The Hsp90 molecular chaperone: an open and shut case for treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 410 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence H. Pearl ◽  
Chrisostomos Prodromou ◽  
Paul Workman
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Chaperone ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Accessory Proteins ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
Client Proteins ◽  
Atp Binding And Hydrolysis ◽  
Made In

The molecular chaperone Hsp90 (90 kDa heat-shock protein) is a remarkably versatile protein involved in the stress response and in normal homoeostatic control mechanisms. It interacts with ‘client proteins’, including protein kinases, transcription factors and others, and either facilitates their stabilization and activation or directs them for proteasomal degradation. By this means, Hsp90 displays a multifaceted ability to influence signal transduction, chromatin remodelling and epigenetic regulation, development and morphological evolution. Hsp90 operates as a dimer in a conformational cycle driven by ATP binding and hydrolysis at the N-terminus. The cycle is also regulated by a group of co-chaperones and accessory proteins. Here we review the biology of the Hsp90 molecular chaperone, emphasizing recent progress in our understanding of structure–function relationships and the identification of new client proteins. In addition we describe the exciting progress that has been made in the development of Hsp90 inhibitors, which are now showing promise in the clinic for cancer treatment. We also identify the gaps in our current understanding and highlight important topics for future research.

scholarly journals Molecular chaperones and their denaturing effect on client proteins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Hiller
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Chaperone ◽  
Molecular Chaperones ◽  
Backbone Dynamics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chaperone Function ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Client Proteins ◽  
Biophysical Techniques ◽  
Nmr Methods ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Advanced NMR methods combined with biophysical techniques have recently provided unprecedented insight into structure and dynamics of molecular chaperones and their interaction with client proteins. These studies showed that several molecular chaperones are able to dissolve aggregation-prone polypeptides in aqueous solution. Furthermore, chaperone-bound clients often feature fluid-like backbone dynamics and chaperones have a denaturing effect on clients. Interestingly, these effects that chaperones have on client proteins resemble the effects of known chaotropic substances. Following this analogy, chaotropicity could be a fruitful concept to describe, quantify and rationalize molecular chaperone function. In addition, the observations raise the possibility that at least some molecular chaperones might share functional similarities with chaotropes. We discuss these concepts and outline future research in this direction.

Marijuana Use and Abuse in Adolescence

2016 ◽  
pp. 168-188
Author(s):  
Dana M. Litt ◽  
Jason R. Kilmer ◽  
Susan F. Tapert ◽  
Christine M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Marijuana Decriminalization ◽  
Reasons For Use ◽  
Adolescent Marijuana Use ◽  
Made In

This chapter reviews the extant literature surrounding adolescent marijuana use and abuse. Other than alcohol, marijuana is the most prevalent psychoactive substance used by adolescents. While recent progress has been made in understanding and identifying risk and protective factors of adolescent marijuana use, as well as short and longer term outcomes of use, the field is still in its infancy. The present chapter aims to summarize the prevalence, etiology, trajectories of use, motivations and reasons for use, and the physical and psychological consequences of marijuana use in adolescence. Finally, this chapter highlights the need for future research given the changing landscape of marijuana decriminalization in the United States and beyond.

Potential of Nanoparticles in Combating Candida Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faizan Abul Qais ◽  
Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan ◽  
Iqbal Ahmad ◽  
Abdullah Safar Althubiani
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
Made In

Aims: The aim of this review is to survey the recent progress made in developing the nanoparticles as antifungal agents especially the nano-based formulations being exploited for the management of Candida infections. Discussion: In the last few decades, there has been many-fold increase in fungal infections including candidiasis due to the increased number of immunocompromised patients worldwide. The efficacy of available antifungal drugs is limited due to its associated toxicity and drug resistance in clinical strains. The recent advancements in nanobiotechnology have opened a new hope for the development of novel formulations with enhanced therapeutic efficacy, improved drug delivery and low toxicity. Conclusion: Metal nanoparticles have shown to possess promising in vitro antifungal activities and could be effectively used for enhanced and targeted delivery of conventionally used drugs. The synergistic interaction between nanoparticles and various antifungal agents have also been reported with enhanced antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Principles of Different X-ray Phase-Contrast Imaging: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2971
Author(s):  
Siwei Tao ◽  
Congxiao He ◽  
Xiang Hao ◽  
Cuifang Kuang ◽  
Xu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Made In

Numerous advances have been made in X-ray technology in recent years. X-ray imaging plays an important role in the nondestructive exploration of the internal structures of objects. However, the contrast of X-ray absorption images remains low, especially for materials with low atomic numbers, such as biological samples. X-ray phase-contrast images have an intrinsically higher contrast than absorption images. In this review, the principles, milestones, and recent progress of X-ray phase-contrast imaging methods are demonstrated. In addition, prospective applications are presented.

scholarly journals Rational design of photocatalysts for ammonia production from water and nitrogen gas

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seokwoo Choe ◽  
Sung Min Kim ◽  
Yeji Lee ◽  
Jin Seok ◽  
Jiyong Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Made In

AbstractPhotocatalytic N2 reduction has emerged as one of the most attractive routes to produce NH3 as a useful commodity for chemicals used in industries and as a carbon-free energy source. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding, exploring, and designing efficient photocatalyst. In this review, we outline the important mechanistic and experimental procedures for photocatalytic NH3 production. In addition, we review effective strategies on development of photocatalysts. Finally, our analyses on the characteristics and modifications of photocatalysts have been summarized, based on which we discuss the possible future research directions, particularly on preparing more efficient catalysts. Overall, this review provides insights on improving photocatalytic NH3 production and designing solar-driven chemical conversions.

scholarly journals Recent Progress of Fluxgate Magnetic Sensors: Basic Research and Application

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1500
Author(s):  
Songrui Wei ◽  
Xiaoqi Liao ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Jianhua Pang ◽  
Yan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Magnetic Sensor ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Wearable Electronic ◽  
Wearable Electronic Devices

Fluxgate magnetic sensors are especially important in detecting weak magnetic fields. The mechanism of a fluxgate magnetic sensor is based on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. The structure of a fluxgate magnetic sensor mainly consists of excitation windings, core and sensing windings, similar to the structure of a transformer. To date, they have been applied to many fields such as geophysics and astro-observations, wearable electronic devices and non-destructive testing. In this review, we report the recent progress in both the basic research and applications of fluxgate magnetic sensors, especially in the past two years. Regarding the basic research, we focus on the progress in lowering the noise, better calibration methods and increasing the sensitivity. Concerning applications, we introduce recent work about fluxgate magnetometers on spacecraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, wearable electronic devices and defect detection in coiled tubing. Based on the above work, we hope that we can have a clearer prospect about the future research direction of fluxgate magnetic sensor.

scholarly journals Bimetallic Ni-Based Catalysts for CO2 Methanation: A Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Anastasios I. Tsiotsias ◽  
Nikolaos D. Charisiou ◽  
Ioannis V. Yentekakis ◽  
Maria A. Goula
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Alloy Formation ◽  
Co2 Methanation ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Low Dispersion ◽  
Made In

CO2 methanation has recently emerged as a process that targets the reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emissions, via the conversion of CO2 captured from point and mobile sources, as well as H2 produced from renewables into CH4. Ni, among the early transition metals, as well as Ru and Rh, among the noble metals, have been known to be among the most active methanation catalysts, with Ni being favoured due to its low cost and high natural abundance. However, insufficient low-temperature activity, low dispersion and reducibility, as well as nanoparticle sintering are some of the main drawbacks when using Ni-based catalysts. Such problems can be partly overcome via the introduction of a second transition metal (e.g., Fe, Co) or a noble metal (e.g., Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd and Re) in Ni-based catalysts. Through Ni-M alloy formation, or the intricate synergy between two adjacent metallic phases, new high-performing and low-cost methanation catalysts can be obtained. This review summarizes and critically discusses recent progress made in the field of bimetallic Ni-M (M = Fe, Co, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd, Re)-based catalyst development for the CO2 methanation reaction.

Access Control Mechanisms in Named Data Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Boubakr Nour ◽  
Hakima Khelifi ◽  
Rasheed Hussain ◽  
Spyridon Mastorakis ◽  
Hassine Moungla
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Future Internet Architecture ◽  
Comprehensive Survey

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) has recently emerged as a prominent candidate for the Future Internet Architecture (FIA) that addresses existing issues with the host-centric communication model of the current TCP/IP-based Internet. Named Data Networking (NDN) is one of the most recent and active ICN architectures that provides a clean-slate approach for Internet communication. NDN provides intrinsic content security where security is directly provided to the content instead of communication channel. Among other security aspects, Access Control (AC) rules specify the privileges for the entities that can access the content. In TCP/IP-based AC systems, due to the client-server communication model, the servers control which client can access a particular content. In contrast, ICN-based networks use content names to drive communication and decouple the content from its original location. This phenomenon leads to the loss of control over the content, causing different challenges for the realization of efficient AC mechanisms. To date, considerable efforts have been made to develop various AC mechanisms in NDN. In this article, we provide a detailed and comprehensive survey of the AC mechanisms in NDN. We follow a holistic approach towards AC in NDN where we first summarize the ICN paradigm, describe the changes from channel-based security to content-based security, and highlight different cryptographic algorithms and security protocols in NDN. We then classify the existing AC mechanisms into two main categories: Encryption-based AC and Encryption-independent AC . Each category has different classes based on the working principle of AC (e.g., Attribute-based AC, Name-based AC, Identity-based AC). Finally, we present the lessons learned from the existing AC mechanisms and identify the challenges of NDN-based AC at large, highlighting future research directions for the community.

Perspective of Organoboron Chemistry

Synlett ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingbing Kong ◽  
Chunming Cui
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Materials Chemistry ◽  
Organoboron Compounds ◽  
The Future ◽  
Research Hotspots

Organoboron compounds play prominent roles in structural, synthetic and materials chemistry because the boron atoms may feature electrophilic, amphiphilic and nucleophilic characters. This perspective briefly describes the most recent progress in organoboron chemistry by focusing on both new advent boron molecules and their applications, which greatly inspire the interest of main group chemists. Meanwhile, the future research hotspots based on these pioneering results are also discussed.

scholarly journals Recent progress on the corrosion behavior of metallic materials in HF solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailong Dai ◽  
Shouwen Shi ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Can Guo ◽  
Xu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fluoride Ion ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Chemical Coupling ◽  
Corrosion Behaviors ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms

Abstract Hydrofluoric acid (HF) or fluoride ion corrosion issues are often encountered in many fields, which have attracted extensive research due to its strong corrosiveness. In this paper, a critical review is presented based on recent progress on HF corrosion. In view of the discrepancy of fluoride ion compared with other ions, the special attack characteristics of fluoride ion are firstly discussed. Afterwards, the corrosion mechanisms of stainless steels, nickel-based alloys, and titanium alloys in HF solution or fluoride ion-containing environment are reviewed, and three typical corrosion behaviors are summarized, which are essentially weakening process of passivation of metallic materials. The effects of influencing factors (e.g. alloying elements, environmental factors, and stress, etc.) on HF corrosion are also discussed, which involve changes in passivation mechanism, the influence of HF attack mode and multiple damage mechanisms due to mechanical–chemical coupling. Finally, future research works on HF corrosion are proposed.

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