scholarly journals Metabolite transport across the peroxisomal membrane

2006 ◽  
Vol 401 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter F. Visser ◽  
Carlo W. T. van Roermund ◽  
Lodewijk Ijlst ◽  
Hans R. Waterham ◽  
Ronald J. A. Wanders
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Peroxisomal Membrane ◽  
Metabolite Transport ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Made In

In recent years, much progress has been made with respect to the unravelling of the functions of peroxisomes in metabolism, and it is now well established that peroxisomes are indispensable organelles, especially in higher eukaryotes. Peroxisomes catalyse a number of essential metabolic functions including fatty acid β-oxidation, ether phospholipid biosynthesis, fatty acid α-oxidation and glyoxylate detoxification. The involvement of peroxisomes in these metabolic pathways necessitates the transport of metabolites in and out of peroxisomes. Recently, considerable progress has been made in the characterization of metabolite transport across the peroxisomal membrane. Peroxisomes posses several specialized transport systems to transport metabolites. This is exemplified by the identification of a specific transporter for adenine nucleotides and several half-ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters which may be present as hetero- and homo-dimers. The nature of the substrates handled by the different ABC transporters is less clear. In this review we will describe the current state of knowledge of the permeability properties of the peroxisomal membrane.

Peroxisomal fatty acid α- and β-oxidation in humans: enzymology, peroxisomal metabolite transporters and peroxisomal diseases

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. A. Wanders ◽  
P. Vreken ◽  
S. Ferdinandusse ◽  
G. A. Jansen ◽  
H. R. Waterham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Peroxisomal Membrane ◽  
Subcellular Organelles ◽  
Current State ◽  
Peroxisomal Fatty Acid

Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles with an indispensable role in cellular metabolism. The importance of peroxisomes for humans is stressed by the existence of a group of genetic diseases in humans in which there is an impairment in one or more peroxisomal functions. Most of these functions have to do with lipid metabolism including the α and β-oxidation of fatty acids. Here we describe the current state of knowledge about peroxisomal fatty acid α- and β-oxidation with particular emphasis on the following: (1) the substrates β-oxidized in peroxisomes; (2) the enzymology of the α- and β-oxidation systems; (3) the permeability properties of the peroxisomal membrane and the role of the different transporters therein; (4) the interaction with other subcellular compartments, including the mitochondria, which are the ultimate site of NADH reoxidation and full degradation of acetyl-CoA to CO2 and water; and (5) the different disorders of peroxisomal α- and β-oxidation.

scholarly journals Improved Sensitivity in Low-Input Proteomics using Micro-Pillar Array-based Chromatography

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Stadlmann ◽  
Otto Hudecz ◽  
Gabriela Krššáková ◽  
Gert Van Raemdonck ◽  
Jeff Op De Beeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Pillar Array ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Current State ◽  
Complex Protein ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTCapitalizing on the massive increase in sample concentrations which are produced by extremely low elution volumes, nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS is currently one of the most sensitive analytical technologies for the comprehensive characterization of complex protein samples.However, despite tremendous technological improvements made in the production and the packing of monodisperse spherical particles for nano-flow HPLC, current state-of-the-art systems still suffer from limits in operation at the maximum potential of the technology.With the recent introduction of the µPAC system, which provides perfectly ordered micro-pillar array based chromatographic support materials, completely new chromatographic concepts for optimization towards the needs of ultra-sensitive proteomics become available.Here we report on a series of benchmarking experiments comparing the performance of a commercially available 50 cm micro-pillar array column to a widely used nano-flow HPLC column for the proteomics analysis of 10 ng tryptic HeLa cell digest.Comparative analysis of LC-MS/MS-data corroborated that micro-pillar array cartridges provide outstanding chromatographic performance, excellent retention time stability, increase sensitivity in the analysis of low-input proteomics samples, and thus repeatedly yielded almost twice as many unique peptide and unique protein group identifications when compared to conventional nano-flow HPLC columns.

scholarly journals A partial proteome reference map of the wine lactic acid bacterium Oenococcus oeni ATCC BAA-1163

Open Biology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 130154 ◽  
Author(s):  
María de la Luz Mohedano ◽  
Pasquale Russo ◽  
Vivian de los Ríos ◽  
Vittorio Capozzi ◽  
Pilar Fernández de Palencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacterium ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Oenococcus Oeni ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Reference Map ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Oenococcus oeni is the main lactic acid bacterium that carries out the malolactic fermentation in virtually all red wines and in some white and sparkling wines. Oenococcus oeni possesses an array of metabolic activities that can modify the taste and aromatic properties of wine. There is, therefore, industrial interest in the proteins involved in these metabolic pathways and related transport systems of this bacterium. In this work, we report the characterization of the O. oeni ATCC BAA-1163 proteome. Total and membrane protein preparations from O. oeni were standardized and analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 224 different spots corresponding to 152 unique proteins, which have been classified by their putative function and subjected to bioinformatics analysis.

scholarly journals Revision of some species of the genus Cryptosporidium (Tyzzer, 1907) (Eucoccidiorida, cryptosporidiidae) in cattle in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Zainab A. Makawi ◽  
Hind D Hadi ◽  
Azhar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Current State ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
Important Progress ◽  
Made In

Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite of medical and veterinary significance that causes gastroenteritis in a number of vertebrate hosts. Several studies have recorded different degrees of pathogenicity and virulence among Cryptosporidium species and isolates of the same species as well as evidence of variation in host susceptibility to infection. Nevertheless, important progress has been made in determining Cryptosporidium's putative virulence factors. Since the publication of C parvum and C. Hominis this development has been accelerated genomes, identified by a range of immunological and molecular techniques with the characterization of over 25 putative virulence factors, which are proposed to be involved in aspects of host-pathogen interactions from adhesion and locomotion to invasion and proliferation. There has also been improvement in the contribution of host variables correlated with differences in both the severity and risk of infection. In view of our current understanding of microbial virulence, we present a summary of the current state of information on Cryptosporidium infectivity, pathogenesis, and transmissibility here.

Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqui. Issues in Islamic Banking: Selected Papers, Leicester: The Islamic Foundation. 1983 , I 52pp.Author and Subject Indexes.

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Shahrukh Rafi Khan
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

The book under review is a compilation of the author's articles and lectures that highlight the prominent developments in the literature on the subject of Islamic banking and inform the reader of the current state of debate on it. One of the earliest and main contributors to this topic is the author himself. The focus of this review will mainly be on "Economics of Profit-Sharing", which is the title of the fourth chapter of the book and is among his latest contributions. This chapter is a significant contribution as it is the first attempt to formalise the concept of profit sharing into an analytical model and, therefore, demands closer scrutiny. However, in the remaining chapters of the book, the author has drawn attention to some of the fine points made in the literature on this topic. Since some of these points appear to be controversial to me, I will briefly discuss them before moving on to the analytical chapter of the book.

Bioactivity of Marine Natural Product Xyloketals

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Panda ◽  
Amal Kumar Gooyee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Marine Natural Product ◽  
Ischemic Brain Injury ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Behavior Suppression ◽  
Major Emphasis ◽  
Made In

: Oceans can play a major role in supplying life-saving medicines in the world in future. Although considerable progress has been made in finding new medicines from marine sources, large efforts are still necessary to examine such molecules for clinical applications. Xyloketals are an important group of natural products with various powerful and prominent bioactivities such as inhibition of acetylcholine esterase, antioxidant activity, inhibition of L-calcium channels, radicalscavenging behavior, suppression of cell proliferation, reduction of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, etc. This review describes the isolation and structural characterization of all xyloketal natural products giving major emphasis on their bioactivity.

Characterization of Auditory Disability and Its Relation to the Resilience

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Bibian Bibeca Bumbila García ◽  
Hernán Andrés Cedeño Cedeño ◽  
Tatiana Moreira Chica ◽  
Yaritza Rossana Parrales Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Disabled Students ◽  
Hearing Disability ◽  
Technical University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

The objective of the work is to establish the characterization of the auditory disability and its relationship with resilience at the Technical University of Manabí. The article shows a conceptual analysis related to the inclusion and social integration of disabled students. Based on the fact that the person with disabilities grows and develops in the same way as that of people without disabilities and what usually happens is that disabled people are rejected and discriminated against based on a prefabricated and erroneous conceptualization of these people. The results associated with the application of the SV-RES test prepared by the researchers are shown (Saavedra & Villalta, 2008b). Characterization of the auditory deficit is made in the students, and the limitations that derive from it are pointed out. We analyze the particularities related to communication with students who have a hearing disability and resilience in this type of student, where some personal highlights that in this sense constitute an example of resilience. Finally, the results related to the study of the relationship between students' hearing disability and the level of resilience dimensions are shown.

scholarly journals Shiga Toxin (Stx)-Binding Glycosphingolipids of Primary Human Renal Cortical Epithelial Cells (pHRCEpiCs) and Stx-Mediated Cytotoxicity

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Johanna Detzner ◽  
Elisabeth Krojnewski ◽  
Gottfried Pohlentz ◽  
Daniel Steil ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Humpf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Liquid Ordered ◽  
Uremic Syndrome

Human kidney epithelial cells are supposed to be directly involved in the pathogenesis of the hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS) caused by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). The characterization of the major and minor Stx-binding glycosphingolipids (GSLs) globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer) and globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer), respectively, of primary human renal cortical epithelial cells (pHRCEpiCs) revealed GSLs with Cer (d18:1, C16:0), Cer (d18:1, C22:0), and Cer (d18:1, C24:1/C24:0) as the dominant lipoforms. Using detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) and non-DRMs, Gb3Cer and Gb4Cer prevailed in the DRM fractions, suggesting their association with microdomains in the liquid-ordered membrane phase. A preference of Gb3Cer and Gb4Cer endowed with C24:0 fatty acid accompanied by minor monounsaturated C24:1-harboring counterparts was observed in DRMs, whereas the C24:1 fatty acid increased in relation to the saturated equivalents in non-DRMs. A shift of the dominant phospholipid phosphatidylcholine with saturated fatty acids in the DRM to unsaturated species in the non-DRM fractions correlated with the GSL distribution. Cytotoxicity assays gave a moderate susceptibility of pHRCEpiCs to the Stx1a and Stx2a subtypes when compared to highly sensitive Vero-B4 cells. The results indicate that presence of Stx-binding GSLs per se and preferred occurrence in microdomains do not necessarily lead to a high cellular susceptibility towards Stx.

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