scholarly journals Effect of electrical stimulation post mortem of bovine muscle on the binding of glycolytic enzymes. Functional and structural implications

1980 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
F M Clarke ◽  
F D Shaw ◽  
D J Morton
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Glycolytic Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Protein ◽  
Enzyme Binding ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soluble State ◽  
Glycolytic Rate ◽  
Stimulation Of

The extent of binding of glycolytic enzymes to the particulate fraction of homogenates was measured in bovine psoas muscle before and after electrical stimulation. In association with an accelerated glycolytic rate on stimulation, there was a significant increase in the binding of certain glycolytic enzymes, the most notable of which were phosphofructokinase, aldolase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase. From the known association of glycolytic enzymes with the I-band of muscle it is proposed that electrical stimulation of anaerobic muscle increases enzyme binding to actin filaments. Calculations of the extent of enzyme binding suggest that significant amounts of enzyme protein, particularly aldolase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, are associated with the actin filaments. The results also imply that kinetic parameters derived from considerations of the enzyme activity in the soluble state may not have direct application to the situation in the muscle fibre, particularly during accelerated glycolysis.

Cross-talk along gastrointestinal tract during electrical stimulation: effects and mechanisms of gastric/colonic stimulation on rectal tone in dogs

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (6) ◽  
pp. G1195-G1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Liu ◽  
Lijie Wang ◽  
J. D. Z. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Rectal Compliance ◽  
Rectal Tone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sensory Functions ◽  
Sympathetic Pathway ◽  
Colonic Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) has been shown to alter motor and sensory functions of the stomach. However, its effects on other organs of the gut have rarely been investigated. The study was performed in 12 dogs implanted with two pairs of electrodes, one on the serosa of the stomach and the other on the colon. The study was composed of two experiments. Experiment 1 was designed to study the effects of GES on rectal tone and compliance in nine dogs compared with colonic electrical stimulation (CES). Rectal tone and compliance were assessed before and after GES or CES. Experiment 2 was performed to study the involvement of sympathetic pathway in 8 of the 12 dogs. The rectal tone was recorded for 30–40 min at baseline and 20 min after intravenous guanethidine. GES or CES was given for 20 min 20 min after the initiation of the infusion. It was found that both GES and CES reduced rectal tone with comparable potency. Rectal compliance was altered neither with GES, nor with CES. The inhibitory effect of GES but not CES on rectal tone was abolished by an adrenergic blockade, guanethidine. GES inhibited rectal tone with a comparable potency with CES but did not alter rectal compliance. The inhibitory effect of GES on rectal tone is mediated by the sympathetic pathway. It should be noted that electrical stimulation of one organ of the gut may have a beneficial or adverse effect on another organ of the gut.

Electrical Stimulation of the Guinea Pig Cochlea

1987 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Maslan ◽  
Josef M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Cochlear Prosthesis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Evoked Responses ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Histopathologic Findings ◽  
Stimulation Of

As a result of practical considerations, histopathologic findings of the temporal bone in humans with cochlear prosthesis implants have been limited. This project attempts to better define safe parameters of electrical stimulation of the inner ear and compare the safe limits of intracochlear vs. extracochlear stimulation sites. Guinea pigs were implanted with single electrodes either on the promontory or in the scala tympani and were stimulated relative to a remote indifferent for 12 hours distributed over a 4-week period. Electrical auditory brainstem evoked responses (EABRs) were tested before and after each of four 3-hour stimulation sessions. Six weeks after implantation, the animals were killed, and their cochleas were examined under the scanning electron microscope. Intracochlear electrodes exhibited thresholds for damage well below one half of that found for most extracochlear stimulation sites. The function-relating damage threshold (in amperes) to frequency of intracochlear stimulation is represented by two straight lines, with an intercept of 1 kHz. The low-frequency limb exhibited a slope of 3 to 4 dB/octave, whereas the high-frequency limb exhibited a slope of 9 to 10 dB/octave. Extracochlear results were too variable to permit speculation. Changes in EABRs were only variably related to histopathologic findings.

Central GABAergic mechanisms are involved in apnea induced by SLN stimulation in piglets

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1570-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal M. Abu-Shaweesh ◽  
Ismail A. Dreshaj ◽  
Musa A. Haxhiu ◽  
Richard J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
Inspiratory Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Stimulation Of

Stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) results in apnea in animals of different species, the mechanism of which is not known. We studied the effect of the GABAA receptor blocker bicuculline, given intravenously and intracisternally, on apnea induced by SLN stimulation. Eighteen 5- to 10-day-old piglets were studied: bicuculline was administered intravenously to nine animals and intracisternally to nine animals. The animals were anesthetized and then decerebrated, vagotomized, ventilated, and paralyzed. The phrenic nerve responses to four levels of electrical SLN stimulation were measured before and after bicuculline. SLN stimulation caused a significant decrease in phrenic nerve amplitude, phrenic nerve frequency, minute phrenic activity, and inspiratory time ( P < 0.01) that was proportional to the level of electrical stimulation. Increased levels of stimulation were more likely to induce apnea during stimulation that often persisted beyond cessation of the stimulus. Bicuculline, administered intravenously or intracisternally, decreased the SLN stimulation-induced decrease in phrenic nerve amplitude, minute phrenic activity, and phrenic nerve frequency ( P < 0.05). Bicuculline also reduced SLN-induced apnea and duration of poststimulation apnea ( P < 0.05). We conclude that centrally mediated GABAergic pathways are involved in laryngeal stimulation-induced apnea.

The effect of percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord on autonomic reactions in the acute period of rehabilitation after ischemic stroke

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Y. Bikbaeva ◽  
D.A. Pavlov ◽  
A.S. Kuznetsov ◽  
E.S. Balykina ◽  
I.V. Antipov
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Parasympathetic Influences ◽  
Circulatory Disorders ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effect of percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord on the reactions of the autonomic nervous system in patients after acute cerebral circulatory disorders was evaluated. Patients in the acute period of rehabilitation treatment underwent a course of percutaneous electrical stimulation for 10 days. Before and after rehabilitation, vegetative reactions were assessed using an orthoclinostatic test, an A.M.Wein questionnaire, and neurological disorders on the Scandinavian scale. The inclusion of the course of percutaneous electrical stimulation in the program of physical rehabilitation of patients who have suffered an ischemic stroke indicates an improvement in the motor status of patients and a decrease in the imbalance of sympathetic and parasympathetic influences Keywords: ischemic stroke, percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, vegetative reactions

scholarly journals Blood Pressure and Autonomic Responses to Electrical Stimulation of the Renal Arterial Nerves Before and After Ablation of the Renal Artery

Hypertension ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaomi Chinushi ◽  
Daisuke Izumi ◽  
Kenichi Iijima ◽  
Katsuya Suzuki ◽  
Hiroshi Furushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Autonomic Responses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stimulation Of

Pre- and postganglionic sympathetic activity in splanchnic nerves of rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (1) ◽  
pp. R55-R61 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Celler ◽  
L. P. Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Splanchnic Nerve ◽  
Ganglionic Blockade ◽  
Splanchnic Nerves ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Greater Splanchnic Nerve ◽  
Stimulation Of

Integrated sympathetic activity was recorded on anterior or posterior divisions of the greater splanchnic nerve (GSN) in anesthetized, acutely spinalized, artificially respired Wistar rats before and after ganglionic blockade by hexamethonium. Focal electrical stimulation of spinal sympathoexcitatory pathways elicited large increases in splanchnic sympathetic activity. Ganglionic blockade showed that the anterior and posterior divisions of the GSN are predominantly preganglionic and postganglionic, respectively. Histological examination of excised splanchnic nerves and sympathetic chains indicated that splanchnic postganglionic cell bodies must lie in the chain ganglia rather than within the GSN. Postganglionic responses were calculated for each rat by subtracting responses recorded after ganglionic blockade from responses recorded before ganglionic blockade. As expected, postganglionic responses exhibited longer onset latencies than preganglionic responses. However, evoked activity increased and decreased more rapidly in postganglionic fibers than in preganglionic fibers. Responses to stimulus trains were also better maintained in postganglionic than in preganglionic fibers.

scholarly journals MODULATION OF RESPIRATORY REACTIONS AT ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF MAGNUS RAPHE NUCLEUS OF MIDDLE SEAM BEFORE AND AFTER MICROINJECTION OF GABAZIN

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
A.O. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Chemical Stimulation ◽  
Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stimulation Of

In the article the inhibitory effects on respiratory parameters during electrical or chemical stimulation of the magnus raphe nucleus are induced mainly by the participation of GABA. To elucidate the involvement of GABA

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF GAIT FUNCTION CORRECTION AT PATIENTSWITH CEREBRAL PALSY IN THE FORM OF SPASTIC DIPLEGIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
V V Eliseev ◽  
T V Kulishova
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Spastic Diplegia ◽  
Programmed Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gait Function ◽  
Stimulation Of

Under our observation were 71 patients with a spastic diplegia in the age of 3-16 years. Patients are parted on 2 groups. The first group have made 38 children received a treatment complex with application of a functional programmed electrical stimulation on apparatus «ACorD», the second - 33 children received a complex of treatment with application of an electrostimulator «Miorithm-040». Electrical stimulations in both groups of patients were exposed the weakened muscles of legs and a back. Both groups of patients received paraffinic applications, manual massage, a specialized complex of medical physical training, employment in a corrective suit «Adeli». Before and after a complex of procedures function of walking by a technique of research children's orthopedic institute was investigated. At observable patients after application of a rehabilitational complex with including various kinds of a muscle electrical stimulation improvement of gait parameters is noted. Authentically best results are received at application of a rehabilitational complex with including a functional programmed electrical stimulation of muscles.

Excitability changes in vasomotor areas of the brain stem following D-tubocurarine

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence N. Peiss ◽  
John W. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Total Dose ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Autonomic Ganglia ◽  
Pressor Responses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cardiac Slowing ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Total Elimination ◽  
Stimulation Of

Cardiovascular responses to electrical stimulation of the medulla and hypothalamus have been studied before and after administration of d-tubocurarine. The drug was administered intravenously (100–150 gamma/kg) intracarotid (100–150 gamma/kg) and by direct microinjection into the medullary vasomotor area (3–15 gamma total dose). The possibility of autonomic ganglia or effector blockade was ruled out. Excitability of the medullary vasomotor area to electrical stimulation was depressed following injection of d-tubocurarine by any of the three routes. Partial to total elimination of pressor responses has been observed, as well as reversal from a pressor to a depressor response. Cardiac slowing resulting from stimulation of the dorsal vagal nucleus is abolished or greatly decreased by intracarotid injection of 150 gamma/kg of d-tubocurarine. Doses of this drug which depress the medulla had relatively little effect on similar cardiovascular responses elicited by stimulation of the hypothalamus.

Dental Afferents Project onto Gustatory Neurons in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Braud ◽  
A. Vandenbeuch ◽  
F. Zerari-Mailly ◽  
Y. Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Tracer Injection ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gustatory Neurons ◽  
Stimulation Of

The aim of this study was to investigate the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and chorda tympani (CT) projections onto gustatory neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) in the rat by immunochemical and electrophysiological techniques. IAN afferents were retrogradely labeled. NST neurons were labeled either by retrograde tracer injection into the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) or by c-Fos mapping after CT activation. NST neurons responding to tastant stimulation were recorded in vivo before and after electrical stimulation of the IAN. Results from the immunolabeling approach showed IAN boutons “en passant” apposed to retrogradely labeled neurons from PBN and to CT-activated neurons in the NST. Recordings of single NST neurons showed that the electrical stimulation of the IAN significantly decreased CT gustatory responses. Analysis of these data provides an anatomical and physiological basis to support trigeminal dental and gustatory interactions within the brainstem.

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