scholarly journals Conjugated and unconjugated bilirubins in bile of humans and rhesus monkeys. Structure of adult human and rhesus-monkey bilirubins compared with dog bilirubins

1977 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
S G Blumenthal ◽  
D B Taggart ◽  
R Ikeda ◽  
B H Ruebner ◽  
D E Bergstrom
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Unknown Compound ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
Technical Modifications ◽  
Working Day

1. Bilirubin-IXalpha, -IXalpha diglucuronide, -IXalpha monoglucuronide, -IXalpha monoglucoside -IXalpha monoxyloside, a bilirubin-IXalpha diconjugate containing glucose and another unknown compound, and bilirubin-IXbeta are present in gall-bladder bile of adult human, rhesus monkey and dog. Dog bile normally also contains other bilirubin-IXalpha diconjugates, i.e. compounds containing two conjugating sugars such as glucuronic acid and glucose, glucuronic acid and xylose and glucose xylose. 2. Azopigments alphaF, alphaO, alpha2, alpha3, betax and delta derived from human and rhesus-monkey bilirubins are identical in their chemical composition with those obtained from the dog. 3. Azopigments alphaF and betax found in diazotized biles of adult humans, rhesus monkeys and dogs are products of unconjugated bilirubin-IXbeta. 4. Technical modifications of previously published procedures [Heirwegh, Fevery, Michiels, Van Hees & Compernolle, (1975) Biochem. J. 145, 185-199] were introduced which make it possible to separate the bilirubins, diazotize the separated bilirubins, extract the azopigments and chromatograph them in one working day (6-8h).

THE BI-DIRECTIONAL PLACENTAL TRANSFER OF I131 3:5:3' TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN THE RHESUS MONKEY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-752
Author(s):  
Marvin A. Schultz ◽  
Jean B. Forsander ◽  
Ronald A. Chez ◽  
Donald L. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Maternal Transfer ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Unknown Compound ◽  
Maternal Thyroid

The placental transfer of I131-labeled triiodothyronine has been studied in Rhesus monkeys. The majority of maternal to fetal placental transfer of radioactivity was in the form of iodide and a chemically unrecognized compound on chromatograms. Only traces of triiodothyronine or thyroxine were detected. In the fetal to maternal transfer studies, triiodothyronine was more readily transferred into the maternal circulation with small amounts of iodide and a similar unknown compound appearing. This substance may be sulfate conjugated triiodothyronine. There was a considerably higher concentration gradient used in the fetal to maternal transfers than in the reverse direction. The implications of this gradient difference are discussed. The data from this study add further evidence to the clinical experience that maternal thyroid hormones are not readily available to meet all of the fetal needs during the latter part of pregnancy.

The Growth of Herpesvirus mulatto in Human Fibroblast

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
Glennelle Washington ◽  
Philip P. McGrath ◽  
Peter R. Graze ◽  
Ivor Royston
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Fibroblast ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leucocytes

Herpes-like viruses were isolated from rhesus monkey peripheral blood leucocytes when co-cultivated with WI-38 cells. The virus was originally designated rhesus leucocyte-associated herpesvirus (LAHV) and subsequently called Herpesvirus mulatta (HVM). The original isolations were from juvenile rhesus monkeys shown to be free of antibody to rhesus cytomegalic virus. The virus could only be propagated in human or simian fibroblasts. Use of specific antisera developed from HVM showed no relationship between this virus and other herpesviruses. An electron microscopic study was undertaken to determine the morphology of Herpesvirus mulatta (HVM) in infected human fibroblasts.

scholarly journals Intratracheal inoculation of human varicella zoster virus (VZV; MAV strain) vaccine successfully induced VZV IgG antibodies in rhesus monkeys

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Min Kim ◽  
Chung-Gyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Simian Varicella Virus ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Varicella Virus ◽  
Strain Vaccine

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to investigate whether the use of live attenuated varicella zoster virus (VZV) MAV vaccination can efficiently induce VZV antibody production in naive rhesus monkeys as an approach to prevent simian varicella virus (SVV) reactivation in animals immunosuppressed for transplantation studies. Results Clinically available human VZV vaccine was used to induce the production of anti-VZV antibodies in rhesus monkeys. A vial of the vaccine was subcutaneously injected at 0 week, and the second and third vaccination was performed at 5 and 6 weeks by intratracheal inoculation. The titer of anti-VZV IgG was assessed at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 7 weeks. At 2 weeks, 3/16 were seropositive for VZV IgG. At 6 weeks, 9/16 were shown to be seropositive. At 7 weeks, 16/16 were found to be seropositive. Conclusions The VZV vaccine via intratrachael inoculation was shown to induce VZV IgG humoral immunity in rhesus monkeys and may be important immunosuppressed macaques for transplantation studies. Although the humoral immunity produced is an important finding, further studies will be necessary to confirm possible protection and it could protect probably against SVV infection in rhesus monkey.

Some Empirical Results Concerning Causal Learning and Representation

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-226
Author(s):  
James Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Causal Learning ◽  
Additional Structure ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Causal Representation ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
Causal Cognition ◽  
Over Time

This chapter explores some empirical results bearing on the descriptive and normative adequacy of different accounts of causal learning and representation. It begins by contrasting associative accounts with accounts that attribute additional structure to causal representation, arguing in favor of the latter. Empirical results supporting the claim that adult humans often reason about causal relationships using interventionist counterfactuals are presented. Contrasts between human and nonhuman primate causal cognition are also discussed, as well as some experiments concerning causal cognition in young children. A proposal about what is involved in having adult human causal representations is presented and some issues about how these might develop over time are explored.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidiosis in Two Juvenile Rhesus Monkeys

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Kovatch ◽  
J. D. White
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Pancreatic Ducts ◽  
Epithelial Hyperplasia ◽  
The Common

A coccidium of the genus Cryptosporidium, previously unreported in simians, was observed in two juvenile Rhesus monkeys. The organisms were restricted in one to the epithelium of the common bile, intrahepatic and pancreatic ducts and gall bladder and in the other to the epithelium of the small and large intestines. Epithelial hyperplasia and mucosal inflammation were common histologic features. Small bulbous enlargements that might be misinterpreted as cryptosporidia projected from the epithelial cells of some gall bladders of noninfected monkeys.

scholarly journals THE RENEWAL OF ROD AND CONE OUTER SEGMENTS IN THE RHESUS MONKEY

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Young
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Renewal Processes ◽  
Visual Cells ◽  
Rods And Cones ◽  
Outer Segments ◽  
Retinal Rod ◽  
Assembly Site

The renewal of retinal rod and cone outer segments has been studied by radioautography in rhesus monkeys examined 2 and 4 days after injection of leucine-3H. The cell outer segment consists of a stack of photosensitive, membranous discs. In both rods and cones some of the newly formed (radioactive) protein became distributed throughout the outer segment. Furthermore, in rods (but not in cones), there was a transverse band of concentrated radioactive protein slightly above the outer segment base 2 days after injection. This was due to the formation of new discs, into which labeled protein had been incorporated. At 4 days, these radioactive discs were located farther from the outer segment base. Repeated assembly of new discs had displaced them away from the basal assembly site and along the outer segment. Measurements of the displacement rate indicated that each retinal rod produces 80–90 discs per day, and that the entire complement of outer segment discs is replaced every 9–13 days. To compensate for the continual formation of new discs, groups of old discs are intermittently shed from the apical end of the cell and phagocytized by the pigment epithelium. Each pigment epithelial cell engulfs and destroys about 2000–4000 rod outer segment discs daily. The similarity between visual cells in the rhesus monkey and those in man suggests that the same renewal processes occur in the human retina.

scholarly journals THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MARMOSETS TO YELLOW FEVER VIRUS

1930 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson C. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Human Beings

1. It has been possible to introduce yellow fever virus into the small Brazilian monkeys, Callithrix albicollis and Leontocebus ursulus, by the bites of infected mosquitoes and to carry the virus through a series of four passages in each species and back to rhesus monkeys by the bites of Stegomyia mosquitoes fed on the last marmoset of each series. 2. Five specimens of L. ursulus were used. Four developed fever, and all died during the experiments. At least two showed liver necroses comparable to those found in human beings and rhesus monkeys that died of yellow fever. 3. Twenty specimens of C. albicollis were used. Very few showed a temperature reaction following the introduction of virus. Of those that died, none had lesions typical of yellow fever as seen in certain other species of monkeys and in humans. 4. The convalescent serum from each of five C. albicollis protected a rhesus monkey against yellow fever virus, but the serum from a normal marmoset of the same species was found to be non-protective.

scholarly journals Changes in advanced glycation end products, beta-defensin-3, and interleukin-17 during diabetic periodontitis development in rhesus monkeys

2018 ◽  
Vol 243 (8) ◽  
pp. 684-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Yuanmin Li ◽  
Changchang Ye ◽  
Wanhong Wu ◽  
Guangneng Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products

The bidirectional relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal disease has drawn great attention; however, the mechanisms underlying their association remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to develop a rhesus monkey model of diabetic periodontitis and explore the potential mechanisms by which DM affects the progression of periodontal disease. Three healthy rhesus monkeys were selected as the control group. Five streptozotocin-induced diabetic rhesus monkeys were chosen as the experimental group. Ligature placement was used to induce periodontitis. The changes in the levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), beta-defensin-3 (BD-3), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at different stages during disease progression. Periodontitis was confirmed by clinical assessment, radiographic images, and histological examination. Significant changes in the levels of AGEs and BD-3 in serum were observed at the periodontitis stage in diabetic rhesus monkeys ( P < 0.05). The expression of BD-3 mRNA in the gingiva of diabetic group at baseline was significantly high ( P < 0.05). Diabetic monkeys exhibited significantly enhanced IL-17 mRNA expression at the periodontitis stage ( P < 0.05). Our findings indicated that the rhesus monkey can serve as an ideal model for exploring the pathogenesis of diabetic periodontitis, and the hyperglycemic environment may accelerate inflammatory response and weaken the defense system in periodontal tissues. Impact statement The mechanism underlying the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal disease is not yet fully understood. Hence, there is a need to establish animal models to reveal the effect of DM on the pathogenesis of periodontitis. In this study, we explored the appropriate methods for inducing periodontitis and shortening the modeling time in rhesus monkeys, to investigate the pathogenesis of diabetic periodontitis and develop innovative therapies. Our results suggest that a hyperglycemic environment might lead to the destruction of periodontal tissues by accelerating inflammatory response and weakening the defense system in periodontal tissues. Therefore, this study has significant treatment implications regarding the regulation of the immune response against periodontal diseases in patients with DM.

Seasonal changes in the chemical composision of the red alga Hypnea musciformis

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
AF Abdel ◽  
NM Abed ◽  
M Edrees
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Hypnea Musciformis ◽  
Algal Material

Seasonal changes were observed in the chemical composition of the marine red alga Hypnea musciformis. Lipids, cholesterol, and lanosterol were found as constituents of the algal material. No low-molecular weight carbohydrates were found except small amounts of mannitol. The algal hydrolysate was shown to contain galactose, glucose, and xylose in all seasons and was characterized by a high content of glucuronic acid and its lactone in February. Definite seasonal variations were found in the patterns of free amino acids and of amino acid compositions of proteins.

scholarly journals Lung function and blood gas characteristics in the rhesus monkey

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Binns ◽  
G. C. Clark ◽  
C. R. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Rhesus

Detailed information has been obtained on the normal lung mechanics, lung ventilation and blood gases and pH in unanaesthetized, restrained male and female rhesus monkeys. This information is compared with the limited amount of data previously available on lung function in the rhesus monkey, and with the pulmonary characteristics of the baboon and cynomolgus monkey.

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