scholarly journals Acetate is the preferred substrate for long-chain fatty acid synthesis in isolated spinach chloroplasts

1979 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
P G Roughan ◽  
R Holland ◽  
C R Slack
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Isolated Chloroplasts ◽  
Long Chain

1. Commercially available [2-14C]pyruvate and [2-14C]malonate were found to contain 3-6% (w/w) of [14C]acetate. 2. The contaminating [14C]acetate was efficiently utilized for fatty acid synthesis by isolated chloroplasts, whereas the parent materials were poorer substrates. 3. Maximum incorporation rates of the different substrates examined were (ng-atoms of C/h per mg of chlorophyll): [1-14C]acetate, 2676; [2-14C]pyruvate, 810; H14CO3-, 355; [2-14C]malonate, 19. 4. Products of CO2 fixation were probably not a significant carbon source for fatty acid synthesis in the presence of exogenous acetate.

scholarly journals On the control of long-chain-fatty acid synthesis in isolated intact spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts

1979 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Grattan Roughan ◽  
Ross Holland ◽  
C. Roger Slack
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Isolated Chloroplasts ◽  
Long Chain

1. Chloroplasts isolated from spinach leaves by using the low-ionic-strength buffers of Nakatani & Barber [(1977) Biochim. Biophys. Acta.461, 510–512] had higher rates of HCO3−-dependent oxygen evolution (up to 369μmol/h per mg of chlorophyll) and higher rates of [1-14C]acetate incorporation into long-chain fatty acids (up to 1500nmol/h per mg of chlorophyll) than chloroplasts isolated by using alternative procedures. 2. Acetate appeared to be the preferred substrate for fatty acid synthesis by isolated chloroplasts, although high rates of synthesis were also measured from H14CO3− in assays permitting high rats of photosynthesis. Incorporation of H14CO3− into fatty acids was decreased by relatively low concentrations of unlabelled acetate. Acetyl-CoA synthetase activity was present 3–4 times in excess of that required to account for rates of [1-14C]acetate incorporation into fatty acids, but pyruvate dehydrogenase was either absent or present in very low activity in spinach chloroplasts. 3. Rates of long-chain-fatty acid synthesis from [1-14C]acetate in the highly active chloroplast preparations, compared with those used previously, were less dependent on added cofactors, but showed a greater response to light. The effects of added CoA plus ATP, Triton X-100 and sn-glycerol 3-phosphate on the products of [1-14C]acetate incorporation were similar to those reported for less active chloroplast preparations. 4. Endogenous [14C]acetyl-CoA plus [14C]malonyl-CoA was maintained at a constant low level even when fatty acid synthesis was limited by low HCO3− concentrations. Endogenous [14C]acyl-(acyl-carrier protein) concentrations increased with increasing HCO3− concentration and higher rates of fatty acid synthesis, but were slightly lower in the presence of Triton X-100. It is proposed that rates of long-chain-fatty acid synthesis in isolated chloroplasts at saturating [1-14C]acetate concentrations and optimal HCO3− concentrations may be primarily controlled by rates of removal of the products of the fatty acid synthetase.

Arabidopsis Bax inhibitor-1 interacts with enzymes related to very-long-chain fatty acid synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Nagano ◽  
Chikako Kakuta ◽  
Yoichiro Fukao ◽  
Masayuki Fujiwara ◽  
Hirofumi Uchimiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals TORC1 Inhibits GSK3-Mediated Elo2 Phosphorylation to Regulate Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis and Autophagy

Cell Reports ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2073-2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Zimmermann ◽  
Aline Santos ◽  
Kenneth Gable ◽  
Sharon Epstein ◽  
Charulatha Gururaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Defects in Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis Enhance Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity in a Yeast Model of Parkinson's Disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e15946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Joo Lee ◽  
Shaoxiao Wang ◽  
Sunny R. Slone ◽  
Talene A. Yacoubian ◽  
Stephan N. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Yeast Model
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