scholarly journals A glucuronyltransferase involved in glucuronoxylan synthesis in pea (Pisum sativum) epicotyls

1983 ◽  
Vol 213 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
K W Waldron ◽  
C T Brett
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Total Acid

A particulate enzyme preparation made from epicotyls of 1-week-old etiolated pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings was shown to incorporate glucuronic acid from UDP-D-[U-14C]glucuronic acid into a hemicellulosic polysaccharide. Optimum conditions for the incorporation include the presence of Mn2+ ions at between 4 and 10 mmol/litre and a pH between 5 and 6. UDP-D-xylose at 1 mmol/litre allows incorporation to continue for at least 8 h. In its absence, the reaction stops within 30 min. Analysis of the product by partial and total acid hydrolysis, followed by paper chromatography or electrophoresis, indicates that the polysaccharide produced is a glucuronoxylan.

THE POLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCED BY AZOTOBACTER INDICUM

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara M. Quinnell ◽  
S. G. Knight ◽  
P. W. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Uronic Acids ◽  
Pyranose Form ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
A Value

A procedure was developed for the isolation and purification of the polysaccharide produced by Azotobacter indicum which resulted in a product containing approximately 5% ash, 0.4–0.6% nitrogen, and 40% carbon. Qualitative tests showed the absence of galactose, pentoses, ketoses, and amino and methylated sugars, and the presence of glucose and a uronic acid. A technique for determining combined uronic acids resulted in a value of 30% uronic acid on the untreated (unhydrolyzed) polysaccharide, and the remaining components were determined by analysis of the material after acid hydrolysis. The relatively severe conditions required to hydrolyze the polysaccharide indicate that the components are present in the pyranose form. The results obtained when the hydrolyzates were analyzed by paper chromatography, the spectrophotometric reactions of Dische, and other specific quantitative assays showed that the polysaccharide is a polymer of glucose, glucuronic acid, and an aldoheptose in the ratio of 3: 2: 1. Infrared analysis confirmed the presence and relative proportion of the uronic acid residues and indicated that the sugar units of the polysaccharide are probably in the beta configuration.

scholarly journals The interaction of xylosyltransferase and glucuronyltransferase involved in glucuronoxylan synthesis in pea (Pisum sativum) epicotyls

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A H Baydoun ◽  
K W Waldron ◽  
C T Brett
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Acid Incorporation

A particulate enzyme preparation from etiolated pea (Pisum sativum) epicotyls was found to incorporate xylose from UDP-D-xylose into beta-(1----4)-xylan. The ability of this xylan to act as an acceptor for incorporation of [14C]glucuronic acid from UDP-D-[14C]glucuronic acid in a subsequent incubation was very limited, even though glucuronic acid incorporation was greatly prolonged when UDP-D-xylose was present in the same incubation as UDP-D-[14C]glucuronic acid. This indicated that glucuronic acid could not be added to preformed xylan. However, the presence of UDP-D-glucuronic acid inhibited incorporation of [14C]xylose from UDP-D-[14C]xylose into beta-(1----4)-xylan, and neither S-adenosylmethionine nor acetyl-CoA stimulated either the xylosyltransferase or the glucuronyltransferase.

A POLYSACCHARIDE FROM THE BLUE-GREEN ALGA, ANABAENA CYLINDRICA

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 999-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Bishop ◽  
G. A. Adams ◽  
E. O. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Blue Green Alga ◽  
Anabaena Cylindrica ◽  
Chemical Homogeneity ◽  
Fresh Water Alga

A complex polysaccharide has been isolated from the fresh-water alga, Anabaena cylindrica, grown in a synthetic culture medium. Prolonged acid hydrolysis yielded glucose, xylose, glucuronic acid, galactose, rhamnose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 5: 4: 4: 1: 1: 1. Chemical fractionations of the polysaccharide material from solution in cupriethylenediamine, and of its acetate from organic solvents indicated chemical homogeneity.

STRUCTURE OF THE EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCED BY XANTHOMONAS ORYZAE

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2204-2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Misaki ◽  
S. Kirkwood ◽  
J. V. Scaletti ◽  
F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Sodium Borohydride Reduction ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Structural Significance ◽  
Molecular Proportion

The extracellular polysaccharide isolated from cultures of Xanthomonas oryzae is composed of D-glucose (5 molecular proportions), D-glucuronic acid (2 molecular proportions), and D-mannose (5 molecular proportions). Acid hydrolysis of this polysaccharide, which contains 0.3% combined pyruvic acid, yields 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid D-mannose, which has been characterized as its crystalline fully methylated β-glycoside. Hydrolysis of the methylated polysaccharide gives 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-mannose (3 molecular proportions), 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid (1 molecular proportion), 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucose (4 molecular proportions), 3,4,6-tri-O-methyl-D-mannose (2 molecular proportions), 2,6-di-O-methyl-D-glucose (3 molecular proportions), 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-glucose (1 molecular proportion). The polyalcohol derived from the polysaccharide by periodate oxidation followed by sodium borohydride reduction gives upon acid hydrolysis glycerol (2 molecular proportions), erythritol (1 molecular proportion), and D-glucose (1 molecular proportion). The general structural significance of these findings is discussed.

scholarly journals Camelina sativa meal hydrolysate as sustainable biomass for the production of carotenoids by Rhodosporidium toruloides

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bertacchi ◽  
Maurizio Bettiga ◽  
Danilo Porro ◽  
Paola Branduardi
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Rhodosporidium Toruloides ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Separate Hydrolysis And Fermentation ◽  
Camelina Meal ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Abstract Background: The sustainability of biorefineries is strongly related to the origin, the availability and the market of the biomass used as feedstock. Moreover, one of the pillars of circular economy aims at reducing waste, ideally to zero. These considerations well justify the increasing industrial interest in exploiting many and diverse residual biomasses. This work focuses on the valorization of the leftover from Camelina sativa oil extraction, named Camelina meal. Despite Camelina meal is used as animal feed, there is an increasing interest in further valorizing its macromolecular content or its nutritional value. Results: Here we valorized Camelina meal hydrolysates by using them as nutrient and energy source for shake-flask fermentations where Rhodosporidium toruloides , a yeast natural producer of carotenoids, accumulated these pigments as desired product. Initially, by total acid hydrolysis we determined that in Camelina meal carbohydrates account for a maximum of 30.8 ± 1.0 %. However, since the acid hydrolysis is not optimal for subsequent microbial fermentation, an enzymatic hydrolysis protocol was assessed, obtaining a maximum sugar recovery of 53.3%. Having stated that, by Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation, with or without water insoluble solids (SHF, SHF+WIS), or Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) we obtained 5.51 ± 0.67, 12.64 ± 2.57, and 15.97 ± 0.67 mg/L of carotenoids, respectively, from Camelina meal hydrolysate. Significantly, the presence of WIS, possibly containing microbial inhibitors, correlates with a higher titer of carotenoids, which can be seen as scavengers. Conclusions: The proposed study paves the way for the development of bioprocesses based on the exploitation of Camelina meal, scarcely investigated in the field before, as feedstock. The processes depicted provide an example of how different final products of industrial interests can be obtained from this leftover, such as pure carotenoids and carotenoid-enriched Camelina meal for the feed industry, without diminishing but possibly increasing its initial value. These data provide valuable basis for the economic evaluations necessary to assess the feasibility of a bioprocess based on Camelina meal to obtain high-value added products.

Analysis of Protein from Pea (Pisum sativum) and Gram (Cicer arietinum) by Electrophoresis and Paper Chromatography

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 860-863
Author(s):  
Afsheen Mushtaque ◽  
Muhammad Saleh Memo ◽  
Allah Nawaz Memo ◽  
Abdul Wahab Ansa ◽  
Basir Ahmed Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Paper Chromatography

scholarly journals Preparation of a Novel Glucuronomannan from Auricularia Auricala and its Immunological Activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonghong Li ◽  
Dan Jiang ◽  
Hongtao Bi ◽  
Dazheng Liu ◽  
Sungju Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Ft Ir

A glucuronomannan (AA-4-H, Mw around 4 KDa) was prepared from the fruit bodies of Auricularia auricala by extraction with hot water, deproteination by Sevag reagent, stepwise precipitation with ethanol and partial acid hydrolysis. Monosaccharides analysis revealed that AA-4-H consisted of 91% mannose (Man) and 9% glucuronic acid (GlcA). FT-IR, NMR and methylation analyses indicated that AA-4-H is a branched glucuronomannan. Its main chains are composed of 1, 3-linked α-Man p, side chains are single α-Man p or α-GlcA residues attached to the O-2 and O-6 of Man residues of the main chains. Bioassay indicated that AA-4-H remarkably enhanced B lymphocyte proliferation and increased the production of nitric oxide of macrophages in vitro. Thus, glucuronomannan AA-4-H could be explored as a potential immunostimulation agent.

scholarly journals 4-pyridylmethyl, a thiol-protecting group suitable for the partial synthesis of proteins

1979 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
U T Rüegg ◽  
D Jarvis ◽  
J Rudinger
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Bovine Insulin ◽  
Protecting Group ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Partial Synthesis ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Good Solubility

Cysteine is converted into S-4-pyridylmethylcysteine [Gosden, Stevenson & Young (1972) J. Chem. Soc. Chem Commun. 1123-1124] by 4-pyridylmethyl chloride in aqueous propanol at pH 8.3. The derivative is stable to the conditions of total acid hydrolysis. Reduction and alkylation of bovine insulin (pH 8.3, aq. 50% propanol) gives fully S-substituted derivatives in excellent yields. The S-pyridylmethylated A- and B-chains of insulin were separated by gel filtration: each of them has good solubility properties. The pyridylmethyl group is cleaved by electrolysis in a dilute acid medium, pH 2.6, to give reduced chains. They can be recombined to give insulin in the same yield and with the same degree of biological activity as chains which had not been subjected to the protection and de-protection steps. The results indicate that pyridylmethyl satisfactorily meets requirements for partial synthesis and suggest that it warrants more general use.

URONIC ACIDS FROM WHITE SPRUCE (PICEA GLAUCA (MOENCH) VOSS)

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Uronic Acids ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Acidic Sugars ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Acidic Components

Acid hydrolysis of extractive-free white spruce wood produced a number of neutral and acidic sugars and oligosaccharides. The acidic components were isolated and three of these were shown to be 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid, 2-O-(4-O-methyl-α-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-D-xylose, and tentatively O-(4-O-methyl-α-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1→ 2)-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→ 4)-D-xylopyranose.

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