scholarly journals Ceramide induces a loss in cytosolic peroxide levels in mononuclear cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 375 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren C. PHILLIPS ◽  
Helen R. GRIFFITHS
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Jurkat T Cells ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine

Ceramide (a sphingolipid) and reactive oxygen species are each partly responsible for intracellular signal transduction in response to a variety of agents. It has been reported that ceramide and reactive oxygen species are intimately linked and show reciprocal regulation [Liu, Andreieu-Abadie, Levade, Zhang, Obeid and Hannun (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 11313–11320]. Utilizing synthetic, short-chain ceramide to mimic the cellular responses to fluctuations in natural endogenous ceramide formation or using stimulation of CD95 to induce ceramide formation, we found that the principal redox-altering property of ceramide is to lower the [peroxide]cyt (cytosolic peroxide concentration). Apoptosis of Jurkat T-cells, primary resting and phytohaemagglutinin-activated human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes was preceded by a loss in [peroxide]cyt, as measured by the peroxide-sensitive probe 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (also reflected in a lower rate of superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction), and this was not associated with a loss of membrane integrity. Where growth arrest of U937 monocytes was observed without a loss of membrane integrity, the decrease in [peroxide]cyt was of a lower magnitude when compared with that preceding the onset of apoptosis in T-cells. Furthermore, decreasing the cytosolic peroxide level in U937 monocytes before the application of synthetic ceramide by pretreatment with either of the antioxidants N-acetyl cysteine or glutathione conferred apoptosis. However, N-acetyl cysteine or glutathione did not affect the kinetics or magnitude of ceramide-induced apoptosis of Jurkat T-cells. Therefore the primary redox effect of cellular ceramide accumulation is to lower the [peroxide]cyt of both primary and immortalized cells, the magnitude of which dictates the cellular response.

The involvement of TLR2 in cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by PBMCs in response toLeishmania majorphosphoglycans (PGs)

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (10) ◽  
pp. 1193-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. KAVOOSI ◽  
S. K. ARDESTANI ◽  
A. KARIMINIA
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cytokine Milieu ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYIn the present study, we show for the first time that lipophosphoglycan (LPG) stimulated cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is also mediated via Toll-like receptor (TLR2). In addition, in order to verify if TLR2 is involved in recognition of the purified PGs, neutralizing mAbs against TLR2 and TLR4 were used to treat the cells before being stimulated with PGs. We found strong Th1-promoting cytokines induced by sLPG but not by mLPG which was blocked by presence of anti-TLR2 mAb. This finding reveals a mechanism by which the first encounter and recognition ofL. majorpromastigotes by mLPG after interaction with TLR2 provides a cytokine milieu for consequent Th2 differentiation. Moreover, having shown the strong induction of Th1-promoting cytokines and low production of IL-10 in response to sLPG might have vaccine implication since it is recognized by TLR2 providing signals to professional antigen presenting cells that reside in the skin to promote effective T cell responses againstLeishmaniainfection. In addition, it was shown that purified mLPG and sLPG activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production which is also blocked by anti-TLR2 but not by anti-TLR4. However, no inhibition was seen in PPG-induced cytokine and ROS production in the presence of anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4, implying involvement of other receptors.

n-Hexane toxicity in Jurkat T-cells is mediated by reactive oxygen species

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine McDermott ◽  
Maria Hutch O’Donoghue ◽  
James J. A. Heffron
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Jurkat T Cells

Reactive oxygen species-dependent necroptosis in Jurkat T cells induced by pathogenic free-living Naegleria fowleri

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 390-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-J. SONG ◽  
Y. S. JANG ◽  
Y. A. LEE ◽  
K. A. KIM ◽  
S. K. LEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Naegleria Fowleri ◽  
Jurkat T Cells ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Nægleria Fowleri

scholarly journals The Effect of the Clenbuterol—β2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist on the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Proliferation, Phenotype, Functions, and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Race Horses In Vitro

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 936
Author(s):  
Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz ◽  
Rafał Pingwara ◽  
Jarosław Szczepaniak ◽  
Anna Winnicka
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Race Horses

Clenbuterol, the β2-adrenoceptor agonist, is gaining growing popularity because of its effects on weight loss (i.e., chemical liposuction). It is also popular in bodybuilding and professional sports, due to its effects that are similar to anabolic steroids. However, it is prohibited by anti-doping control. On the other hand, it is suggested that clenbuterol can inhibit the inflammatory process. The cells from 14 untrained and 14 well-trained race horses were collected after acute exercise and cultured with clenbuterol. The expressions of CD4, CD8, FoxP3, CD14, MHCII, and CD5 in PBMC, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as cell proliferation, were evaluated by flow cytometry. In addition, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, INF-γ and TNF-α concentrations were evaluated by ELISA. β2-adrenoceptor stimulation leads to enhanced anti-inflammatory properties in well-trained horses, as do low doses in untrained animals. In contrast, higher clenbuterol doses create a pro-inflammatory environment in inexperienced horses. In conclusion, β2-adrenoceptor stimulation leads to a biphasic response. In addition, the immune cells are more sensitive to drug abuse in inexperienced individuals under physical training.

scholarly journals Evidence for Detrimental Cross Interactions between Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micol Falabella ◽  
Elena Forte ◽  
Maria Chiara Magnifico ◽  
Paolo Santini ◽  
Marzia Arese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Leber’S Hereditary Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

Here we have collected evidence suggesting that chronic changes in the NO homeostasis and the rise of reactive oxygen species bioavailability can contribute to cell dysfunction in Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) patients. We report that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), derived from a female LHON patient with bilateral reduced vision and carrying the pathogenic mutation 11778/ND4, display increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), as revealed by flow cytometry, fluorometric measurements of nitrite/nitrate, and 3-nitrotyrosine immunodetection. Moreover, viability assays with the tetrazolium dye MTT showed that lymphoblasts from the same patient are more sensitive to prolonged NO exposure, leading to cell death. Taken together these findings suggest that oxidative and nitrosative stress cooperatively play an important role in driving LHON pathology when excess NO remains available over time in the cell environment.

scholarly journals cAMP Activates The generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Inhibits The Secretion of IL-6 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Armond Isoni ◽  
Érica Abreu Borges ◽  
Clara Araújo Veloso ◽  
Rafael Teixeira Mattos ◽  
Miriam Martins Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
In Cells

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) have generated higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that were higher than those in cells from healthy individuals. In the presence of a cAMP-elevating agent, ROS production was significantly activated in PBMNC from DM2 patients but it was inhibited in cells from healthy subjects. Higher levels of IL-6 has been detected in the supernatant of PBMNC cultures from DM2 patients in comparison with healthy controls. When cells were cultured in the presence of a cAMP-elevating agent, the level of IL-6 decreased has by 46% in the supernatant of PBMNC from DM2 patients but it remained unaltered in controls. No correlations between ROS and IL-6 levels in PBMNC from DM2 patients or controls have been observed. Secretions of IL-4 or IFN by PBMNC from patients or controls have not been affected by the elevation of cAMP. cAMP elevating agents have activated the production of harmful reactive oxidant down modulated IL-6 secretion by these cells from DM2 patients, suggesting an alteration in the metabolic response possibly due to hyperglicemia. The results suggest that cAMP may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes.

scholarly journals Induction of regulatory T cells by macrophages is dependent on production of reactive oxygen species

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (41) ◽  
pp. 17686-17691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina D. Kraaij ◽  
Nigel D. L. Savage ◽  
Sandra W. van der Kooij ◽  
Karin Koekkoek ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species
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