scholarly journals The arterial microenvironment: the where and why of atherosclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 473 (10) ◽  
pp. 1281-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Yurdagul ◽  
Alexandra C. Finney ◽  
Matthew D. Woolard ◽  
A. Wayne Orr
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation ◽  
Clinical Consequences

Changes in the local microenvironment regulate multiple aspects of vascular and inflammatory cell phenotype, determining the location, composition and clinical consequences of atherosclerotic plaque formation.

scholarly journals Palmitoylethanolamide Promotes a Proresolving Macrophage Phenotype and Attenuates Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2562-2575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petteri Rinne ◽  
Raquel Guillamat-Prats ◽  
Martina Rami ◽  
Laura Bindila ◽  
Larisa Ring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Macrophage Phenotype ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation

scholarly journals Pharmacological inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B protects against atherosclerotic plaque formation in the LDLR−/− mouse model of atherosclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (20) ◽  
pp. 2489-2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Thompson ◽  
Nicola Morrice ◽  
Louise Grant ◽  
 Samantha Le Sommer ◽  
Emma K. Lees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Protein Tyrosine ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most prevalent cause of mortality among patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Recent evidence suggests a strong link between atherosclerosis and insulin resistance, due to impaired insulin receptor (IR) signalling. Here, we demonstrate that inhibiting the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), the major negative regulator of the IR prevents and reverses atherosclerotic plaque formation in an LDLR−/− mouse model of atherosclerosis. Acute (single dose) or chronic PTP1B inhibitor (trodusquemine) treatment of LDLR−/− mice decreased weight gain and adiposity, improved glucose homeostasis and attenuated atherosclerotic plaque formation. This was accompanied by a reduction in both, circulating total cholesterol and triglycerides, a decrease in aortic monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression levels and hyperphosphorylation of aortic Akt/PKB and AMPKα. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that PTP1B inhibitors could be used in prevention and reversal of atherosclerosis development and reduction in CVD risk.

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