scholarly journals Co-expression of glutaminase K and L isoenzymes in human tumour cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 386 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina PÉREZ-GÓMEZ ◽  
José A. CAMPOS-SANDOVAL ◽  
Francisco J. ALONSO ◽  
Juan A. SEGURA ◽  
Elisa MANZANARES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Human Tumour ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Human Tumour Cells ◽  
Frequent Event ◽  
Glutaminase Activity

The pattern of expression of glutaminase isoenzymes in tumour cells has been investigated to clarify its role in the malignant transformation and the prospect of its use as a clinically relevant factor. Using leukaemia cells from medullar blood of human patients and several established human cancer cell lines, we have developed a competitive RT (reverse transcriptase)-PCR assay to quantify simultaneously K-type (kidney-type) and L-type (liver-type) glutaminase mRNAs. Co-expression of both transcripts and higher amounts of L-type mRNA were always found in all cancer cell types analysed. However, mature lymphocytes from the medullar blood of a patient suffering aplasia did not express the K-type transcript and showed a 15-fold increase of L-type transcript. Co-expression was also confirmed at the protein level using isoform-specific antibodies; nevertheless, it did not correlate with the relative abundance of glutaminase transcripts and strong K-type protein signals were detected. On the other hand, marked differences were found with regard to glutamate inhibition and phosphate activation of tumour glutaminase activity. Taken together, the protein data suggest that K isoform would account for the majority of glutaminase activity in these human tumour cells. The results confirm that simultaneous expression of both isoenzymes in human cancer cells is a more frequent event than previously thought. Furthermore, the present work and other previous data suggest that K isoform is up-regulated with increased rates of proliferation, whereas prevalence of the L isoform seems to be related with resting or quiescent cell states.

Proposed cytotoxic mechanisms of the saffron carotenoids crocin and crocetin on cancer cell lines

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se Hyeuk Kim ◽  
Jung Min Lee ◽  
Sun Chang Kim ◽  
Chan Bae Park ◽  
Pyung Cheon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines

We investigated the cytotoxic activities of crocin and crocetin, 2 major carotenoids isolated from the stigma of Crocus sativus (saffron), on 5 human cancer cell lines and proposed their possible anticancer mechanisms. Crocetin, a glycosylated carotenoid, showed approximately 5- to 18-fold higher cytotoxicity than crocin, a carboxylic carotenoid (IC50 of 0.16–0.61 mmol/L for crocetin vs. 2.0–5.5 mmol/L for crocin). This suggests that structural differences account for the different efficacies between them. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that crocetin induced a significant level of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HeLa cells, whereas crocin did not. This ROS induction supported the cytotoxicity of crocetin, but not of crocin. A significant activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was observed in both HeLa cells treated with crocin and crocetin: a 3.0-fold increase by 1 mmol/L crocetin and a 1.6-fold increase by 0.8 mmol/L crocin compared to the control. Furthermore, both crocetin and crocin reduced the protein expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), one of the targets for chemoprevention in cancer cells, by 34.2% and 10.5%, respectively, compared to the control in HeLa cells. These findings suggest that crocetin and crocin have different mechanisms for their observed cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines.

scholarly journals FOXA1 defines cancer cell specificity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. e1501473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaihua Zhang ◽  
Yongbing Zhao ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Li-Pin Kao ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing ◽  
Pioneer Transcription Factor ◽  
Specific Regulation

A transcription factor functions differentially and/or identically in multiple cell types. However, the mechanism for cell-specific regulation of a transcription factor remains to be elucidated. We address how a single transcription factor, forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1), forms cell-specific genomic signatures and differentially regulates gene expression in four human cancer cell lines (HepG2, LNCaP, MCF7, and T47D). FOXA1 is a pioneer transcription factor in organogenesis and cancer progression. Genomewide mapping of FOXA1 by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing annotates that target genes associated with FOXA1 binding are mostly common to these cancer cells. However, most of the functional FOXA1 target genes are specific to each cancer cell type. Further investigations using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology indicate that cell-specific FOXA1 regulation is attributable to unique FOXA1 binding, genetic variations, and/or potential epigenetic regulation. Thus, FOXA1 controls the specificity of cancer cell types. We raise a “flower-blooming” hypothesis for cell-specific transcriptional regulation based on these observations.

scholarly journals The Cytotoxic Activity of Diterpenoids from Isodon species

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700
Author(s):  
Ayumi Ohsaki ◽  
Masaaki Ozawa ◽  
Kanki Komiyama ◽  
Akio Kishida ◽  
Takahiko Isobe
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Human Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines

Fifteen Isodon diterpenoids (1–15) were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against HeLa and HL-60 human cancer cell lines, and against murine vincristine (VCR)-resistant P388 cells. Kamebanin (14) showed efficient cytotoxic activity against HeLa and HL-60 cells. In addition, although dihydroenmein (2) and trichorabdal B (7) were inactive against several tested cell types, they were found to have cytotoxic-enhancing activity of VCR against VCR-resistant P388 cells.

scholarly journals Circuits Regulating Superoxide and Nitric Oxide Production and Neutralization in Different Cell Types: Expression of Participating Genes and Changes Induced by Ionizing Radiation

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patryk Bil ◽  
Sylwia Ciesielska ◽  
Roman Jaksik ◽  
Joanna Rzeszowska-Wolny
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Superoxide Radicals ◽  
No Production ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines

Superoxide radicals, together with nitric oxide (NO), determine the oxidative status of cells, which use different pathways to control their levels in response to stressing conditions. Using gene expression data available in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and microarray results, we compared the expression of genes engaged in pathways controlling reactive oxygen species and NO production, neutralization, and changes in response to the exposure of cells to ionizing radiation (IR) in human cancer cell lines originating from different tissues. The expression of NADPH oxidases and NO synthases that participate in superoxide radical and NO production was low in all cell types. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin, and peroxiredoxins participating in radical neutralization showed high expression in nearly all cell types. Some enzymes that may indirectly influence superoxide radical and NO levels showed tissue-specific expression and differences in response to IR. Using fluorescence microscopy and specific dyes, we followed the levels and the distribution of superoxide and NO radicals in living melanoma cells at different times after exposure to IR. Directly after irradiation, we observed an increase of superoxide radicals and NO coexistent in the same subcellular locations, suggesting a switch of NO synthase to the production of superoxide radicals.

Constituents of Polyalthia jucunda and their cytotoxic effect on human cancer cell lines

Planta Medica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
IO Mondranondra ◽  
A Suedee ◽  
A Kijjoa ◽  
M Pinto ◽  
N Nazareth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Human Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines
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