scholarly journals Kinetic, thermodynamic and X-ray structural insights into the interaction of melatonin and analogues with quinone reductase 2

2008 ◽  
Vol 413 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Calamini ◽  
Bernard D. Santarsiero ◽  
Jean A. Boutin ◽  
Andrew D. Mesecar
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Quinone Reductase ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Titration Calorimetry ◽  
Allosteric Site ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Quinone Reductase 2

Melatonin exerts its biological effects through at least two transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors, MT1 and MT2, and a lower-affinity cytosolic binding site, designated MT3. MT3 has recently been identified as QR2 (quinone reductase 2) (EC 1.10.99.2) which is of significance since it links the antioxidant effects of melatonin to a mechanism of action. Initially, QR2 was believed to function analogously to QR1 in protecting cells from highly reactive quinones. However, recent studies indicate that QR2 may actually transform certain quinone substrates into more highly reactive compounds capable of causing cellular damage. Therefore it is hypothesized that inhibition of QR2 in certain cases may lead to protection of cells against these highly reactive species. Since melatonin is known to inhibit QR2 activity, but its binding site and mode of inhibition are not known, we determined the mechanism of inhibition of QR2 by melatonin and a series of melatonin and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) analogues, and we determined the X-ray structures of melatonin and 2-iodomelatonin in complex with QR2 to between 1.5 and 1.8 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm) resolution. Finally, the thermodynamic binding constants for melatonin and 2-iodomelatonin were determined by ITC (isothermal titration calorimetry). The kinetic results indicate that melatonin is a competitive inhibitor against N-methyldihydronicotinamide (Ki=7.2 μM) and uncompetitive against menadione (Ki=92 μM), and the X-ray structures shows that melatonin binds in multiple orientations within the active sites of the QR2 dimer as opposed to an allosteric site. These results provide new insights into the binding mechanisms of melatonin and analogues to QR2.

scholarly journals X-ray structural studies of quinone reductase 2 nanomolar range inhibitors

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1182-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Pegan ◽  
Megan Sturdy ◽  
Gilles Ferry ◽  
Philippe Delagrange ◽  
Jean A. Boutin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quinone Reductase ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Quinone Reductase 2 ◽  
Nanomolar Range

scholarly journals Structure of a highly acidic β-lactamase from the moderate halophileChromohalobactersp. 560 and the discovery of a Cs+-selective binding site

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeki Arai ◽  
Yasushi Yonezawa ◽  
Nobuo Okazaki ◽  
Fumiko Matsumoto ◽  
Chie Shibazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Titration Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Specific Binding Sites ◽  
Enzymatic Function

Environmentally friendly absorbents are needed for Sr2+and Cs+, as the removal of the radioactive Sr2+and Cs+that has leaked from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant is one of the most important problems in Japan. Halophilic proteins are known to have many acidic residues on their surface that can provide specific binding sites for metal ions such as Cs+or Sr2+. The crystal structure of a halophilic β-lactamase fromChromohalobactersp. 560 (HaBLA) was determined to resolutions of between 1.8 and 2.9 Å in space groupP31using X-ray crystallography. Moreover, the locations of bound Sr2+and Cs+ions were identified by anomalous X-ray diffraction. The location of one Cs+-specific binding site was identified in HaBLA even in the presence of a ninefold molar excess of Na+(90 mMNa+/10 mMCs+). From an activity assay using isothermal titration calorimetry, the bound Sr2+and Cs+ions do not significantly affect the enzymatic function of HaBLA. The observation of a selective and high-affinity Cs+-binding site provides important information that is useful for the design of artificial Cs+-binding sites that may be useful in the bioremediation of radioactive isotopes.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Properties of Quinone Reductase 2 Inhibitor M-11, a 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole Derivative

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13061
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Voronin ◽  
Ilya A. Kadnikov ◽  
Liana F. Zainullina ◽  
Ilya O. Logvinov ◽  
Ekaterina R. Verbovaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Quinone Reductase ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Quinone Reductase 2 ◽  
Late Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Cell Percentage ◽  
Endogenous Substrate

The ability of NQO2 to increase the production of free radicals under enhanced generation of quinone derivatives of catecholamines is considered to be a component of neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of original NQO2 inhibitor M-11 (2-[2-(3-oxomorpholin-4-il)-ethylthio]-5-ethoxybenzimidazole hydrochloride) in a cellular damage model using NQO2 endogenous substrate adrenochrome (125 µM) and co-substrate BNAH (100 µM). The effects of M-11 (10–100 µM) on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis and lesion of nuclear DNA were evaluated using flow cytometry and single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay). Results were compared with S29434, the reference inhibitor of NQO2. It was found that treatment of HT-22 cells with M-11 results in a decline of ROS production triggered by incubation of cells with NQO2 substrate and co-substrate. Pre-incubation of HT-22 cells with compounds M-11 or S29434 results in a decrease of DNA damage and late apoptotic cell percentage reduction. The obtained results provide a rationale for further development of the M-11 compound as a potential neuroprotective agent.

Studies of the melatonin binding site location onto quinone reductase 2 by directed mutagenesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 477 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean A. Boutin ◽  
Carine Saunier ◽  
Sophie-Pénélope Guenin ◽  
Sylvie Berger ◽  
Natacha Moulharat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Quinone Reductase ◽  
Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Quinone Reductase 2

scholarly journals Biosensor-Based Approach to the Identification of Protein Kinase Ligands with Dual-Site Modes of Action

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Navratilova ◽  
Graeme Macdonald ◽  
Colin Robinson ◽  
Samantha Hughes ◽  
John Mathias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Binding Mode ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Allosteric Site ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atp Binding Site ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Dual Site

The authors have used a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)–based biosensor approach to identify and characterize compounds with a unique binding mode to protein kinases. Biacore was used to characterize hits from an enzymatic high-throughput screen of the Tec family tyrosine kinase, IL2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK). Complex binding kinetics was observed for some compounds, which led to identification of compounds that bound simultaneously at both the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding site and a second, allosteric site on ITK. The presence of the second binding site was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The second site is located in the N-terminal lobe of the protein kinase catalytic domain, adjacent to but distinct from the ATP site. To enable rapid optimization of binding properties, a competition-based Biacore assay has been developed to successfully identify second site noncompetitive binders that have been confirmed by X-ray crystallographic studies. The authors have found that SPR technology is a key method for rapid identification of compounds with dual-site modes of action.

Scanning luminescence x-ray microscopy: Progress toward selective staining using microspheres

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
C. Jacobsen ◽  
J. Fu ◽  
S. Mayer ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
S. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Polystyrene Spheres ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selective Staining ◽  
Visible Light Emission ◽  
Specific Labelling

In scanning luminescence x-ray microscopy (SLXM), a high resolution x-ray probe is used to excite visible light emission (see Figs. 1 and 2). The technique has been developed with a goal of localizing dye-tagged biochemically active sites and structures at 50 nm resolution in thick, hydrated biological specimens. Following our initial efforts, Moronne et al. have begun to develop probes based on biotinylated terbium; we report here our progress towards using microspheres for tagging.Our initial experiments with microspheres were based on commercially-available carboxyl latex spheres which emitted ~ 5 visible light photons per x-ray absorbed, and which showed good resistance to bleaching under x-ray irradiation. Other work (such as that by Guo et al.) has shown that such spheres can be used for a variety of specific labelling applications. Our first efforts have been aimed at labelling ƒ actin in Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells. By using a detergent/fixative protocol to load spheres into cells with permeabilized membranes and preserved morphology, we have succeeded in using commercial dye-loaded, spreptavidin-coated 0.03μm polystyrene spheres linked to biotin phalloidon to label f actin (see Fig. 3).

Structural/Texture Evolution During Facile Substitution of Ni into ZSM-5 Nanostructure vs. its Impregnation Dispersion Used in Selective Transformation of Methanol to Ethylene and Propylene

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Sadeghpour ◽  
Mohammad Haghighi ◽  
Mehrdad Esmaeili
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Isomorphous Substitution ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Hydrothermal Temperature ◽  
X Ray

Aim and Objective: Effect of two different modification methods for introducing Ni into ZSM-5 framework was investigated under high temperature synthesis conditions. The nickel successfully introduced into the MFI structures at different crystallization conditions to enhance the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance. Materials and Methods: A series of impregnated Ni/ZSM-5 and isomorphous substituted NiZSM-5 nanostructure catalysts were prepared hydrothermally at different high temperatures and within short times. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Brunner, Emmett and Teller-Barrett, Joyner and Halenda (BET-BJH), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (TPDNH3) were applied to investigate the physicochemical properties. Results: Although all the catalysts showed pure silica MFI–type nanosheets and coffin-like morphology, using the isomorphous substitution for Ni incorporation into the ZSM-5 framework led to the formation of materials with lower crystallinity, higher pore volume and stronger acidity compared to using impregnation method. Moreover, it was found that raising the hydrothermal temperature increased the crystallinity and enhanced more uniform incorporation of Ni atoms in the crystalline structure of catalysts. TPD-NH3 analysis demonstrated that high crystallization temperature and short crystallization time of NiZSM-5(350-0.5) resulted in fewer weak acid sites and medium acid strength. The MTO catalytic performance was tested in a fixed bed reactor at 460ºC and GHSV=10500 cm3 /gcat.h. A slightly different reaction pathway was proposed for the production of light olefins over impregnated Ni/ZSM-5 catalysts based on the role of NiO species. The enhanced methanol conversion for isomorphous substituted NiZSM-5 catalysts could be related to the most accessible active sites located inside the pores. Conclusion: The impregnated Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst prepared at low hydrothermal temperature showed the best catalytic performance, while the isomorphous substituted NiZSM-5 prepared at high temperature was found to be the active molecular sieve regarding the stability performance.

Role of the Structure and Electronic Properties of Fe2O3-MoO3 Catalyst on the Dehydration of Isopropyl Alcohol

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1591-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd El-Aziz A. Said
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Catalyst Composition ◽  
Surface Active

Molybdenum oxide catalyst doped or mixed with (1 - 50) mole % Fe3+ ions were prepared. The structure of the original samples and the samples calcined at 400 °C were characterized using DTA, X-ray diffraction and IR spectra. Measurements of the electrical conductivity of calcined samples with and without isopropyl alcohol revealed that the conductance increases on increasing the content of Fe3+ ions up to 50 mole %. The activation energies of charge carriers were determined in presence and absence of the alcohol. The catalytic dehydration of isopropyl alcohol was carried out at 250 °C using a flow system. The results obtained showed that the doped or mixed catalysts are active and selective towards propene formation. However, the catalyst containing 40 mole % Fe3+ ions exhibited the highest activity and selectivity. Correlations were attempted to the catalyst composition with their electronic and catalytic properties. Probable mechanism for the dehydration process is proposed in terms of surface active sites.

Physicochemical and Catalytic Properties of Spinels Formed by Solid-Solid Interaction Between Fe2O3and V2O5

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1131-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd El-Aziz Ahmed Said
Keyword(s):  
Vanadium Oxide ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Catalyst Surface ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Oxide Catalysts ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Selective Catalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Catalysts

Vanadium oxide catalysts doped or mixed with 1-50 mole % Fe3+ ions were prepared. The structure of the original samples and those calcined from 200 up to 500 °C were characterized by TG, DTA, IR and X-ray diffraction. The SBET values and texture of the solid catalysts were investigated. The catalytic dehydration-dehydrogenation of isopropanol was carried out at 200 °C using a flow system. The results obtained showed an observable decrease in the activity of V2O5 on the addition of Fe3+ ions. Moreover, Fe2V4O13 is the more active and selective catalyst than FeVO4 spinels. The results were correlated with the active sites created on the catalyst surface.

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