scholarly journals Effect of ethanol on lipid metabolism in cultured hepatocytes

1985 ◽  
Vol 228 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Grunnet ◽  
J Kondrup ◽  
J Dich
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Body Production ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

Isolated rat hepatocytes were cultured in a modified HI-WO/BA medium for 16 h. In the following 24 h oleate or oleate plus ethanol was added to the medium. After this period the medium was changed again and the cultures were further incubated with [1-14C]oleate alone or with [1-14C]oleate plus ethanol for 6 h. This allowed a comparison of effects of short-term (6 h) and long-term (24 + 6 h) exposure to ethanol on fatty acid metabolism. The increased intracellular accumulation of triacylglycerol in the presence of ethanol was quantitatively accounted for by increased fatty acid uptake, by decreased fatty acid oxidation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and by decreased VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein)-triacylglycerol secretion. Ketone-body production was not affected. After short-term exposure the rate of accumulation of triacylglycerol was increased by 50%. This increase was accounted for by increased fatty acid uptake (44%), decreased tricarboxylic acid-cycle activity (49%) and decreased VLDL-triacylglycerol secretion (7%). After long-term exposure, the rate of accumulation of triacylglycerol was increased by 74%. This increase was accounted for by increased fatty acid uptake (34%), decreased tricarboxylic acid-cycle activity (34%) and decreased VLDL-triacylglycerol secretion (32%). The larger increase in accumulation of triacylglycerol after long-term exposure to ethanol was entirely accounted for by increased inhibition of secretion of VLDL-triacylglycerol. The biochemical mechanisms underlying the observations are discussed.

scholarly journals Detection of myocardial medium‐chain fatty acid oxidation and tricarboxylic acid cycle activity with hyperpolarized [1– 13 C]octanoate

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikari A.I. Yoshihara ◽  
Jessica A.M. Bastiaansen ◽  
Magnus Karlsson ◽  
Mathilde H. Lerche ◽  
Arnaud Comment ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Medium Chain

scholarly journals Abiotic and biotic processes that drive carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-615
Author(s):  
Cody S. Sheik ◽  
H. James Cleaves ◽  
Kristin Johnson-Finn ◽  
Donato Giovannelli ◽  
Thomas L. Kieft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Prebiotic Chemistry ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Planetary Evolution ◽  
Broad Overview

Abstract Carboxylation and decarboxylation are two fundamental classes of reactions that impact the cycling of carbon in and on Earth’s crust. These reactions play important roles in both long-term (primarily abiotic) and short-term (primarily biotic) carbon cycling. Long-term cycling is important in the subsurface and at subduction zones where organic carbon is decomposed and outgassed or recycled back to the mantle. Short-term reactions are driven by biology and have the ability to rapidly convert CO2 to biomass and vice versa. For instance, carboxylation is a critical reaction in primary production and metabolic pathways like photosynthesis in which sunlight provides energy to drive carbon fixation, whereas decarboxylation is a critical reaction in metabolic pathways like respiration and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Early life and prebiotic chemistry on Earth likely relied heavily upon the abiotic synthesis of carboxylic acids. Over time, life has diversified (de)carboxylation reactions and incorporated them into many facets of cellular metabolism. Here we present a broad overview of the importance of carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions from both abiotic and biotic perspectives to highlight the importance of these reactions and compounds to planetary evolution.

scholarly journals The pathway of glycollate utilization in Chlorella pyrenoidosa

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lord ◽  
M. J. Merrett
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Metabolic Sequence ◽  
Specific Activities

1. Exogenous glycollate was rapidly metabolized in both the light and the dark by photoautotrophically grown Chlorella pyrenoidosa. 2. The incorporation of 14C from [1-14C]glycollate by these cells was inhibited by the tricarboxylic acid-cycle inhibitors monofluoroacetate, diethylmalonate and arsenite, and also by α-hydroxypyrid-2-ylmethanesulphonate and isonicotinylhydrazine. 3. Short-term kinetic experiments showed over 80% of the total 14C present in the soluble fraction from the cells to be in glycine and serine after 10s. This percentage decreased with time whereas the percentage radioactivity in glycerate increased for up to 30s then remained steady. The percentage of the total radioactivity present in citrate increased over the experimental period. Malate was the only other tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediate to become labelled. 4. The kinetic and inhibitor experiments supported the following pathway of glycollate incorporation: glycollate → glyoxylate → glycine → serine → hydroxypyruvate → glycerate → 3-phosphoglycerate → 2-phosphoglycerate → phosphoenolpyruvate → pyruvate → acetyl-CoA. 5. The specific activities of the enzymes catalysing this metabolic sequence in cell-free extracts were great enough to account for the observed rate of glycollate metabolism of 0.25μmol/h per mg dry wt. of cells in the light.

Distinct effects of short- and long-term leptin treatment on glucose and fatty acid uptake and metabolism in HL-1 cardiomyocytes

Metabolism ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1067-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rengasamy Palanivel ◽  
Megumi Eguchi ◽  
Irina Shuralyova ◽  
Imogen Coe ◽  
Gary Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism
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