scholarly journals Protein degradation in hepatocyte monolayers. Effects of glucagon, adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate and insulin

1980 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M F Hopgood ◽  
M G Clark ◽  
F J Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Monolayer Culture ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Dibutyryl Cyclic Amp ◽  
Intracellular Protein ◽  
Chase Period ◽  
Cellular Autophagy ◽  
Collagenase Perfusion ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase perfusion of livers from fed rats and established in stationary monolayer culture. 2. Degradation of intracellular protein was measured in these monolayers after labelling for 16h with [3H]leucine followed by a 3h chase period in medium containing 2mM-leucine. 3. Proteolysis in this system was stimulated by physiological concentrations of glucagon and also by added dibutyryl cyclic AMP. The effects of these two agents were not additive, which is consistent with the view that they act by the same mechanism. 4. A close correlation was found between intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations generated by glucagon and the degree of stimulation of proteolysis elicited by the hormone. 5. Insulin reduced glucagon-stimulated proteolysis, but not glucagon-elevated intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations. 6. The continual presence of either insulin or glucagon was necessary for the full expression of their effects on proteolysis. 7. In the presence of cycloheximide, proteolysis was normally responsive to glucagon but not to insulin. In contrast, proteolysis was not responsive to either hormone in the presence of ammonia, an agent that blocks the final lysosomal step of protein breakdown. 8. We propose that in hepatocyte monolayers glucagon may act via cyclic AMP to increase cellular autophagy and thus increase proteolysis, whereas insulin inhibits these processes independently of cyclic AMP.

scholarly journals Stimulation by glucocorticoids of protein degradation in hepatocyte monolayers

1981 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M F Hopgood ◽  
M G Clark ◽  
F J Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Monolayer Culture ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Dibutyryl Cyclic Amp ◽  
Intracellular Proteins ◽  
Autophagic Process ◽  
Soluble Material ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Protein degradation in rat hepatocytes in stationary monolayer culture was measured as release of radioactive trichloroacetic acid-soluble material from intracellular proteins labelled with [3H]leucine. 2. Glucocorticoids, but not other steroids, stimulated protein breakdown in the hepatocyte monolayers. The effects observed were greater when the cells were preincubated with the hormones, indicating that the stimulation was not immediate. In addition, the stimulation by glucocorticoids persisted for up to 4 h after hormone removal. 3. Cycloheximide and the lysosomotropic agents leupeptin and ammonia effectively blocked glucocorticoid stimulation of protein degradation. 4. Insulin blocked dexamethasone stimulation when added at the same time as the steroid, but not when added 3 h later. 5. Stimulation of protein breakdown by dexamethasone was additive with that by glucagon or dibutyryl cyclic AMP, suggesting that its mechanism of action is different from that of the latter two agents. 6. Total activities of several lysosomal enzymes were unaffected under conditions where protein breakdown was stimulated by either glucagon or dexamethasone. 7. It is suggested that, whereas glucagon, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and insulin modulate protein breakdown in these cells via changes in autophagocytosis, the stimulation by glucocorticoids is exerted independently, perhaps by stimulating the synthesis of membrane proteins essential to the autophagic process.

Control of brown adipose tissue lipolysis and respiration by adenosine

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (6) ◽  
pp. E555-E559 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Szillat ◽  
L. J. Bukowiecki
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
Dibutyryl Cyclic Amp ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Stimulation Of

Adenosine competitively inhibited the stimulatory effects of (-)-isoproterenol on lipolysis and respiration in hamster brown adipocytes. The low value of the apparent ki for respiratory inhibition by adenosine (7 nM) indicated that the nucleoside may control brown adipocyte function under physiological concentrations. Significantly, the dose-response curves for isoproterenol stimulation of lipolysis and respiration were both shifted by adenosine to higher agonist concentrations by the same order of magnitude, providing additional evidence for a tight coupling between lipolysis and respiration. The inhibitory effects of adenosine were rapidly reversed by a) adenosine deaminase, b) agents known to increase intracellular cyclic AMP levels (isoproterenol, isobutylmethylxanthine, dibutyryl cyclic AMP), and c) direct stimulation of respiration with palmitic acid. These results, combined with the fact that adenosine failed to affect respiration evoked either by dibutyryl cyclic AMP or by palmitic acid, strongly indicate that adenosine regulates brown adipose tissue respiration at an early metabolic step of the stimulus-thermogenesis sequence, most probably at the level of the adenylate cyclase complex.

Evidence for glomerular actions of ADH and dibutyryl cyclic AMP in the rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. F102-F117
Author(s):  
I. Ichikawa ◽  
B. M. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Dibutyryl Cyclic Amp ◽  
Water Diuresis ◽  
Single Nephron ◽  
Arterial Hemorrhage ◽  
Glomerular Ultrafiltration ◽  
Stimulation Of

Experiments were performed on 54 chronically water diuretic Munich-Wistar rats to investigate the effects of various antidiuretic peptides on the determinants of glomerular ultrafiltration. Transition from water diuresis to antidiuresis, induced either by intravenous infusion of 1) exogenous peptides (Pitressin, synthetic arginine vasopressin, or synthetic [1-deamino,4-valine]-8-D-arginine vasopressin) or 2) dibutyryl cyclic AMP, or by stimulation of endogenous ADH release by acute, mild arterial hemorrhage, was associated with near-constant or decreased values for single nephron (SN) and total kidney GFR. Nevertheless, the glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference (deltaP) uniformly increased with antidiuresis, due to consistent reductions in Bowman's space hydraulic pressure rather than to increases in glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure, the former a consequence of the fall in urine flow rate. In all antidiuretic states, the rats were uniformly observed to be at filtration pressure disequilibrium, permitting calculation of unique values of the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf). These values of Kf in antidiuresis were invariably lower than the values obtained during water diuresis. Whether these effects of ADH and DBcAMP on deltaP and Kf represent physiological influences in the control of GFR remains uncertain; their offsetting effects in the present studies usually failed to alter GFR appreciably.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural changes induced by ACTH in normal adrenocortical cells in culture.

1977 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
A T Suyama ◽  
J A Long ◽  
J Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Monolayer Culture ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Dibutyryl Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adrenocortical Cells ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Adrenal Cells ◽  
Camp Synthesis ◽  
High Concentrations

The effects of ACTH, its o-nitrophenyl sulfenyl derivative (NPS-ACTH) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbc AMP) on the ultrastructural morphology of adrenocortical cells of adult rats in monolayer culture have been investigated. NPS-ACTH, which has previously been shown to stimulate steroidogenesis but not cAMP synthesis in adrenal cells, induced the same characteristic transformation of mitochondrial architecture as produced by ACTH or high concentrations of dbcAMP. All three agents caused the disappearance of electron-opaque granules present in the mitochondria of unstimulated cells. It was found that these granules could be extracted with EGTA (ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate). These results are discussed in the light of the known importance of calcium ions in the actions of ACTH.

Stimulation of aromatase activity in the fetal rat testis by cyclic AMP and FSH

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-P. Weniger ◽  
A. Zeis
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
Aromatase Activity ◽  
Dibutyryl Cyclic Amp ◽  
Rat Testis ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Fetal Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and FSH on oestrogen biosynthesis was investigated in testes from 18- to 21-day-old fetal rats cultured in vitro in the presence of tritiated testosterone. Oestrone and oestradiol concentrations were measured by determination of constant specific activity after isotopic dilution. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP and FSH markedly stimulated the conversion of testosterone into both oestrone and oestradiol at all stages studied. Oestradiol synthesis was stimulated by two- to sevenfold, while stimulation of oestrone synthesis was even greater. The results demonstrate that the aromatase enzyme system of the fetal rat testis responds to cyclic AMP and FSH. J. Endocr. (1988) 118, 485–489

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