scholarly journals The use of clustering techniques in the elucidation or confirmation of metabolic pathways Application to the branched-chain fatty acids present in the milk fat of lactating goats

1981 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Massart-Leën ◽  
D L Massart
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Mathematical Techniques ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The aim of this paper is 2-fold. (1) To propose the use of a group of mathematical techniques, called clustering, in the elucidation of complex metabolic relationships. (2) To apply clustering for the identification of related groups of saturated fatty acids having a common metabolic pathway for their biosynthesis in the milk fat of lactating goats. In this way, four groups of branched-chain fatty acids and two groups of straight-chain fatty acids are identified; the odd-numbered iso-, the even-numbered iso-, the anteiso-acids and the branched-chain fatty acids with methyl substitution in the chain, the odd-numbered straight-chain and the even-numbered straight-chain fatty acids. The long-chain fatty acids are not part of any group. The different metabolic pathways for their biosynthesis are discussed. From the results, it is concluded that clustering is indeed a potentially useful tool in the study of complex metabolic relationships.

scholarly journals The Peroxisomal Acyl-CoA Thioesterase Pte1p fromSaccharomyces cerevisiaeIs Required for Efficient Degradation of Short Straight Chain and Branched Chain Fatty Acids

2006 ◽  
Vol 281 (17) ◽  
pp. 11729-11735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isamu Maeda ◽  
Syndie Delessert ◽  
Seiko Hasegawa ◽  
Yoshiaki Seto ◽  
Sophie Zuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Relationship of primer specificity of fatty acid de novo synthetase to fatty acid composition in 10 species of bacteria and yeasts

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshi Kaneda ◽  
E. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Fatty acid compositions of lipids from six bacteria and four yeasts were determined. Fatty acid de novo synthetases were investigated with respect to chain length specificity towards acyl-CoA primers of various chain lengths.Four species of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium cyclohexanicum, Micrococcus luteus, and Pseudomonas maltophilia) possess branched-chain fatty acids of the iso and anteiso series as the major acids. De novo synthetases from these organisms exhibited specificity towards the chain length of the primer in the order butyrl-CoA > propionyl-CoA [Formula: see text] acetyl-CoA. The remainder, two bacteria and all four yeasts, have the straight-chain type of fatty acids only and fall into two groups: (1) Eschericia coli B, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which utilize the primers in the order acetyl-CoA > propionyl-CoA [Formula: see text] butyryl-CoA; and (2) Candida sake, Candida tropicalis, and Rhodolorula glutinis, which show the order propionyl-CoA > acetyl-CoA [Formula: see text] butyryl-CoA.L-α-Keto-β-methylvalerate, a precursor of the branched-chain primers, can be used as a source of primer for fatty acid synthesis by the organisms with branched-chain acids but not by those with the straight-chain type.The results indicate that organisms having straight-chain fatty acids lack the branched-chain equivalents for two reasons: first, their enzymes are not active toward primers with more than three carbons, and second, they lack a system of supplying suitable branched-chain primers.It appears that activities of de novo synthetases from the organisms having straight-chain fatty acids generally have much higher activities than those from the organisms possessing branched-chain fatty acids.

Fatty acid composition and primer specificity of de novo fatty acid synthetase in Bacillus globispores, Bacillus insolitus, and Bacillus psychrophilus

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1634-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshi Kaneda ◽  
Eleanor J. Smith ◽  
Devarray N. Naik
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The fatty acid compositions of three psychrophilic species of Bacillus were determined by gas–liquid chromatography. The proportions of straight-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids, and unsaturated fatty acids were found to be 13.3, 86.7, and 26.1 % of the total cellular fatty acids for Bacillus globispores, 36.6, 63.4, and 25.1 % for Bacillus insolitus, and 6.9, 93.1, and 18.4% for Bacillus psychrophilus, respectively. In all three organisms the de novo fatty acid synthetase specificity towards acyl-CoA primers was butyryl-CoA > propionyl-CoA [Formula: see text] acetyl-CoA. This shows that B. insolitus, which has an unusually large proportion of straight-chain fatty acids for Bacillus, does not possess a different de novo fatty acid synthetase than the other two organisms. Therefore, the greater proportion of straight-chain fatty acids in B. insolitus may be explained by a large supply of straight-chain primer.

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