scholarly journals Mouse aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3B2 is localized to lipid droplets via two C-terminal tryptophan residues and lipid modification

2014 ◽  
Vol 465 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Kitamura ◽  
Shuyu Takagi ◽  
Tatsuro Naganuma ◽  
Akio Kihara
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Lipid Modification ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenases ◽  
Tryptophan Residues

The mouse aldehyde dehydrogenases ALDH3B2 and ALDH3B3 exhibit similar substrate specificity but distinct intracellular localization (ALDH3B2, lipid droplets; ALDH3B3, plasma membrane). The C-terminal prenylation and two tryptophan residues are important for the lipid droplet localization of ALDH3B2.

scholarly journals Purification and characterization of a rat brain aldehyde dehydrogenase able to metabolize γ-aminobutyraldehyde to γ-aminobutyric acid

1990 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Abe ◽  
K Takada ◽  
K Ohkawa ◽  
M Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenases ◽  
Brain Tissues

An enzyme which catalyses dehydrogenation of gamma-aminobutyraldehyde (ABAL) to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was purified to homogeneity from rat brain tissues by using DEAE-cellulose and affinity chromatography on 5′-AMP-Sepharose, phosphocellulose and Blue Agarose, followed by gel filtration. Such an enzyme was first purified from mammalian brain tissues, and was identified as an isoenzyme of aldehyde dehydrogenase. It has an Mr of 210,000 determined by polyacrylamide-gradient-gel electrophoresis, and appeared to be composed of subunits of Mr 50,000. The close similarity of substrate specificity toward acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and glycolaldehyde between the enzyme and other aldehyde dehydrogenases previously reported was observed. But substrate specificity of the enzyme toward ABAL was higher than those of aldehyde dehydrogenases from human liver (E1 and E2), and was lower than those of ABAL dehydrogenases from human liver (E3), Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas species. The Mr and relative amino acid composition of the enzyme are also similar to those of E1 and E2. The existence of this enzyme in mammalian brain seems to be related to a glutamate decarboxylase-independent pathway (alternative pathway) for GABA synthesis from putrescine.

Role and structural characterization of plant aldehyde dehydrogenases from family 2 and family 7

2015 ◽  
Vol 468 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radka Končitíková ◽  
Armelle Vigouroux ◽  
Martina Kopečná ◽  
Tomáš Andree ◽  
Jan Bartoš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenases ◽  
High Conservation

We performed structure–function studies on two plant aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) families involved in fertility restoration (RF) and stress tolerance. The high conservation of family 7 is linked to α-aminoadipic semialdehyde oxidation, whereas the less conserved family 2 is more diverse in substrate specificity.

scholarly journals Indolylbenzothiadiazoles as highly tunable fluorophores for imaging lipid droplet accumulation in astrocytes and glioblastoma cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (39) ◽  
pp. 23960-23967
Author(s):  
Kilian Colas ◽  
Karl O. Holmberg ◽  
Linus Chiang ◽  
Susanne Doloczki ◽  
Fredrik J. Swartling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Glioblastoma Cells ◽  
Photophysical Study

We present an extensive photophysical study of a series of fluorescent indolylbenzothiadiazole derivatives and their ability to specifically image lipid droplets in astrocytes and glioblastoma cells.

scholarly journals Aldehyde dehydrogenase in 2-acetaminofluorene-induced rat hepatomas. Ontogeny and evidence that the new isoenzymes are not due to normal gene de-repression

1977 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Lindahl
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Adult Liver ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenases ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Liver Aldehyde Dehydrogenase

The pre- and post-natal ontogeny of Sprague–Dawley rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase [aldehyde–NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.1.5] is described. At no time in its ontogenetic development does normal liver aldehyde dehydrogenase exhibit any of the characteristics of a series of unique aldehyde dehydrogenases that can be isolated from 2-acetamidofluorene-induced rat hepatomas. Enzyme activity is first detectable in 15-day foetal liver and gradually increases throughout pre- and post-natal development until adult activities are attained by day 49 after birth. Electrophoretically, normal aldehyde dehydrogenase, throughout its ontogeny, exists as the same single isoenzyme found in normal adult liver. Isoelectric points for two normal liver isoenzymes demonstrable by isoelectric focusing are pH5.9 and 6.0. The immunochemical properties of aldehyde dehydrogenase during its ontogeny are identical with those of normal adult liver aldehyde dehydrogenase when tested against anti-(hepatoma aldehyde dehydrogenase) serum in Ouchterlony double-diffusion tests. The results indicate that the hepatoma-specific aldehyde dehydrogenases are not the result of the de-repression of genes normally repressed in adult rat liver or in some other adult tissue.

Identification of Perilipin-2 as a lipid droplet protein regulated in oocytes during maturation

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Yang ◽  
Kylie R. Dunning ◽  
Linda L.-Y. Wu ◽  
Theresa E. Hickey ◽  
Robert J. Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Perilipin 2 ◽  
Lipid Droplet Protein

Lipid droplet proteins regulate the storage and utilisation of intracellular lipids. Evidence is emerging that oocyte lipid utilisation impacts embryo development, but lipid droplet proteins have not been studied in oocytes. The aim of the present study was to characterise the size and localisation of lipid droplets in mouse oocytes during the periovulatory period and to identify lipid droplet proteins as potential biomarkers of oocyte lipid content. Oocyte lipid droplets, visualised using a novel method of staining cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) with BODIPY 493/503, were small and diffuse in oocytes of preovulatory COCs, but larger and more centrally located after maturation in response to ovulatory human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in vivo, or FSH + epidermal growth factor in vitro. Lipid droplet proteins Perilipin, Perilipin-2, cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor 45-like effector (CIDE)-A and CIDE-B were detected in the mouse ovary by immunohistochemistry, but only Perilipin-2 was associated with lipid droplets in the oocyte. In COCs, Perilipin-2 mRNA and protein increased in response to ovulatory hCG. IVM failed to induce Perilipin-2 mRNA, yet oocyte lipid content was increased in this context, indicating that Perilipin-2 is not necessarily reflective of relative oocyte lipid content. Thus, Perilipin-2 is a lipid droplet protein in oocytes and its induction in the COC concurrent with dynamic reorganisation of lipid droplets suggests marked changes in lipid utilisation during oocyte maturation.

scholarly journals HSD17B13: A Potential Therapeutic Target for NAFLD

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-bo Zhang ◽  
Wen Su ◽  
Hu Xu ◽  
Xiao-yan Zhang ◽  
You-fei Guan
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Associated Proteins

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially in its inflammatory form (steatohepatitis, NASH), is closely related to the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. Despite substantial advances in the management of NAFLD/NASH in recent years, there are currently no efficacious therapies for its treatment. The biogenesis and expansion of lipid droplets (LDs) are critical pathophysiological processes in the development of NAFLD/NASH. In the past decade, increasing evidence has demonstrated that lipid droplet-associated proteins may represent potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH given the critical role they play in regulating the biogenesis and metabolism of lipid droplets. Recently, HSD17B13, a newly identified liver-enriched, hepatocyte-specific, lipid droplet-associated protein, has been reported to be strongly associated with the development and progression of NAFLD/NASH in both mice and humans. Notably, human genetic studies have repeatedly reported a robust association of HSD17B13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the occurrence and severity of NAFLD/NASH and other chronic liver diseases (CLDs). Here we briefly overview the discovery, tissue distribution, and subcellular localization of HSD17B13 and highlight its important role in promoting the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH in both experimental animal models and patients. We also discuss the potential of HSD17B13 as a promising target for the development of novel therapeutic agents for NAFLD/NASH.

scholarly journals Identification of a novel member of the Rab8 family from the rat basophilic leukaemia cell line, RBL.2H3

1996 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1265-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Armstrong ◽  
N. Thompson ◽  
J.H. Squire ◽  
J. Smith ◽  
B. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Transient Transfection ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Leukaemia Cell ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Epitope Tag ◽  
Leukaemia Cell Line

We describe the cloning of a cDNA from the rat basophilic leukaemia cell line (RBL.2H3) encoding a novel member of the Rab family of small GTP binding proteins. The novel clone, which we call Rab8b, is most highly related to the Rab8 family with substantial divergence in the variable C-terminal domain. Northern blot analysis reveals highest levels of expression of Rab8b in the spleen, testis and brain, which is in marked contrast to the tissue distribution of Rab8. The Rab8b cDNA was modified to introduce a c-myc epitope tag at the extreme N terminus of the protein, and transient transfection studies were performed to analyse the intracellular localization of Rab8b by confocal microscopy. Transient expression of the c-myc/Rab8b fusion protein in both PC12 and RBL.2H3 cells shows staining of both the plasma membrane and ill-defined vesicular structures, and in the case of RBL.2H3 cells appears to induce striking outgrowths of the plasma membrane.

773 HEPATITIS C VIRUS AND LIPID DROPLETS: ROLE OF SEIPIN IN LIPID DROPLET MATURATION AND VIRAL LIFE CYCLE

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. S311 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Clement ◽  
C. Fauvelle ◽  
S. Pascarella ◽  
S. Conzelmann ◽  
V. Kaddai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Viral Life Cycle
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