scholarly journals Enhancement of correct protein folding in vivo by a non-lytic baculovirus

2004 ◽  
Vol 382 (2) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu HO ◽  
Huei-Ru LO ◽  
Tzu-Ching LEE ◽  
Carol P. Y. WU ◽  
Yu-Chan CHAO
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Random Mutagenesis ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Vector System ◽  
Enhanced Yellow Fluorescent Protein

The BEVS (baculovirus expression vector system) is widely used for the production of proteins. However, engineered proteins frequently experience the problem of degradation, possibly due to the lytic nature of the conventional BEVS (herein referred to as L-BEVS). In the present study, a non-lytic BEVS (N-BEVS) was established by random mutagenesis of viral genomes. At 5 days post-infection, N-BEVS showed only 7% cell lysis, whereas L-BEVS showed 60% lysis of cells. The quality of protein expressed in both N- and L-BEVSs was examined further using a novel FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer)-based assay. To achieve this, we constructed a concatenated fusion protein comprising LUC (luciferase) sandwiched between EYFP (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein) and ECFP (enhanced cyan fluorescent protein). The distance separating the two fluorescent proteins in the fusion protein EYFP–LUC–ECFP (designated hereafter as the YLC construct) governs energy transfer between EYFP and ECFP. FRET efficiency thus reflects the compactness of LUC, indicating its folding status. We found more efficient FRET in N-BEVS compared with that obtained in L-BEVS, suggesting that more tightly folded LUC was produced in N-BEVS. YLC expression was also analysed by Western blotting, revealing significantly less protein degradation in N-BEVS than in L-BEVS, in which extensive degradation was observed. This FRET-based in vivo folding technology showed that YLC produced in N-BEVS is more compact, correlating with improved resistance to degradation. N-BEVS is thus a convenient alternative for L-BEVS for the production of proteins vulnerable to degradation using baculoviruses.

scholarly journals C-terminal eYFP fusion impairs Escherichia coli MinE function

Open Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 200010
Author(s):  
Navaneethan Palanisamy ◽  
Mehmet Ali Öztürk ◽  
Emir Bora Akmeriç ◽  
Barbara Di Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Enhanced Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Min Proteins

The Escherichia coli Min system plays an important role in the proper placement of the septum ring at mid-cell during cell division. MinE forms a pole-to-pole spatial oscillator with the membrane-bound ATPase MinD, resulting in MinD concentration being the lowest at mid-cell. MinC, the direct inhibitor of the septum initiator protein FtsZ, forms a complex with MinD at the membrane, mirroring its polar gradients. Therefore, MinC-mediated FtsZ inhibition occurs away from mid-cell. Min oscillations are often studied in living cells by time-lapse microscopy using fluorescently labelled Min proteins. Here, we show that, despite permitting oscillations to occur in a range of protein concentrations, the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP) C-terminally fused to MinE impairs its function. Combining in vivo , in vitro and in silico approaches, we demonstrate that eYFP compromises the ability of MinE to displace MinC from MinD, to stimulate MinD ATPase activity and to directly bind to the membrane. Moreover, we reveal that MinE-eYFP is prone to aggregation. In silico analyses predict that other fluorescent proteins are also likely to compromise several functionalities of MinE, suggesting that the results presented here are not specific to eYFP.

scholarly journals Distance-Dependent Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Enhancement on Nanoporous Gold

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2927
Author(s):  
Lianmin Cui ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Heping Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Nanoporous Gold ◽  
Maximum Enhancement ◽  
Characteristic Energy ◽  
Fluorescence Resonance

Fluorescence resonance energy transfers (FRET) between cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) on nanoporous gold (NPG) are systematically investigated by controlling the distance between NPG and fluorescent proteins with polyelectrolyte multilayers. The FRET between CFP and YFP is significantly enhanced by NPG, and the maximum enhancement is related to both ligament size of NPG and the distance between NPG and proteins. With the optimized distance, 18-fold FRET enhancement was obtained on NPG compared to that on glass, and the conversion efficiency is about 90%. The potential to tune the characteristic energy transfer distance has implications for applications in nanophotonic devices and provides a possible way to design sensors and light energy converters.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal activation of caspase revealed by indicator that is insensitive to environmental effects

2003 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiwamu Takemoto ◽  
Takeharu Nagai ◽  
Atsushi Miyawaki ◽  
Masayuki Miura
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Caspase Activation ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Enhanced Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Indicator molecules for caspase-3 activation have been reported that use fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between an enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (the donor) and enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP; the acceptor). Because EYFP is highly sensitive to proton (H+) and chloride ion (Cl−) levels, which can change during apoptosis, this indicator's ability to trace the precise dynamics of caspase activation is limited, especially in vivo. Here, we generated an H+- and Cl−-insensitive indicator for caspase activation, SCAT, in which EYFP was replaced with Venus, and monitored the spatio-temporal activation of caspases in living cells. Caspase-3 activation was initiated first in the cytosol and then in the nucleus, and rapidly reached maximum activation in 10 min or less. Furthermore, the nuclear activation of caspase-3 preceded the nuclear apoptotic morphological changes. In contrast, the completion of caspase-9 activation took much longer and its activation was attenuated in the nucleus. However, the time between the initiation of caspase-9 activation and the morphological changes was quite similar to that seen for caspase-3, indicating the activation of both caspases occurred essentially simultaneously during the initiation of apoptosis.

scholarly journals An endogenous green fluorescent protein–photoprotein pair in Clytia hemisphaerica eggs shows co-targeting to mitochondria and efficient bioluminescence energy transfer

Open Biology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 130206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Fourrage ◽  
Karl Swann ◽  
Jose Raul Gonzalez Garcia ◽  
Anthony K. Campbell ◽  
Evelyn Houliston
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Green Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Parallel Acquisition ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Green fluorescent proteins (GFPs) and calcium-activated photoproteins of the aequorin/clytin family, now widely used as research tools, were originally isolated from the hydrozoan jellyfish Aequora victoria . It is known that bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is possible between these proteins to generate flashes of green light, but the native function and significance of this phenomenon is unclear. Using the hydrozoan Clytia hemisphaerica , we characterized differential expression of three clytin and four GFP genes in distinct tissues at larva, medusa and polyp stages, corresponding to the major in vivo sites of bioluminescence (medusa tentacles and eggs) and fluorescence (these sites plus medusa manubrium, gonad and larval ectoderms). Potential physiological functions at these sites include UV protection of stem cells for fluorescence alone, and prey attraction and camouflaging counter-illumination for bioluminescence. Remarkably, the clytin2 and GFP2 proteins, co-expressed in eggs, show particularly efficient BRET and co-localize to mitochondria, owing to parallel acquisition by the two genes of mitochondrial targeting sequences during hydrozoan evolution. Overall, our results indicate that endogenous GFPs and photoproteins can play diverse roles even within one species and provide a striking and novel example of protein coevolution, which could have facilitated efficient or brighter BRET flashes through mitochondrial compartmentalization.

scholarly journals Enhanced brightness of bacterial luciferase by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Kaku ◽  
Kazunori Sugiura ◽  
Tetsuyuki Entani ◽  
Kenji Osabe ◽  
Takeharu Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Bacterial Luciferase ◽  
Bacterial Bioluminescence

AbstractUsing the lux operon (luxCDABE) of bacterial bioluminescence system as an autonomous luminous reporter has been demonstrated in bacteria, plant and mammalian cells. However, applications of bacterial bioluminescence-based imaging have been limited because of its low brightness. Here, we engineered the bacterial luciferase (heterodimer of luxA and luxB) by fusion with Venus, a bright variant of yellow fluorescent protein, to induce bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). By using decanal as an externally added substrate, color change and ten-times enhancement of brightness was achieved in Escherichia coli when circularly permuted Venus was fused to the C-terminus of luxB. Expression of the Venus-fused luciferase in human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK293T) or in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves together with the substrate biosynthesis-related genes (luxC, luxD and luxE) enhanced the autonomous bioluminescence. We believe the improved luciferase will forge the way towards the potential development of autobioluminescent reporter system allowing spatiotemporal imaging in live cells.

scholarly journals Measuring ligand-dependent and ligand-independent interactions between nuclear receptors and associated proteins using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET2)

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. nrs.04021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Koterba ◽  
Brian G. Rowan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Fusion Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Renilla Luciferase ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions

Bioluminescent resonance energy transfer (BRET2) is a recently developed technology for the measurement of protein-protein interactions in a live, cell-based system. BRET2 is characterized by the efficient transfer of excited energy between a bioluminescent donor molecule (Renilla luciferase) and a fluorescent acceptor molecule (a mutant of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP2)). The BRET2 assay offers advantages over fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) because it does not require an external light source thereby eliminating problems of photobleaching and autoflourescence. The absence of contamination by light results in low background that permits detection of very small changes in the BRET2 signal. BRET2 is dependent on the orientation and distance between two fusion proteins and therefore requires extensive preliminary standardization experiments to conclude a positive BRET2 signal independent of variations in protein titrations and arrangement in tertiary structures. Estrogen receptor (ER) signaling is modulated by steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1). To establish BRET2 in a ligand inducible system we used SRC-1 as the donor moiety and ER as the acceptor moiety. Expression and functionality of the fusion proteins were assessed by transient transfection in HEK-293 cells followed by Western blot analysis and measurement of ER-dependent reporter gene activity. These preliminary determinations are required prior to measuring nuclear receptor protein-protein interactions by BRET2. This article describes in detail the BRET2 methodology for measuring interaction between full-length ER and coregulator proteins in real-time, in an in vivo environment.

scholarly journals tdLanYFP, a yellow, bright, photostable and pH insensitive fluorescent protein for live cell imaging and FRET-based sensing strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Bousmah ◽  
H. Valenta ◽  
G. Bertolin ◽  
U. Singh ◽  
V. Nicolas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Live Cell Imaging ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Live Cell ◽  
Live Cells

AbstractYellow fluorescent proteins (YFP) are widely used as optical reporters in Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based biosensors. Although great improvements have been done, the sensitivity of the biosensors is still limited by the low photostability and the poor fluorescence performances of YFPs at acidic pHs. In fact, today, there is no yellow variant derived from the EYFP with a pK1/2 below ∼5.5. Here, we characterize a new yellow fluorescent protein, tdLanYFP, derived from the tetrameric protein from the cephalochordate B. lanceolatum, LanYFP. With a quantum yield of 0.92 and an extinction coefficient of 133 000 mol−1.L.cm−1, it is, to our knowledge, the brightest dimeric fluorescent protein available, and brighter than most of the monomeric YFPs. Contrasting with EYFP and its derivatives, tdLanYFP has a very high photostability in vitro and preserves this property in live cells. As a consequence, tdLanYFP allows the imaging of cellular structures with sub-diffraction resolution with STED nanoscopy. We also demonstrate that the combination of high brightness and strong photostability is compatible with the use of spectro-microscopies in single molecule regimes. Its very low pK1/2 of 3.9 makes tdLanYFP an excellent tag even at acidic pHs. Finally, we show that tdLanYFP can be a FRET partner either as donor or acceptor in different biosensing modalities. Altogether, these assets make tdLanYFPa very attractive yellow fluorescent protein for long-term or single-molecule live-cell imaging that is also suitable for FRET experiment including at acidic pH.

scholarly journals Analysis of IFITM-IFITM Interactions by a Flow Cytometry-Based FRET Assay

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Winkler ◽  
Florian Wrensch ◽  
Pascale Bosch ◽  
Maike Knoth ◽  
Michael Schindler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions

The interferon-induced transmembrane proteins 1–3 (IFITM1–3) inhibit host cell entry of several viruses. However, it is incompletely understood how IFITM1–3 exert antiviral activity. Two phenylalanine residues, F75 and F78, within the intramembrane domain 1 (IM1) were previously shown to be required for IFITM3/IFITM3 interactions and for inhibition of viral entry, suggesting that IFITM/IFITM interactions might be pivotal to antiviral activity. Here, we employed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay to analyze IFITM/IFITM interactions. For assay calibration, we equipped two cytosolic, non-interacting proteins, super yellow fluorescent protein (SYFP) and super cyan fluorescent protein (SCFP), with signals that target proteins to membrane rafts and also analyzed a SCFP-SYFP fusion protein. This strategy allowed us to discriminate background signals resulting from colocalization of proteins at membrane subdomains from signals elicited by protein–protein interactions. Coexpression of IFITM1–3 and IFITM5 fused to fluorescent proteins elicited strong FRET signals, and mutation of F75 and F78 in IFITM3 (mutant IFITM3-FF) abrogated antiviral activity, as expected, but did not alter cellular localization and FRET signals. Moreover, IFITM3-FF co-immunoprecipitated efficiently with wild type (wt) IFITM3, lending further support to the finding that lack of antiviral activity of IFITM3-FF was not due to altered membrane targeting or abrogated IFITM3-IFITM3 interactions. Collectively, we report an assay that allows quantifying IFITM/IFITM interactions. Moreover, we confirm residues F75 and F78 as critical for antiviral activity but also show that these residues are dispensable for IFITM3 membrane localization and IFITM3/IFITM3 interactions.

scholarly journals Ultra-Sensitive Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on Peroxiredoxin and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3508
Author(s):  
Haijun Yu ◽  
Haoxiang Li ◽  
Yao Zhou ◽  
Shengmin Zhou ◽  
Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Mixed Disulfide ◽  
Fluorescence Resonance ◽  
Protein Sensor

In this paper, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based sensor for ultra-sensitive detection of H2O2 was developed by utilizing the unique enzymatic properties of peroxiredoxin (Prx) to H2O2. Cyan and yellow fluorescent protein (CFP and YFP) were fused to Prx and mutant thioredoxin (mTrx), respectively. In the presence of H2O2, Prx was oxidized into covalent homodimer through disulfide bonds, which were further reduced by mTrx to form a stable mixed disulfide bond intermediate between CFP-Prx and mTrx-YFP, inducing FRET. A linear quantification range of 10–320 nM was obtained according to the applied protein concentrations and the detection limit (LOD) was determined to be as low as 4 nM. By the assistance of glucose oxidase to transform glucose into H2O2, the CFP-Prx/mTrx-YFP system (CPmTY) was further exploited for the detection of glucose in real sample with good performance, suggesting this CPmTY protein sensor is highly practical.

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