was isolated from protoblast membranes of streptococci by Triton X-114 extraction and cetylpyridinium chloride precipitation. It was identified as a 52,000-Mr protein, which bound to nascent hyaluronate and was affinity-labelled by periodate-oxidized UDP-glucuronic acid and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. Antibodies directed against the 52,000-Mr protein inhibited hyaluronate synthesis. Mutants defective in hyaluronate synthase activity lacked the 52,000-Mr protein in membrane extracts. Synthase activity was solubilized from membranes by cholate in active form and purified by ion-exchange chromatography.

scholarly journals Increased hyaluronate synthesis is required for fibroblast detachment and mitosis

1986 ◽  
Vol 239 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Brecht ◽  
U Mayer ◽  
E Schlosser ◽  
P Prehm
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Human Embryo ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Cellular Fraction ◽  
Embryo Fibroblasts ◽  
Hyaluronate Synthase

Human-embryo fibroblasts were synchronized by means of colchicine and cytochalasin, and the production of hyaluronate was determined by [3H]glucosamine incorporation and ion-exchange chromatography. Cells arrested by colchicine synthesized small amounts of hyaluronate, whereas cells blocked by cytochalasin were stimulated in hyaluronate production. When the colchicine block was released, there was an increased synthesis of hyaluronate, which appeared first in the cellular fraction and was then shed into the culture medium. After release of the cytochalasin block, the hyaluronate production declined to that found with unsynchronized cells. A comparable increase of hyaluronate synthase activity was observed during mitosis. When hyaluronate synthesis was blocked by periodate-oxidized UDP-glucuronic acid, the cells were arrested in mitosis before rounding of cells. These results suggest that hyaluronate synthesis is required for detachment and rounding of cells during mitosis.

Isolation and Characterization of Heparin from Human Mastocytoma Tissue

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Thunberg ◽  
M Höök ◽  
U Lindahl ◽  
U Abildgaard ◽  
R Langholm
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Human Spleen ◽  
Chromogenic Assay ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

SummaryPolysaccharide was isolated from human spleen mastocytoma by proteolytic digestion, precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride, digestion with chondroitinase ABC, and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The final product (0.7 mg per g of starting material, MW 8000) behaved like standard heparin on ion-exchange chromatography and on electrophoresis, and contained D-glucuronic acid, L-iduronic acid, D-glucosamine and sulfate in the proportions expected for heparin.Affinity chromatography on antithrombin-Sepharose separated a distinct high-affinity fraction (4–5% of the total material). Structural analysis of this fraction showed that about 10% of the D-glucosamine residues were N-acetylated, the remainder N-sulfated.The anticoagulant activity of the isolated heparin was 71 B.P. units per mg (whole-blood system), or 30 units per mg (antithrombin and chromogenic substrate). 205 and 10–15 units per mg (chromogenic assay) were found for high and low affinity fractions, respectively. These results demonstrate conclusively the occurrence of heparin in a human tissue.

Studies on an Inhibitor of Plasminogen Activation in Human Serum

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 414-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Hedner
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Specific Adsorption ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Preparative Electrophoresis

SummaryA procedure is described for partial purification of an inhibitor of the activation of plasminogen by urokinase and streptokinase. The method involves specific adsorption of contammants, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and preparative electrophoresis. The inhibitor fraction contained no antiplasmin, no plasminogen, no α1-antitrypsin, no antithrombin-III and was shown not to be α2 M or inter-α-inhibitor. It contained traces of prothrombin and cerulo-plasmin. An antiserum against the inhibitor fraction capable of neutralising the inhibitor in serum was raised in rabbits.

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