scholarly journals An immunoradiometric assay for endopeptidase-24.11 shows it to be a widely distributed enzyme in pig tissues

1985 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
N S Gee ◽  
M A Bowes ◽  
P Buck ◽  
A J Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Immunoradiometric Assay ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Endopeptidase 24.11 ◽  
Detergent Treatment ◽  
Enzymic Assay ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leucocytes

An immunoradiometric assay for endopeptidase-24.11, which depended on the absorption by tissues of a monoclonal antibody, GK7C2, was established. The optimum conditions for the assay were defined and its correlation with an enzymic assay determined. The immunoassay was used to survey the endopeptidase in crude homogenates of various tissues of the pig. Detergent treatment decreased the sensitivity of the assay but did not invalidate it. Although the endopeptidase was found in many tissues, it was neither uniformly nor ubiquitously distributed. Kidney cortex was confirmed as the major location of the endopeptidase, containing 5000 ng/mg of protein. Lymph nodes were also very active (1370 ng/mg), followed by chondrocytes from articular cartilage (650 ng/mg). In the gut, the endopeptidase was concentrated mainly in the jejunum (130 ng/mg). Various glands (salivary, adrenal, anterior pituitary and pancreas) also contained the antigen in the range 20-55 ng/mg of protein. Lung contained only 5 ng/mg of protein and, in other tissues examined, little or none was detectable. In particular, other lymphoid tissues (spleen, thymus, tonsillar tissues) were relatively poor sources, and none was detectable in peripheral-blood leucocytes or in peritoneal macrophages.

scholarly journals The metabolism of neuropeptides. Endopeptidase-24.11 in human synaptic membrane preparations hydrolyses substance P

1985 ◽  
Vol 228 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Matsas ◽  
M Rattray ◽  
A J Kenny ◽  
A J Turner
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Synaptic Membranes ◽  
Synaptic Membrane ◽  
Immunoradiometric Assay ◽  
Endopeptidase 24.11 ◽  
Pig Brain ◽  
Enzymic Assay

Synaptic membrane preparations from human striatum and human diencephalon were shown to contain a phosphoramidon-sensitive metalloendopeptidase that appeared identical with endopeptidase-24.11. The activity of endopeptidase-24.11 was determined with an enzymic assay employing [D-Ala2,Leu5]enkephalin as substrate, and its distribution in human brain was similar to that in pig brain, with the striatum containing the highest levels. The choroid plexus and pons also contained substantial activity. A good correlation (r = 0.97) was obtained for the distribution of the endopeptidase in pig brain and pituitary by the enzymic assay and by an immunoradiometric assay specific for pig endopeptidase-24.11. Synaptic membrane preparations from human striatum and diencephalon hydrolysed substance P at the same sites as did preparations of pig striatal synaptic membranes, and hydrolysis was substantially abolished by phosphoramidon. These results suggest that endopeptidase-24.11 is the principal enzyme hydrolysing substance P in human synaptic membrane preparations.

scholarly journals Transferrin synthesis by mouse lymph node and peritoneal macrophages: iron content and effect on lymphocyte proliferation

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1046-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Djeha ◽  
JL Perez-Arellano ◽  
JH Brock
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Activated Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymph Node Cells

Abstract Transferrin is an essential requirement for lymphocyte proliferation, because it supplies activated lymphocytes with iron needed for cell proliferation. However, during inflammation or an immune response, the iron content of circulating transferrin, which is of hepatic origin, decreases. It is hypothesized that activated lymphocytes may therefore obtain transferrin-iron from an alternative source, and we have investigated the possibility that transferrin is synthesized locally in lymphoid tissues. It was found that lymph node cells from mice stimulated in vivo with Freund's complete adjuvant were able to synthesize transferrin, and this was because of the macrophage rather than the lymphocyte population. Transferrin synthesized by mouse lymph node or peritoneal macrophages contained iron and was able to promote mouse lymphocyte proliferation. Peritoneal macrophages activated in vivo synthesized more transferrin, released more transferrin-bound iron, and were more effective than resident macrophages at enhancing lymphocyte proliferation. These results suggest that transferrin synthesized by macrophages acts in a paracrine manner to support lymphocyte proliferation, thus eliminating possible detrimental effect of hypoferremia on the immune system.

Observations on the Blood of the Australian Lungfish, Neoceratodus-Forsteri Klefft .2. Enzyme Cytochemistry of Blood-Cells, Peritoneal-Macrophages and Melanomacrophages

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Hine ◽  
JM Wain ◽  
RJG Lester
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Enzyme Cytochemistry ◽  
Monocytes And Macrophages ◽  
Acetate Esterase ◽  
Alpha Naphthyl Acetate Esterase ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leucocytes ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Beta Galactosidase ◽  
Australian Lungfish

Peroxidase, alkaline and acid phosphatases, esterases, neutral proteases and PAS reactivity were examined in the peripheral blood leucocytes and peritoneal and melano-macrophages of the Australian lungfish. Eosinophils contained partly cyanide-inhibited peroxidase, and monocytes and blasts showed weak peroxidase staining, but other blood leucocytes were negative. Only neutrophils and heterophils showed alkaline phosphatase reactivity, but acid phosphatase was ubiquitous in leucocytes and macrophages. Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase occurred, and were often strong, in all cell types but particularly neutrophils; alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase was only observed in monocytes, macrophages, and in the latter stained moderately to strongly. Beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were also confined to the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The neutral protease acetyl-L-tyrosine-a-naphthyl esterase was moderate to strong in monocytes and macrophages. All leucocytes except monocytes stained moderately to strongly by PAS. Leucocytes showed similarities in enzyme content to those of elasmobranchs, but less so to those of teleosts. They also resembled leucocytes of mammals, particularly in monocyte-macrophage enzyme profiles, in the heterogeneous response for peroxidase, and the restriction of a-naphthyl butyrate esterase to that lineage.

Endopeptidase-24.11 in lymphoid tissues

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL A. BOWES ◽  
A. JOHN KENNY
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Endopeptidase 24.11

Expression of a divalent cation-dependent erythroblast adhesion receptor by stromal macrophages from murine bone marrow

1991 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
L. Morris ◽  
P.R. Crocker ◽  
I. Fraser ◽  
M. Hill ◽  
S. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Neuraminidase Treatment ◽  
Foetal Liver ◽  
Dependent Activity ◽  
Haemopoietic Cells

Stromal macrophages in haemopoietic organs express novel surface receptors that are implicated in trophic interactions with developing blood cells. Macrophages isolated from foetal liver bind erythroblasts (Eb) by a divalent cation-dependent receptor (EbR), whereas stromal macrophages in adult bone marrow and lymphoid organs express a lectin-like receptor, sialoadhesin, which interacts with sialylated structures on sheep erythrocytes and murine haemopoietic cells. In order to learn more about the regulation of these haemagglutinins, we examined binding of Eb by stromal macrophages that had been isolated from adult murine tissues or generated in Dexter-type cultures of bone marrow. Macrophages were purified from bone marrow by collagenase digestion, adherence to a substratum and detachment of clustered haemopoietic cells, and tested for their ability to bind Eb from foetal liver or anaemic adult spleen. Freshly isolated bone marrow macrophages bound Eb mainly by a divalent cation-dependent activity that was not inhibited by neuraminidase treatment of Eb or by specific anti-sialoadhesin monoclonal antibodies, although these macrophages express sialoadhesin and Eb bear a potential ligand for this receptor. Macrophages obtained by digestion from other adult lymphoid tissues also bound Eb by a divalent cation-dependent activity, whereas blood monocytes and lavaged peritoneal macrophages failed to do so. Peritoneal macrophages could be induced to express high levels of sialoadhesin by cultivation in homologous mouse serum, but such macrophages did not acquire sialoadhesin-independent EbR activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Effect of a cocoa flavonoid-enriched diet on experimental autoimmune arthritis

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ramos-Romero ◽  
Francisco J. Pérez-Cano ◽  
Teresa Pérez-Berezo ◽  
Cristina Castellote ◽  
Angels Franch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Autoantibody Response ◽  
Specific Antibody Production

Previously we established that a cocoa-enriched diet in young rats reduces specific antibody production and the T helper (Th) lymphocyte proportion in lymphoid tissues. The aim of the present study was to ascertain the modulatory ability of a cocoa flavonoid-enriched diet on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), which is mediated by anti-collagen autoantibody response and Th lymphocyte activation. Female Louvain (LOU) rats were fed with a cocoa-enriched diet, beginning 2 weeks before CIA induction. Hind-paw swelling and serum cytokine and anti-collagen antibody concentrations were determined. Anti-collagen antibody-secreting cell counts and lymphocyte subset proportions were established in inguinal lymph nodes (ILN). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and TNFα produced by peritoneal macrophages were determined. Although arthritic cocoa-fed rats showed a similar hind-paw swelling time course as the arthritic animals fed a standard diet, the cocoa intake was able to decrease specific IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG2c titres. Moreover, cocoa intake in CIA rats reduced ROS production, TNFα and NO release from peritoneal macrophages, and decreased the Th:cytotoxic T cell ratio in ILN. In conclusion, a cocoa flavonoid-enriched diet in LOU rats with CIA produced no effect on hind-paw swelling but was able to modulate the specific antibody response and also the Th lymphocyte proportion, as well as the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators from peritoneal macrophages. Therefore, a cocoa-enriched diet could be a good adjuvant therapy in disorders with oxidative stress or autoimmune pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Hesperidin on the Oxidative Stress Induced by an Exhausting Exercise in Intensively Trained Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Estruel-Amades ◽  
Malén Massot-Cladera ◽  
Pau Garcia-Cerdà ◽  
Francisco Pérez-Cano ◽  
Àngels Franch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Intensive Exercise ◽  
Hepatic Glutathione ◽  
Improve Exercise Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Intensive exercise can lead to oxidative stress, which can be particularly deleterious for lymphoid tissues. Hesperidin has demonstrated its antioxidant activity, but few studies focus on its influence on intensive training. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of hesperidin on the oxidant/antioxidant status of lymphoid tissues after an intensive training program. Wistar rats were trained for five weeks (five days per week), including two exhaustion tests plus three trainings per week. During this period, animals were orally administrated with 200 mg/kg of hesperidin or vehicle (three days per week). The oxidative status was determined before, immediately after and 24 h after an additional exhaustion test. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by peritoneal macrophages, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in spleen, thymus and liver, and hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) were assessed. Hesperidin prevented an increase in ROS production induced by the additional exhaustion test. Likewise, hesperidin avoided a decrease in SOD and catalase activities in the thymus and spleen that was found after the additional exhaustion test. The antioxidant effects of hesperidin were associated with a higher performance in the assessed training model. These results suggest that hesperidin, acting as an antioxidant, can prevent oxidative stress induced by exercise and improve exercise performance.

scholarly journals Transferrin synthesis by mouse lymph node and peritoneal macrophages: iron content and effect on lymphocyte proliferation

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1046-1050
Author(s):  
A Djeha ◽  
JL Perez-Arellano ◽  
JH Brock
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Activated Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymph Node Cells

Transferrin is an essential requirement for lymphocyte proliferation, because it supplies activated lymphocytes with iron needed for cell proliferation. However, during inflammation or an immune response, the iron content of circulating transferrin, which is of hepatic origin, decreases. It is hypothesized that activated lymphocytes may therefore obtain transferrin-iron from an alternative source, and we have investigated the possibility that transferrin is synthesized locally in lymphoid tissues. It was found that lymph node cells from mice stimulated in vivo with Freund's complete adjuvant were able to synthesize transferrin, and this was because of the macrophage rather than the lymphocyte population. Transferrin synthesized by mouse lymph node or peritoneal macrophages contained iron and was able to promote mouse lymphocyte proliferation. Peritoneal macrophages activated in vivo synthesized more transferrin, released more transferrin-bound iron, and were more effective than resident macrophages at enhancing lymphocyte proliferation. These results suggest that transferrin synthesized by macrophages acts in a paracrine manner to support lymphocyte proliferation, thus eliminating possible detrimental effect of hypoferremia on the immune system.

scholarly journals Cystatin from Filarial Parasites Suppress the Clinical Symptoms and Pathology of Experimentally Induced Colitis in Mice by Inducing T-Regulatory Cells, B1-Cells, and Alternatively Activated Macrophages

Biomedicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalini Bisht ◽  
Vishal Khatri ◽  
Nikhil Chauhan ◽  
Ramaswamy Kalyanasundaram
Keyword(s):  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Alternatively Activated Macrophages ◽  
Cell Network ◽  
Alternatively Activated

Potential alternative therapeutic strategies for immune-mediated disorders are being increasingly recognized and are studied extensively. We previously reported the therapeutic potential of Brugia malayi derived recombinant cystatin (rBmaCys) in attenuating clinical symptoms of experimental colitis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the rBmaCys-induced suppression of inflammation in the colon. Our results show that, the frequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells was elevated in the colon and mesenteric lymph nodes. Similarly, the peritoneal macrophages recovered from the rBmaCys-treated colitis mice were alternatively activated and displayed reduced expression of TNF-α and IL-6. Another finding was significant increases in IgM+B1a-cells in the peritoneal cavity of mice following rBmaCys-treatment. These findings suggested that the regulatory cell network promoted by the rBmaCys in the colon and associated lymphoid tissues is important for its anti-inflammatory activity in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice.

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