scholarly journals Comparison of nitration and oxidation of tyrosine in advanced human carotid plaque proteins

2003 ◽  
Vol 370 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincoln W. MORTON ◽  
Ian B. PUDDEY ◽  
Kevin D. CROFT
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Sample Stability ◽  
Total Pool ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Human Carotid ◽  
Selection Of

The importance of reactive nitrogen species in atherosclerosis remains poorly understood, despite the semi-quantitative evidence for the presence of 3-nitrotyrosine provided by immunohistochemical staining studies. At this time, there appear to be no data describing the prevalence of nitration relative to oxidation in atherosclerotic plaque proteins. The present study used 3-nitrotyrosine and dityrosine as markers of nitration and oxidation respectively to examine the relative abundance of each process. Substantial methodological improvements were required to overcome problems associated with sensitivity and artefactual production of 3-nitrotyrosine when quantified by GLC-MS. It was shown that careful selection of hydrolysis vessel, sample reduction and the use of the oxazolinone derivative provided sample stability and exquisite sensitivity. Using these methods, it was observed that the frequency of nitration was 92±15μmol/mol of tyrosine (0.01%). Dityrosine was present at 1.5±0.14mmol/mol of tyrosine (0.30%) using HPLC/fluorescence; thus nitration accounted for approx. 3% of the tyrosine modifications measured. Given that other modifications of tyrosine are known to occur in carotid plaque proteins, the contribution of nitration to the total pool of modified tyrosine is very small. However, the possibility of metabolic processes or chemical agents modifying 3-nitrotyrosine to secondary oxidation products remains an alternative explanation for the low levels demonstrated in this study.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF HERBICIDES TARGETING THE USE IN CROP SYSTEMS CULTIVATED WITH SHOWY CROTALARIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. P BRAZ ◽  
R. S OLIVEIRA JR ◽  
J. CONSTANTIN ◽  
H. K. TAKANO ◽  
C. A. CHASE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
High Production ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The increase in the area planted with Crotalaria spectabilishas occurred by several factors, highlighting the potential to reduce the nematodes, nitrogen fixation and the high production of biomass. By becoming a species sown as a crop, it is necessary to control the weeds that coexist with showy crotalaria. This change in the use of this crop creates the possibility of this specie becoming a weed. The aim of this study was to assess the potential use of herbicides applied in preemergence and postemergence of C.spectabilisfor different purposes (control of volunteer and selectivity plants). Three experiments were installed in a greenhouse (two with herbicides applied in preemergence - in soils with distinct textural categories; and one experiment with herbicides applied in postemergence). The results of the experiments with herbicides applied in preemergence showed that: amicarbazone, atrazine, diuron, metribuzin, prometryn, fomesafen and sulfentrazone showed effectiveness for control of C.spectabilis in clayey soil. Besides these, flumioxazin and isoxaflutole also showed potential to be used in the control of showy crotalaria in soils with loam texture. In relation to the postemergence herbicides, atrazine, diuron, prometryn, flumioxazin, fomesafen, lactofen, saflufenacil, amonio-glufosinate and glyphosate can be used aiming the chemical control of C.spectabilis. Herbicides chlorimuron-ethyl, diclosulan, imazethapyr, pyrithiobac-sodium, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, clomazone, pendimethalin, S-metolachlor and trifluralin applied in preemergence, and imazethapyr, pyrithiobac-sodium, flumiclorac, bentazon and clethodim applied in postemergence caused low levels of injury to C.spectabilis plants, making necessary the development of new searches to ensure the selectivity of these products.

scholarly journals Calmodulin Expression Distinguishes the Smooth Muscle Cell Population of Human Carotid Plaque

2013 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 996-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Coen ◽  
Giovanna Marchetti ◽  
Patricia M. Palagi ◽  
Carlotta Zerbinati ◽  
Giuseppe Guastella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cell ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Human Carotid

Automatic Classification of Human Carotid Plaque Features, In Vivo, Using Multiple Forms of ARFI Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Torres ◽  
Melissa C. Caughey ◽  
Keerthi Anand ◽  
Jonathon W. Homeister ◽  
Mark A. Farber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Automatic Classification ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Human Carotid

Abstract 136: Identification of Melanoregulin as Novel Marker for Atherosclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Aldi ◽  
Ljubica Perisic ◽  
Mariette Lengquist ◽  
Malin Kronqvist ◽  
Joy Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Human Carotid

Introduction: Novel biomarkers identification in atherosclerosis is needed for early detection/intervention of vascular diseases. Impaired lysosomal function and autophagy cause abnormal lipid accumulation in foam cells and contribute to atherosclerosis progression. By microarray of human carotid plaques in the Biobank of Karolinska Endarterectomies (BiKE), we found that melanoregulin (MREG), a protein associated with lysosomes, phagocytosis and autophagy and previously not associated with atherosclerosis, was significantly up-regulated in symptomatic (S) versus asymptomatic (AS) patients. MREG expression was also significantly correlated to inflammatory, lipid and endo/lysosome markers. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that MREG modulates clearance of engulfed lipids and extracellular material in lipid-loaded foam cells. Methods: MREG mRNA and protein levels were evaluated in human carotid plaque tissue from S and AS patients by qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. MREG, together with lysosome and lipid markers (LAMP2 and PLIN2 respectively) was identified by immunofluorescence in human monocyte cells (THP-1), loaded with modified LDL. To investigate autophagy/MREG correlation, THP-1 cells were incubated with autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine, CQ) and MREG mRNA was assessed by qPCR. Results: MREG mRNA is elevated in human atherosclerotic lesions versus normal artery (11.21 folds, P<0.0001). In human aortic tissue MREG expression is correlated to the lesion progression and localizes in infiltrating macrophage-derived foam cells. In the human carotid plaque, MREG co-localizes with CD68+ and PLIN2+ cells, lined to the necrotic core. MREG protein was also detected in PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells. In lipid-loaded THP-1, MREG is co-localized with lysosomal LAMP2. Moreover, MREG expression is increased in THP-1 cells by incubation with PMA, starving medium and CQ. Conclusions: We show here for the first time that MREG is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and is associated with endo/lysosomes in human macrophages. Furthermore we show that autophagy inhibition increases MREG mRNA expression. Future studies will investigate how MREG expression levels will affect phagocytic activity of lipid-loaded macrophages.

Comparative study of selfsteem and social skills in addicts inpatients in a Therapeutic Community / Estudio comparativo de autoestima y habilidades sociales en pacientes adictos de una comunidad terapéutica

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Cattan
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Community Center ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Admission Group ◽  
Selection Of

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo describir, analizar y comparar la autoestima y las habilidades sociales de un grupo de jóvenes, entre 17 y 24 años de edad, consumidores de drogas que se encuentran realizando tratamiento en la comunidad terapéutica Aylén (Argentina). Es una investigación de tipo descriptiva comparativa, con un diseño de diferencias entre grupos (G1, grupo de admisión) y (G2, grupo de reinserción social). La muestra estuvo conformada por 54 sujetos (25 para grupo de admisión y 29 para el grupo de reinserción social). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el inventario de Autoestima de Barksdale y la Escala de Habilidades sociales de Goldstein, las cuales fueron adaptadas y validadas para ser aplicadas a la población de estudio. Asimismo, a partir de los procedimientos de validación de estos instrumentos se propusieron para cada uno, nuevos agrupamientos de factores. Los resultados mostraron, bajos niveles de autoestima para ambos grupos y entre niveles bajos y normales de habilidades sociales en cada una de las categorías componentes y el total. Finalmente, no se confirmaron las hipótesis de diferencias significativas en los niveles de autoestima y los niveles de habilidades sociales entre los jóvenes en etapa de admisión y los jóvenes en etapa de reinserción social. AbstractThe objective of the present investigation is to analyze and compare the socials skills and the self-esteem of a group of juveniles between the ages of 17 and 24 years, drug addicts, both under medical treatment in a Community center in Argentina. This is a comparative-descriptive study, with the design of two groups: G1 for admission group and G2 for the reinsertion group. The sample was made of a group of 56 people, 25 for the admission group and 29 for the social reinsertion group. The instruments used were the Goldstein Social Skills Scale and the Self-Esteem Inventory from Barksdale, that were adapted for the use in such case. Also for the use of such instruments, new validation measures were implemented in the selection of the variables. The results showed low levels of self esteem for both groups and between low and normal levels of social skills in each category. Finally, no important differences were founded in the levels of self esteem between the admission group and the social reinsertion period for the juveniles.

Dual roles of heparanase in human carotid plaque calcification

2019 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Aldi ◽  
Linnéa Eriksson ◽  
Malin Kronqvist ◽  
Mariette Lengquist ◽  
Marie Löfling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Human Carotid

scholarly journals Advanced human carotid plaque progression correlates positively with flow shear stress using follow-up scan data: An in vivo MRI multi-patient 3D FSI study

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (13) ◽  
pp. 2530-2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Yang ◽  
Gador Canton ◽  
Chun Yuan ◽  
Marina Ferguson ◽  
Thomas S. Hatsukami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Plaque Progression ◽  
Flow Shear ◽  
Flow Shear Stress ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Human Carotid

129 Ovarian dynamics and gonadotropins during selection of the dominant follicle in postpartum lactating versus non-postpartum cycling mares

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
M. Pastorello ◽  
M. O. Gastal ◽  
G. K. Piquini ◽  
D. B. Godoi ◽  
E. L. Gastal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Sequential Data ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Follicle Selection ◽  
Ovarian Dynamics ◽  
Selection Of

The mare, compared to other livestock, has the shortest interval from partum to the first ovulation. In monovulatory species, the follicle deviation process in a wave is characterised by the continued growth of the dominant follicle (DF) and regression of the subordinate follicle. Although follicle diameter deviation, a key event of follicle selection, has been investigated during the oestrous and menstrual cycles, the occurrence of this phenomenon before the first postpartum ovulation seems to be unclear in all species. This study aimed to compare the follicular dynamics and gonadotropin profiles around the follicle diameter deviation day in postpartum lactating (PP Lactating; n=24) versus non-postpartum cycling (NPP Cycling; n=15) mares. On the day of parturition, every PP Lactating mare was paired with an NPP Cycling mare, and ovarian follicles (&gt;4mm) were tracked daily by transrectal ultrasonography, and blood samples were collected. Data were analysed in the PP Lactating group according to the length of the partum-ovulation interval (POI; ≤22 and &gt;22 days) and the postpartum interovulatory interval (PPIOI), and in the NPP Cycling group during two interovulatory intervals (1st and 2nd IOI). In addition, regardless of group, all four intervals were compared. We performed the FSH and LH assays using radioimmunoassay. Ovarian and hormonal parameters were analysed using ANOVA for sequential data. The day and diameter of the DF at the deviation (overall mean: 14.9±2.5 days; 21.7±0.4mm, respectively) were not different (P&gt;0.05) between PP Lactating and NPP Cycling mares. However, when considering the length of POI, follicle deviation occurred 4.4±0.8 days earlier (P&lt;0.001) in mares with POI ≤ 22 days than in mares with POI&gt;22 days. No difference was found between PP Lactating and NPP Cycling mares within and between groups for the intervals from deviation to maximum diameter of the DF (10.4±0.4 days), for the intervals from deviation to ovulation (12.1±0.5 days), or for the growth rates of the DF from deviation to maximum diameter (2.6±0.1mm per day). The growth rate of the DF from deviation to ovulation (2.4±0.1mm per day) did not differ between PP Lactating and NNP Cycling mares; however, this growth rate was lower (P&lt;0.03) in the POI, PPIOI, and 1st IOI compared with the 2nd IOI. The mean diameter of the DF around deviation (days −3 to 3; 22.5±0.3mm), and systemic FSH (days −4 to 4; 10.3±0.2ngmL−1) were not different between PP Lactating and NPP Cycling mares. Level of LH was lower (P&lt;0.0001) around deviation (days −4 to 4) in the PP Lactating (0.7±0.0ngmL−1) versus the NPP Cycling mares (1.8±0.1ngmL−1). Results demonstrated that a partum effect occurs only on the day of deviation in mares during the foal heat (POI ≤ 22 days) and that low levels of LH during both intervals in PP Lactating mares were not detrimental to prevent ovulation.

In Vitro Three Dimensional Imaging of Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques Using Ultrasonography

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate W. Boekhoven ◽  
Marcel C. M. Rutten ◽  
Marc R. H. M. van Sambeek ◽  
Frans N. van de Vosse
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Unstable Plaques ◽  
Human Carotid ◽  
Selection Of

Ruptured atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid artery are the main cause of stroke (70–80%). To prevent it, carotid endarterectomy is the procedure of choice in patients with a recent symptomatic 70–99% stenosis. Today, the selection of candidates is based on stenosis size only. However, endarterectomy is beneficial for only 1 out of 6 patients [1], the patients with unstable plaques (Fig. 1). Knowledge of mechanical properties of different components in the atherosclerotic arteries is important, because it will allow the identification of plaque stability at an early stage.

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