scholarly journals Configuration and interactions of the polar head group in gangliosides

1980 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Maggio ◽  
Federico A. Cumar ◽  
Ranwel Caputto
Keyword(s):  
Surface Potential ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Polar Head Group ◽  
Molecular Models ◽  
Molecular Plane ◽  
Polar Head ◽  
Moment Vector ◽  
Oligosaccharide Chain ◽  
Terminal Galactose ◽  
Surface Potential Measurements

1. The interactions of gangliosides with Ca2+ and some polar-head-group requirements for establishment of particular interactions with phosphatidylcholine were studied in monolayers at the air/145mm-NaCl interface. 2. Ganglioside–Ca2+ interactions, as revealed by surface-potential measurements, depended on the position occupied by sialosyl residues in the oligosaccharide chain. The interactions with Ca2+ of the single sialosyl residue of monosialogangliosides occurred above 0.1mm-CaCl2, whereas the interaction of the cation with additional sialosyl groups in di- or tri-sialogangliosides depended on the carbohydrate residue to which the sialosyl moiety was attached. The sialosyl residue bound in sialosyl–sialosyl linkage interacted very little with Ca2+. The sialosyl residue attached to the terminal galactose of the neutral tetrasaccharide chain interacted with Ca2+ above 1μm-CaCl2. 3. Experiments with mixed monolayers containing dihexadecyl phosphate and hexadecyltrimethylammonium indicated that for the occurrence of interactions of polysialogangliosides with phosphatidylcholine characterized by reductions in molecular packing and surface potential both charged groups of the phospholipid and sialosyl residues with particular dipolar properties in the ganglioside are participating. 4. Possible configurations that can explain the behaviour in monolayers were inspected with space-filling molecular models. The position of the carboxylate group of sialosyl residues with respect to the interface and to the sialosyl molecular plane can explain the different orientation of the dipole-moment vector of this residue, which depends on the position to which it is linked in the oligosaccharide chain. Favoured interactions of polysialogangliosides with phosphatidylcholine may result from a configuration allowing a partial matching of two oppositely oriented electrical vectors contributed by the zwitterionic phosphocholine group and particular sialosyl groups.

scholarly journals Surface behaviour of gangliosides and related glycosphingolipids

1978 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Maggio ◽  
F A Cumar ◽  
R Caputto
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Surface Potential ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Polar Head Group ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Collapse Pressure ◽  
Polar Head ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Electrostatic Repulsions

1. The surface behaviour of six different gangliosides and eight chemically related glycosphingolipids was investigated in monolayers at the air-water interface. 2. Mono-, di-, tri and tetra-hexosylceramides had force-area isotherms showing similar limiting molecular areas on 145 mM-NaCl, pH 5.6. The increasing number of negatively charged sialosyl residues in mono-, di- and tri-sialogangliosides induced a progressive increase in the liquid-expanded character of the films and in the limiting area occupied per molecule, owing to electrostatic repulsions. When the ganglioside monolayers were spread on subphases at pH 1.2, the limiting area per molecule was similar to that found for neutral glycosphingolipids. 3. The monolayer collapse pressure at pH 5.6 increased with the number of uncharged carbohydrate units up to when the polar head group contained 3-4 residues. For gangliosides the collapse pressures were lower and decreased from mono- to tri-sialogangliosides. Ganglioside monolayers on subphases at pH 1.2 showed increases in their collapse pressure. 4. The glycosphingolipid monolayers studied had various surface in their collapse pressure. 4. The glycosphingolipid monolayers studied had various surface potentials according to the complexity of the polar head group of the lipid. Attempts to calculate the dipolar contributions to the surface potential from each carbohydrate residue suggest that the second and third sialosyl residues in di- and tri-sialogangliosides contributed with a vertical dipole moment opposite to that of the first sialosyl residue.

scholarly journals Interactions of gangliosides with phospholipids and glycosphingolipids in mixed monolayers

1978 ◽  
Vol 175 (3) ◽  
pp. 1113-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Maggio ◽  
F A Cumar ◽  
R Caputto
Keyword(s):  
Surface Potential ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Polar Head Group ◽  
Molecular Area ◽  
Mixed Monolayers ◽  
Polar Head ◽  
Head Groups ◽  
Electrostatic Repulsions ◽  
The Ideal

1. The interactions among five different gangliosides and three chemically related glycosphingolipids and their behaviour in mixed monolayers with six different phospholipids were investigated at the air/145 mM-NaCl interface at pH 5.6. 2. The mixed monolayers of any of the different gangliosides showed an immiscible behaviour at high surface pressures, with absence of interactions among them revealed by an ideal behaviour for mean molecular area and surface potential per molecule. 3. This behaviour was probably the consequence of steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsions between their polar head groups. 4. Di- and tri-sialogangliosides could be differentiated from neutral sphingolipids and monosialogangliosides on the basis of their interactions with phospholipids, which were correlated to the perpendicular electric field at the interface contributed by the carbohydrate residues. 5. The presence of the phosphocholine polar head group in phosphatidylcholine was important to establish interactions with di- and tri-sialogangliosides revealed by negative deviations from the ideal behaviour for mean molecular areas and mean surface potential per molecule. 6. The possible significance of these observations is discussed in relation to the participation of gangliosides in the organization of membranes and to their capability of inducing membrane fusion.

The effect of polar head group of dodecyl surfactants on the growth of wheat and cucumber

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 126918
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Tot ◽  
Ivana Maksimović ◽  
Marina Putnik-Delić ◽  
Milena Daničić ◽  
Slobodan Gadžurić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Group ◽  
Polar Head Group ◽  
Polar Head

Glycosylinositol phosphoceramide-specific phospholipase D activity catalyzes transphosphatidylation

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumana Yesmin Hasi ◽  
Makoto Miyagi ◽  
Katsuya Morito ◽  
Toshiki Ishikawa ◽  
Maki Kawai-Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Phospholipase D ◽  
Secondary Alcohol ◽  
Primary Alcohol ◽  
Tertiary Alcohol ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Polar Head Group ◽  
Polar Head ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Sugar Chains

Abstract Glycosylinositol phosphoceramide (GIPC) is the most abundant sphingolipid in plants and fungi. Recently, we detected GIPC-specific phospholipase D (GIPC-PLD) activity in plants. Here, we found that GIPC-PLD activity in young cabbage leaves catalyzes transphosphatidylation. The available alcohol for this reaction is a primary alcohol with a chain length below C4. Neither secondary alcohol, tertiary alcohol, choline, serine nor glycerol serves as an acceptor for transphosphatidylation of GIPC-PLD. We also found that cabbage GIPC-PLD prefers GIPC containing two sugars. Neither inositol phosphoceramide, mannosylinositol phosphoceramide nor GIPC with three sugar chains served as substrate. GIPC-PLD will become a useful catalyst for modification of polar head group of sphingophospholipid.

Changes in phospholipid polar head group turnover in SV40-transformed hamster fibroblasts

FEBS Letters ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Maziére ◽  
Jean-Claude Maziére ◽  
Liliana Mora ◽  
Jacques Polonovski
Keyword(s):  
Head Group ◽  
Polar Head Group ◽  
Polar Head

scholarly journals Divalent Ions and the Surface Potential of Charged Phospholipid Membranes

1971 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. A. McLaughlin ◽  
G. Szabo ◽  
G. Eisenman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Potential ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Polar Head Group ◽  
Diffuse Double Layer ◽  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
Alkaline Earth Cations

Phospholipid bilayer membranes were bathed in a decimolar solution of monovalent ions, and the conductance produced by neutral carriers of these monovalent cations and anions was used to assess the electric potential at the surface of the membrane. When the bilayers were formed from a neutral lipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, the addition of alkaline earth cations produced no detectable surface potential, indicating that little or no binding occurs to the polar head group with these ions. When the bilayers were formed from a negatively charged lipid, phosphatidylserine, the addition of Sr and Ba decreased the magnitude of the surface potential as predicted by the theory of the diffuse double layer. In particular, the potential decreased 27 mv for a 10-fold increase in concentration in the millimolar-decimolar range. A 10-fold increase in the Ca or Mg concentration also produced a 27 mv decrease in potential in this region, which was again due to screening, but it was necessary to invoke some specific binding to account for the observation that these cations were effective at a lower concentration than Ba or Sr. It is suggested that the ability of the alkaline earth cations to shift the conductance-voltage curves of a nerve along the voltage axis by 20–26 mv for a 10-fold increase in concentration may be due to essentially a screening rather than a binding phenomenon.

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