scholarly journals Hormonal regulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis in plants. The inhibition of cytidylyltransferase activity by indol-3-ylacetic acid

1983 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Price-Jones ◽  
J L Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Endogenous Level ◽  
Choline Phosphotransferase ◽  
Ylacetic Acid ◽  
Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis

Indol-3-ylacetic acid stimulated stem elongation within 1 h of treatment of Pisum sativum L. cv. Feltham First stem sections. This elongation was accompanied by an increase in the endogenous level of phosphocholine and a decrease in that of CDP-choline. Measurements in vitro of the CDP-base pathway enzymes showed an increase in choline phosphotransferase and a decrease in cytidylyltransferase activity on hormone treatment. These results indicate that the decrease in phosphatidylcholine labelling from [14C]choline that is observed on indol-3-ylacetic acid treatment of pea stem sections is caused by the decrease in cytidylyltransferase activity.

Some influence of the hormonal components in nutrient medium onthe induction of novel structures when obtaining rapeseed haploids through in vitro culture

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Wide Range

Growth regulators, phytohormones, both natural and artificial, are the main means to control plant ontogenesis. They are involved in regulating the processes of cell differentiation and cell divisions, the formation of tissues and organs, the changes in the rate of growth and development, the duration of the certain stages of ontogenesis. The main classes of phytohormones used in plant biotechnology, in particular, in the induction of haploid structures, are auxins and cytokinins. The mechanism of action of phytohormones on a cell is rather complicated and may have a different character. Understanding the characteristics of the action of phytohormones is complicated by the fact that the system of hormonal regulation of plant life is multicomponent. This is manifested in the fact that the same physiological process is most often influenced not by one, but by several phytohormones, covering a wide range of aspects of cell metabolism. In connection with the foregoing, the purpose of our work was to test a set of nutrient media with different basic composition and different proportions of phytohormones to determine the patterns of their influence on the processes of haploid structure induction in rape anther culture using accessions, developed at the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS. The material used was two accessions of winter rapeseed (No. 1 and No. 2) and one sample of spring rapeseed, provided by the Rapeseed Breeding laboratory of the Institute of Oilseed Crops. Incised inflorescences were kept against the background of low temperature of 6–8 ° C for several days, and then, under aseptic conditions, anthers with unripe pollen grains were isolated and planted on nutrient media differing in both basic mineral composition and content of phytohormones. MS (Murashige & Skoog 1962) and B5 (Gamborg et al 1968) media were used as basic media. Phytohormones were added to the basic media in various combinations – BA, 2,4-D, NAA at the concentrations of 0.1-0.6 mg/l. In each treatment up to 300 anthers were cultivated. Differences between treatments were evaluated using standard t-test. Studies have shown that in the anther culture of rapeseed on the tested nutrient media, morphogenic structures of different types (embryoids and callus) were originated. Synthetic auxin 2,4-D, regardless of the composition of the basic medium, caused the formation of structures of both types, though with a low frequency. Phytohormone BA of the cytokinin type had a similar effect. In this case, the frequency of structures was slightly higher, and the developed structures were represented mainly by embryoids. The joint action of cytokinin and auxin was the most favorable for the initiation of morphogenic structures. Such combination of phytohormones caused the formation of these structures with a frequency of 24.5-14.7% in the studied genotypes of winter rape. A similar effect of phytohormones on the induction and development of morphogenic structures was also observed in spring rape. In this case, a single basic MS medium was used. The experiment included treatments where phytohormones were absent (control), as well as various combinations of auxin and cytokinin. In the control treatment, the formation of new structures was not noted. In treatments with phytohormones, in addition to the medium with the combination of auxin and cytokinin, the medium in which only cytokinin was present was also rather effective. The treatment in which the action of auxin 2,4-D was combined with the action of another auxin, NAA, turned out to be practically ineffective. Thus, it was found that for the induction of morphogenic structures from microspores in rape anther culture of the tested genotypes, the combination of cytokinin with auxin, or the use of only single cytokinin BA without other phytohormones, had the most positive effect.

Intensification de la régénération du pois (Pisum sativum L.), par le thidiazuron, via la formation de structures caulinaires organogènes

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Popiers ◽  
Frédéric Flandre ◽  
Brigitte S. Sangwan-Norreel
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Cotyledonary Nodes ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Embryo Axes ◽  
Initial Medium ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Mature Seeds

In vitro regeneration of pea (Pisum sativum L.), a regeneration recalcitrant legume, was optimised using thidiazuron. Buds were initiated from the meristems of the cotyledonary nodes of embryo axes, isolated from mature seeds, and subcultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 13.3 μM 6-benzylaminopurine, 16.1 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 0.2 μM 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid. Proliferation of buds was preceded by the formation of white nodular-like protrusions. These structures were cut transversally in fine slices and subcultured on the same medium or in presence of thidiazuron that produces a second wave of secondary budding. The best results (90–110 buds per expiant) were obtained with 10 μM thidiazuron. The capacity of regeneration was genotype independent and reproducible. Buds elongated on the initial medium, then formed roots in presence of 5.37 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid. and developed into viable plants. Key words: Pisum sativum L., regeneration, meristems, embryo axes, thidiazuron.

HORMONAL REGULATION OF GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN ADIPOSE TISSUE IN VITRO

1965 ◽  
Vol 131 (1 Adipose Tissu) ◽  
pp. 43-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard R. Landau ◽  
Joseph Katz ◽  
Glenn E. Bartsch ◽  
Lawrence W. White ◽  
Hollis R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Adipose Tissue In Vitro

scholarly journals Protein synthesis in chloroplasts. Characteristics and products of protein synthesis in vitro in etioplasts and developing chloroplasts from pea leaves

1975 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
S G Siddell ◽  
R J Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Fraction I ◽  
Plastid Ribosomes

The function of plastid ribosomes in pea (Pisum sativum L.) was investigated by characterizing the products of protein synthesis in vitro in plastids isolated at different stages during the transition from etioplast to chloroplast. Etioplasts and plastids isolated after 24, 48 and 96h of greening in continuous white light, use added ATP to incorporate labelled amino acids into protein. Plastids isolated from greening leaves can also use light as the source of energy for protein synthesis. The labelled polypeptides synthesized in isolated plastids were analysed by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate-ureapolyacrylamide gels. Six polypeptides are synthesized in etioplasts with ATP as energy source. Only one of these polypeptides is present in a 150 000g supernatant fraction. This polypeptide has been identified as the large subunit of Fraction I protein (3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxylyase EC 4.1.1.39) by comparing the tryptic ‘map’ of its L-(35S)methionine-labelled peptides with the tryptic ‘map’ of large subunit peptides from Fraction I labelled with L-(35S)methionine in vivo. The same gel pattern of six polypeptides is seen when plastids isolated from greening leaves are incubated with either added ATP or light as the energy source. However, the rates of synthesis of particular polypeptides are different in plastids isolated at different stages of the etioplast to chloroplast transition. The results support the idea that plastid ribosomes synthesize only a small number of proteins, and that the number and molecular weight of these proteins does not alter during the formation of chloroplasts from etioplasts.

Linoleic acid treatment increases the expression of scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) in in-vitro model

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. e128
Author(s):  
N.-A. Azemi ◽  
L. Abu-Bakar ◽  
N. Ismail ◽  
V. Sevakumaran ◽  
T.-S. Tengku-Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Scavenger Receptor Class ◽  
Class B ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals Structural characterizations and in vitro digestibility of acid-treated wrinkled and smooth pea starch (Pisum sativum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 762-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaomiao Shi ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Shujuan Yu ◽  
Robert G. Gilbert ◽  
Qunyu Gao
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Pea Starch ◽  
Structural Characterizations
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