scholarly journals Properties of cytochrome c modified by attachment to a carbohydrate polymer

1978 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Silvestrini ◽  
A Colosimo ◽  
M Brunori ◽  
E Antonini
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Functional Behavior ◽  
Insoluble Complex ◽  
Chemical Determination ◽  
Carbohydrate Polymer

By enzymic digestion of the polysaccharide part of the covalent complex between cytochrome c and Sephadex G-200, a new water-soluble cytochrome c derivative is obtained (called cytochrome cr). Measurement of the free amino groups of this derivative indicates that on average the molar ratio between cytochrome c and polysaccharide is close to 1. Chemical determination of the sugar content gives a value of approx. 24000 for the molecular weight of cytochrome cr. On these bases the soluble cytochrome cr complex may be thought of as a folded protein to which a long polysaccharide tail is covalently bound. The functional behaviour of cytochrome cr is much more similar to that of the native molecule than to that of the insoluble complex (cytochrome ci). In particular the kinetics of the reaction of cytochrome cr and cytochrome cn (native) with ascorbate, ferrocyanide-ferricyanide, O2 and cytochrome c oxidase were investigated in considerable detail. The results of these experiments, together with the observation that the insoluble complex of cytochrome c is a very poor substrate of cytochrome c oxidase [Colosimo, Brunori & Antonini (1976) Biochem. J. 153, (657-661], indicate that hindrance effects constraining the approach between cytochrome cr and its oxidase are of greater importance than specific chemical modifications in determining the functional behavior of the protein.

Cytochrome c is crosslinked to subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase by a water-soluble carbodiimide

Biochemistry ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 3857-3862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Millett ◽  
Victor Darley-Usmar ◽  
Roderick A. Capaldi
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Water Soluble

scholarly journals Cytochrome c-mediated electron transfer between ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome c oxidase. Kinetic evidence for a mobile cytochrome c pool

1984 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Froud ◽  
C I Ragan
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
State Level ◽  
Complex Iii ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cytochrome C Reductase ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Ubiquinol Oxidase ◽  
Mediated Electron Transfer ◽  
Pool Model

Ubiquinol oxidase has been reconstituted from ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase (Complex III), cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV). The steady-state level of reduction of cytochrome c by ubiquinol-2 varies with the molar ratios of the complexes and with the presence of antimycin in a way that can be quantitatively accounted for by a model in which cytochrome c acts as a freely diffusible pool on the membrane. This model was based on that of Kröger & Klingenberg [(1973) Eur. J. Biochem. 34, 358-368] for ubiquinone-pool behaviour. Further confirmation of the pool model was provided by analysis of ubiquinol oxidase activity as a function of the molar ratio of the complexes and prediction of the degree of inhibition by antimycin.

scholarly journals Dynamics of proteoliposome formation. Intermediate states during detergent dialysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 246 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Wrigglesworth ◽  
M S Wooster ◽  
J Elsden ◽  
H J Danneel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Protein Conformation ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Protein Orientation ◽  
Intermediate States ◽  
Small Unilamellar Vesicles

1. The intermediate structures formed during dialysis of mixtures of cholate, phospholipid and cytochrome c oxidase were analysed by gel chromatography and electron microscopy. Measurements of trapped phosphate and the degree of respiratory control were used to assess the integrity of the vesicular structures formed. Protein orientation in the bilayer was monitored by the accessibility of cytochrome c to cytochrome c oxidase. 2. The results indicate that proteoliposome formation by the detergent-dialysis procedure takes place in three distinct stages. In the first stage, cholate/phospholipid and cholate/phospholipid/protein micelles coexist in solution and grow in size as the detergent is slowly removed. At a detergent/phospholipid molar ratio of about 0.2, micelle fusion results in the formation of large bilayer aggregates permeable to both phosphate and cytochrome c. It is at this stage that cytochrome c oxidase is incorporated into the bilayer. In the final stage of dialysis the bilayer sheets fragment into small unilamellar vesicles. 3. The orientation of membrane protein in the final vesicles appears to be determined by the effect of protein conformation on the initial curvature of the bilayer sheets during the fragmentation process.

scholarly journals A water-soluble supramolecular complex that mimics the heme/copper hetero-binuclear site of cytochrome c oxidase

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1989-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Kitagishi ◽  
Daiki Shimoji ◽  
Takehiro Ohta ◽  
Ryo Kamiya ◽  
Yasuhiro Kudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Model System ◽  
Supramolecular Complex ◽  
Water Soluble

The O2 adduct of an aqueous synthetic heme/copper model system built on a porphyrin/cyclodextrin supramolecular complex has been characterized.

Utilization of Tofu Dregs Flour in Making Snack Bars for People with Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Diah Cahyani Subamia ◽  
Komang Ayu Nocianitri ◽  
I Dewa Gede Mayun Permana
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Control Group Design

Type II diabetes mellitus due to an unhealthy lifestyle, one of which is the lack of fiber in daily food consumption. One food that has a high fiber content is tofu dregs. The purpose of this study was to determine substitution of wheat flour with tofu dregs flour to produce a snack bar with the best characteristics, and determine the effect of consumption of snack bar from tofu dregs on blood sugar content in rats. The research was conducted two steps. Step I: Formulation of snack bar using a completely randomized design with tofu dregs flour concentration of 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, and 50 %. The variables of this study were the content of water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates, sensory tests, and effectiveness tests. Step II: the best characteristic snack bar in the step I was used experimental rats. This step used true experimental design with pre-post test control group design. The variables of study were blood glucose levels before treatment and after treatment. The treatment group consisted of normal, negative, positive control, and snack bar. The results of the first step of the research showed that substitution of wheat flour with 40 % tofu dregs produced the best characteristic snack bar with 17.19 % water content, 1.33 % ash content, 11.03 % protein, 20.53 % fat, 49.92 % carbohydrate, light brown color, unpleasant aroma, distinctive soy taste, crumb texture, 0.63 % water soluble food fiber, 1.57 % water insoluble fiber, and total food fiber 2.36 %. The results of the second step of the study showed that the provision of substitution of wheat flour with tofu dregs flour 40 % could reduce blood sugar levels in diabetic mellitus rats until normal, start 290 mg/dl to 108.5 mg/dl. Tofu dregs flour can be used for snack bar formulations for people with diabetes mellitus.

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