Pancreatic β-cell identity, glucose sensing and the control of insulin secretion

2015 ◽  
Vol 466 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy A. Rutter ◽  
Timothy J. Pullen ◽  
David J. Hodson ◽  
Aida Martinez-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Anabolic Hormone ◽  
Blood Glucose Homeostasis

By synthesizing and releasing the anabolic hormone insulin, pancreatic beta cells are essential for normal blood glucose homeostasis in mammals. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of how these cells respond to nutrients with the release of the hormone, and how this process becomes defective in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Appropriate therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus in view of pancreatic β-cell glucose toxicity: “the earlier, the better”

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Kaneto ◽  
Taka-aki Matsuoka ◽  
Tomohiko Kimura ◽  
Atsushi Obata ◽  
Masashi Shimoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Toxicity ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Cell Glucose

scholarly journals Administration of mulberry leaves maintains pancreatic β-cell mass in obese/type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse model

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patlada Suthamwong ◽  
Manabu Minami ◽  
Toshiaki Okada ◽  
Nonomi Shiwaku ◽  
Mai Uesugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Mulberry Leaves

scholarly journals Long-noncoding RNA NBR2 via targeting miR-19a-3p regulates pancreatic β cell function and provides novel biomarkers for type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wan ◽  
Xinying Song ◽  
Baoqing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major kind of diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to analyze the regulatory effect of long noncoding RNA NBR2 on pancreatic  cell function and the related mechanisms, and to analyze the clinical significance of abnormal NBR2 expression in patients with T2DM.Material and methodsThe expression levels of NBR2 and microRNA-19a-3p (miR-19a-3p) were measured using quantitative Real-Time PCR. The glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was measured using ELISA kit, and cell proliferation was examined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the relationship between NBR2 and miR-19a-3p. The diagnostic values of NBR2, miR-19a-3p and NBR2 combined with miR-19a-3p were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsThe insulin secretion and proliferation of INS-1 cells were inhibited by NBR2 overexpression, and were promoted by NBR2 knockdown. MiR-19a-3p, which was inhibited by NBR2 overexpression, directly mediated the regulatory effects of NBR2 on INS-1 cell function. Increased serum NBR2 level and decreased serum miR-19a-3p level were found in T2DM patients, and a negative correlation was found between NBR2 and miR-19a-3p. The fasting plasma glucose of T2DM patients was positively correlated with serum NBR2 and negatively correlated with serum miR-19a-3p. Both serum NBR2 and miR-19a-3p had certain diagnostic accuracy, whereas, the combined detection of the serum NBR2 and miR-19a-3p showed more considerable diagnostic accuracy.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that NBR2/miR-19a-3p axis regulates pancreatic β cell function, while may be novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of T2DM.

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