scholarly journals The effect of fluroxene [(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethane] on haem biosynthesis and degradation

1980 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie R. Ziman ◽  
Jean J. Bradshaw ◽  
Kathryn M. Ivanetich
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Acute Intermittent Porphyria ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Haem Biosynthesis ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Haem Oxygenase ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Dependent Pathway ◽  
Hepatic Cytochrome

Acute fluroxene treatment of male Wistar rats decreases the amounts of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and haem, increases the activities of hepatic δ-aminolaevulinate synthase and haem oxygenase, and increases the amounts of haem precursors (δ-aminolaevulinate and porphobilinogen) in the urine. All of the above effects of fluroxene are enhanced by pretreatment of the experimental animals with 3-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital. The amounts of porphyrins in the urine and faeces were generally unaffected by acute fluroxene treatment of uninduced or 3-methylcholanthrene- or phenobarbital-induced Wistar rats. 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl ethyl ether, the saturated analogue of fluroxene, did not affect the amounts of hepatic cytochrome P-450 and haem, the amounts of any of the haem precursors in the urine or faeces, or the activity of hepatic haem oxygenase in phenobarbital-induced male Wistar rats. The amounts of hepatic cytochrome P-450 and haem and of the haem precursors in urine and faeces, and the activity of δ-aminolaevulinate synthase, were generally not altered by acute fluroxene treatment of uninduced male Long–Evans rats. Chronic treatment of Wistar rats with fluroxene resulted in small increases in the amounts of δ-aminolaevulinate and porphyrins in urine. The amounts of porphobilinogen in urine were elevated up to 2000%, whereas the amounts of the porphyrins in faeces were generally unaffected. After chronic fluroxene treatment, the activity of δ-aminolaevulinate synthase was increased, whereas the activity of uroporphyrinogen synthase was decreased. It is concluded that acute fluroxene treatment may affect haem biosynthesis and degradation by a mechanism similar to allylisopropylacetamide, namely by stimulating an atypical cytochrome P-450-dependent pathway for haem degradation. The effects of chronic fluroxene treatment on haem biosynthesis may be a consequence of this mechanism or a result of the inhibition by fluroxene of uroporphyrinogen synthase. Chronic fluroxene treatment of male rats affects the haem biosynthetic pathway in a manner similar to that seen in human genetic acute intermittent porphyria.

scholarly journals Upregulation of Kiss-1 and Gpr54 Genes Expression in Pituitary of Male Rats Following the Central Administration of Neuropeptide Y

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Vahid Azizi ◽  
Shahrbanoo Oryan ◽  
Homayuon Khazali ◽  
Abdolkarim Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Introduction: The neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the neural circuits of the hypothalamus has a stimulating effect on reproductive activities in mammals. Kisspeptin (KiSS1) is a quintessential neurotransmitter in the reproductive axis which directly stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the hypothalamus. The distribution of KiSS1 expressing cells in the pituitary was described previously. Despite earlier reports showing the KiSS1 receptor, G-protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) expression in the pituitary, the potential physiological roles of kisspeptin at this gland have remained obscure. Accordingly, this study investigated the role of NPY on the relative expression of Kiss1 and Gpr54 genes in the pituitary gland in male Wistar rats. Methods: In general, 20 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g in 4 groups (5 in each group) received saline, NPY (2.3 nM), BIBP3226 (NPY receptor antagonist, 7.8 nM), and NPY+ BIBP3226. Then, they received the simultaneous injection of these molecules through the third ventricle of the brain. Finally, the relative mean expressions of Kiss1 and Gpr54 genes in the anterior pituitary were quantitatively analyzed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The central injection of NPY increased the relative mean expressions of Kiss1 and Gpr54 genes in the pituitary gland compared to the control group although the injection of BIBP3226 eradicated these effects. However, the gene expression of Gpr54 in the rats receiving NPY coupled with BIBP3226 in hypophysis in comparison to the group receiving only NPY demonstrated a significant reduction (P<0.05). Conclusion: Overall, the central injection of NPY stimulated the gene expression of Kiss1 and Gpr54 in the pituitary gland.

Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus lesions do not prevent anorectic effect of exercise in male rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. R579-R584 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rivest ◽  
D. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Energy Gain ◽  
Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The effects of a hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) lesion on energy balance were investigated in exercise-trained rats. Male Wistar rats weighing initially 250 g were divided into four groups. Two groups of rats underwent a bilateral PVN lesion, whereas the two remaining groups were sham operated. The PVN lesions were done electrolytically. One group from each surgical treatment was exercised, while the other group was kept in sedentary conditions. Rats were exercised on a rodent motor-driven treadmill at moderate intensity, 1 h/day for 21 consecutive days. Food intake and body weight were measured each day during the study. At the end of the treatment period, rats were killed, and carcasses were analyzed for their energy content. Serum corticosterone was measured by a competitive protein-binding assay. Energy gain and energy intake were lower in exercised rats than in sedentary controls, regardless of whether they were sham or PVN lesioned. Concurrently, there was no difference in the energy gain between PVN-lesioned and sham-operated rats, despite the fact that PVN-lesioned rats ended the experiment with a larger body weight than the sham-lesioned animals. Serum corticosterone levels were lower in PVN-lesioned rats than in sham-lesioned rats. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the PVN, the hypothalamic nucleus predominantly controlling the pituitary-adrenal axis activity, is not a prominent structure in the regulation of energy balance in exercised male Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Commercial Formulation of Chlorpyrifos Alters Neurological Behaviors and Fertility

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Enoka P. Kudavidanage ◽  
D. M. I. Dissanayake ◽  
W. L. Rangi Keerthirathna ◽  
N. Lasni Wathima Nishshanke ◽  
L. Dinithi C. Peiris
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Risk Minimization ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Neurological Alterations ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Androgen Levels

Pesticides are known to result in toxic insult. We aimed to evaluate Judo 40, the commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos on the neurological activities, fertility, and hormone levels of male rats. Male Wistar rats were treated orally with 1 mL of 20 or 50 mg/kg Judo 40. The doses were administered four times, twice a day. Sexual and exploratory behavior indices, fertility indices, serum androgen levels, blood acetylcholinesterase (BChE) levels, and neurological and muscular effects were evaluated. Serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone were significantly reduced in the rats receiving 50 mg/kg Judo 40. A reduction in viable implantation sites and live pups born were evident in the female rats mated with the male rats treated with the highest dose. Similarly, in the rats treated with the highest dose of Judo 40, a significant reduction in plasma BChE enzyme was observed. According to the results, prolonged Judo 40 exposure can cause impairment of the neurological alterations and sex hormones leading to impaired fertility. Therefore, chemical handlers should be educated on protection and risk minimization.

scholarly journals Methanolic Extracts of Cochorous olitorous (L.) and Adansonia digitata (L.) Leaves Against Irradiation-Induced Atherosclerosis in Male Wistar Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-187
Author(s):  
Kabir O. BELLO ◽  
Sarah O. NWOZO ◽  
Johnson OLADELE ◽  
Kabir K. MUSTAPHA ◽  
Lukman A. QUADRI
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Lowering Drug ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

The present study investigated the anti-atherosclerotic and antioxidative effect of the methanolic extracts (MExt) of Cochorous olitorous (CO) and Adansonia digitata (AD) leaves on irradiation-induced atherosclerosis in male Wistar rats. Atherosclerosis was induced in male rats by a single dose of 6 gray whole body gamma radiation. MExt of C. olitorous and A. digitata leaves at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg bwt were administered as treatment for 7 days. Blood serum was analysed for lipid profile, MDA (malondialdehyde) and liver tissue for antioxidants enzymes, whereas the therapeutic potential was compared to the lipids-lowering drug lovastatin at 10 mg/kg/bwt. The phytochemical studies showed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Treatment with MExt of CO and AD normalized the elevated MDA level, whereas the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the treated rats increased. Pronounced changes were observed at 1,000 mg/kg bwt mixture of MExt of CO and AD for 1 weeks and it was more potent than the standard drug. The current study provided strong evidence that MExt of CO and AD might be important in the treatment of atherosclerosis and ROS without any side effects at the studied dosage and duration.

scholarly journals The Effect of Soy Milk on Mounting Latency, Mounting Frequency, and Reproductive Development in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 670-678
Author(s):  
Nurdiana Nurdiana ◽  
Pradnyawati Chania ◽  
Rifzi Nurvitasari ◽  
Azmiatun Nisa ◽  
Styan Wahyu Diana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soy Milk ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

AIM: This research aims to examine the effects of soy milk on mounting latency (ML), mounting frequency (MF), estrogen levels, androgen-binding protein (ABP) expression, and spermatogenesis in male rats (Rattus norvegicus). METHODS: Twenty-four male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 4 weeks were divided into four groups. Control group (given a normal diet), P1; P2; P3 (given the normal diet and soy milk powder at doses of 7.1; 14.2; 21.3 g/KgBW/day, respectively) for 6 weeks. Observation of ML and MF were performed at 9 weeks 5 days of age, and rat surgery was performed at 10 weeks of age. Analysis of estrogen hormone levels was conducted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), ABP staining was using immunohistochemistry method, testicular spermatogenesis was observed using histopathological methods, and observation of spermatozoa was performed under the microscope.  RESULTS: The results showed no significant reduction of ML and MF, estrogen levels, and ABP expression (p ≤ 0.256; 0.865; 0.959, respectively) in male rat, but there was a significant decrease in the number, morphology, motility of spermatozoa, and testicular histophatology, (p ≤ 0.000, 0.003, 0.008, 0.000, respectively). CONCLUSION: The administrassion of soy milk in various doses (7.1;14.2;21.3 g/KgBW/day) in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) had showed significantly difference on histopathological evaluation using Johnson’s scoring system, sperm quantity and quality, while on mounting latency and frequency, estrogen levels, and ABP expressions did not show significantly difference between groups. That describe of isoflavone in soy milk can affect several aspects related to male endocrine and reproductive development.

scholarly journals Long-Term Administration of Abacavir and Etravirine Impairs Semen Quality and Alters Redox System and Bone Metabolism in Growing Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Matuszewska ◽  
Beata Nowak ◽  
Wojciech Niżański ◽  
Maria Eberhardt ◽  
Kinga Domrazek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is used in HIV-infected patients. Alongside the prolongation of patients’ life, adverse side effects associated with long-term therapy are becoming an increasing problem. Therefore, optimizing of HAART is extremely important. The study is aimed at evaluating the toxicity of abacavir and etravirine in monotherapy on the reproductive system, liver, kidneys, and bones in young, sexually mature, male rats. Thirty-six 8-week-old male Wistar rats randomized into three 12-animal groups received either normal saline (control), abacavir 60 mg/kg (AB group), or etravirine 40 mg/kg (ET group) once daily for 16 weeks. Semen morphology, oxide–redox state parameters (MDA, SOD, catalase, GPx, glutathione, GSH/GSSG ratio) in tissue homogenates (testes, liver, kidneys), and serum samples were studied. In bones, microcomputed tomography and a four-point bending test were performed. Total sperm count, sperm concentration, motility, and sperm morphology did not differ significantly in AB or ET groups compared to the control. In the flow cytometry of semen, an increased percentage of cells with denatured DNA was noticed for both tested drugs. However, no significant changes of oxide–redox state in testicular homogenates were found, except of increased SOD activity in the AB-receiving group. Additionally, ET significantly altered catalase and GPx in the liver and SOD activity in kidneys. Abacavir decreased catalase in the liver and GSH levels in kidneys. AB caused significant changes to bone microarchitecture (bone volume fraction, trabecular number, connectivity density, total porosity) and increased Young’s modulus. Etravirine had a greater impact on macrometric parameters of bones (tibial index, mid-tibial diameter, femur length). After 4 weeks in the ET group, a lower 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 serum concentration was found. The results showed that abacavir and etravirine disturb oxidative stress. An increase in the percentage of sperms with chromatin damage suggests decreased fertility in rats receiving the studied drugs. Both drugs affected bone formation in growing rats. Additionally, etravirine disturbed vitamin D metabolism.

scholarly journals Modelling sexual violence in male rats: The sexual aggression test (SxAT)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Elias de Moura Oliveira ◽  
Trynke R de Jong ◽  
Inga Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Receptive Female ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Aggression Test ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Social Decision Making

Sexual assault and rape are crimes that impact victims worldwide. Although the psychosocial and eco-evolutionary factors associated with this antisocial behavior have repeatedly been studied, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are still unknown mainly due to the lack of an appropriate animal model of sexual aggression (SxA). Here, we established a novel paradigm to provoke and subsequently assess SxA in adult male Wistar rats: the sexual aggression test (SxAT). Briefly, male Wistar rats are sexually aroused by a receptive female, which is exchanged by a non-receptive female immediately after the first intromission. This protocol elicits forced mounting (FM) and aggressive behavior (AB) towards the non-receptive female to different degrees, which can be scored. In a series of experiments we can show that SxA behavior is a relatively stable trait in rats and correlates positively with sexual motivation. Rats with innate abnormal anxiety and aggressive behavior also show abnormal SxA behavior. In addition, central infusion of oxytocin moderately inhibits AB, but increases FM. Finally, we identified the agranular insular cortex to be specifically activated by SxA, and inhibition of this region mildly decreased AB during the SxAT. Altogether, the SxAT is a paradigm that can be readily implemented in behavioral laboratories as a valuable tool to find answers regarding the biological mechanisms underlying SxA in humans, as well as social decision-making in general.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF KEFIR ON THE INFLAMATORY STATUS AND THYROID FUNCTION (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON WISTAR RATS AFTER EXPOSED TO CHLORPYRIFOS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasipin Rasipin ◽  
Edi Dharmana ◽  
Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽  
Suhartono .
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Α Level ◽  
Factor Α

ABSTRACTObjective: Goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland remained a health problem in the agricultural areas. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a pesticide widely used byfarmers. Previous studies proved that CPF exposure caused thyroid dysfunction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of kefir on theinflammatory status and thyroid function in male Wistar rats after exposed to CPF using biochemical and histopathological assays.Methods: Male rats were divided into 4 groups, i.e., CPF 5+kefir (5 mg/kg+3.6 ml/200 g, respectively), CPF 5 (5 mg/kg), corn oil (CO 1 ml/200 g), andnegative control (NC: Without CPF, CO, and kefir).Results: Kefir supplementation dose 3.6 ml/200 g once a day for 28 days in the rats after exposed to CPF dose 5 mg/kg once a day for 14 days, inCPF 5+kefir as compared to CPF 5: Significantly (p<0.05) decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level; significantly (p<0.01) maintainedserum levels of tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) not to decrease; not significant (p>0.05) decreased the level ofinterleukin-1β, cluster of differentiation-26 expression and level of T serum; not significant (p>0.05) maintained the level of anti-thyroid peroxidasenot to decrease; and not significant (p>0.05) increased the apoptosis index. This study suggests that CPF exposure causes the inflammatory processwhich leads to thyroid dysfunction.4Conclusion: Kefir supplementation significantly decreased the level of TNF-α and maintained the levels of TGF-β and TSH not to decrease, possible toreduce the inflammatory and thyroid dysfunction processes caused by exposure to CPF in experimental animals.Keywords: Kefir, Chlorpyrifos, Inflammation, Thyroid function. 

scholarly journals The Oral NOAEL of Flurochloridone in Male Wistar Rats in Ninety-Day Subchronic Toxicity Test Was 3mg/kg/day

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Zhu ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Su Zhou ◽  
Suhui Zhang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Sperm Abnormalities ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Effect Level

A ninety-day toxicity and toxicokinetics of flurochloridone (FLC) were studied in male Wistar rats with oral administration at doses of 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg respectively, following the previous study. Apparent toxicity to reproductive system of male rats was still observed at the dose of 10 mg/kg, trace amounts of FLC were still detected 24 hours after administration, testicular weight, epididymal weight and serum testosterone were significantly reduced and sperm abnormalities in epididymis were significantly increased. No abnormalities were found in 3 mg/kg group, it indicated that no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of FLC in male rats was 3 mg/kg/day, far below the dose of 20 mg/kg/day reported by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Therefore, more attention should be paid to this herbicide.

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