scholarly journals Characterization of the serum lipoproteins and their apoproteins in hypercholesterolaemic guinea pigs

1977 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Chapman ◽  
G L Mills
Keyword(s):  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Concentrations

1. Hypercholesterolaemia was induced in male guinea pigs after 6 days on a chow diet supplemented with 1.6% (w/w) cholesterol and 15% (w/w) corn oil. Both the VLD (very-low-density) and LD (low-density) lipoproteins were increased in cholesterol-fed animals, although the low concentrations of HD (high-density) lipoproteins remained essentially unchanged. LD lipoproteins of d 1.019-1.100 were the major class, accounting for 74% of the total substances of d less than 1.100. 2. Both VLD and LD lipoproteins exhibited alterations in their chemical composition, physical properties and apolipoprotein content. The VLD lipoproteins in cholesterolaemic animals were rich in cholesterol (25.9%), deficient in protein (4.9%) and exhibited electrophoretic mobility greater than that of beta-globulin; their average particle size (64.5 nm) was larger than that in controls (46.3 nm). The LD lipoproteins in animals fed on the experimental diet were also richer in cholesterol (53.1%) and of larger diameter (24.3 nm) than in the control group (41.1% and 21.4 nm respectively). 3. The apolipoprotein-B content of both VLD and LD lipoproteins was elevated in cholesterolaemic animals, particularly in the VLD class, where it represented 74.8% of the total protein moiety. 4. Apo-VLD lipoprotein exhibited an increase from 6 to 19% in its complement of tetramethylurea-soluble apolipoproteins with low electrophoretic mobility (relative mobility less than 0.29); this was primarily accounted for by apolipoproteins characterized by high arginine (7.2 and 6.4% respectively) and glutamic acid (20.1 and 20.0% respectively) contents. 5. By contrast, there was little change in the soluble apolipoproteins of LD lipoproteins in hypercholesterolaemic animals.6. These studies show the response of the guinea pig to dietary fat and cholesterol to be distinct from that elicited by similar stimuli in the rabbit, rat, pig and dog.

SYNTHESIS AND MANIPULATION OF WO3 NANO PARTICLES FOR GAS SENSING APPLICATIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Elham kamali Heidari ◽  
Seyed Reza Mahmoodi ◽  
Ehsan Marzbanrad ◽  
Babak Raisi ◽  
Cyrus Zmani
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Monoclinic Structure ◽  
Template Removal ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Nanocasting Route

Ultra fine WO 3 nanoparticles were synthesized by nanocasting route, using mesoporous SiO 2 as a template. BET measurements showed a specific surface area of 700m2/gr for synthesized SiO 2 while after impregnation and template removal, this area was reduced to 43m2/gr for WO 3 nanoparticles. HRTEM results showed single crystalline nanoparticles with average particle size of about 5nm possessing a monoclinic structure which is the favorite crystal structure for gas sensing applications. Alternative electric field was applied to align synthesized WO 3 nanoparticles between electrodes. Gas sensing measurements showed that this material has a high sensitivity to very low concentrations of NO 2 at 250°C.

scholarly journals The metabolic modification of low-density lipoproteins in normal and hypercholesterolaemic guinea pigs

1978 ◽  
Vol 175 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
P K Weech ◽  
G L Mills
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Final Density

1. Low-density lipoproteins were isolated by ultracentrifugation from the serum of guinea pigs that were fed either on a normal diet, or on a diet supplemented with corn oil and cholesterol. 2. After labelling with tracer amounts of radioactive iodine, these lipoproteins were injected into the bloodstream of guinea pigs that were fed either on the normal or on the supplemented diet. 3. In all cases, the density of the labelled lipoproteins was increased by exposure for 24-48 h to the metabolic processes of the guinea pig. 4. The final density reached by lipoproteins isolated from fat-fed guinea pigs was less than that reached by lipoproteins from normal animals. 5. Fat-fed guinea pigs were unable to increase the density of either normal lipoproteins, or those from fat-fed guinea pits, to the same extent as animals fed on the normal diet. 6. It is concluded that the lipid-rich diet brings about a modification of lipoprotein metabolism in the guinea, pig, which plays an important part in determining the nature of the nature of the low-density lipoprotein that is present in the plasma.

scholarly journals Aggregation of Nanochemical Microcrystals in Urine Promotes the Formation of Urinary Calculi

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yanting Lou ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Zhengyao Song
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Experimental Group

With the increasing incidence and recurrence rate of urinary calculi, urinary calculi have become a serious health risk, and the research on urinary calculi has become the focus of public attention. At present, the research results on the formation mechanism of urinary calculi are not ideal, and there is no unified conclusion. In order to further study the influencing factors of the formation of urinary calculi and provide new ideas for the prevention and clinical treatment of urinary calculi, the influence of agglomeration of nanochemical microcrystals in urine on urinary calculi was studied in this paper. In this study, fresh morning urine was collected from 10 urological stone patients and 10 healthy controls without urological stone in the urology department of a hospital. After processing the experimental specimens, we first use flame atomic absorption spectrometry and alcian blue colorimetric method to detect the content of Ca2+ and citrate in the urine and then use the nanoparticle size analyzer to detect the microcrystals in the urine. Diameter, distribution, degree of aggregation and potential, and finally HRTEM observation to observe the morphology, chemical composition, and element composition of the nanocrystals. The results showed that the content of Ca2+ and lemon hydrochloric acid in the urine of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. The particle size of the nanocrystals increased with the increase in the pore size of the membrane. The average particle size of the experimental group increased gradually from 163 ± 31 nm to 3219 ± 863 nm, while the average particle size of the control group increased from 183 ± 65 nm to 997 ± 522 nm. The mean value of the potential decreased with the increase in the pore size of the filter membrane. The change amplitude of the experimental group was 6.57 mV, while the change amplitude of the control group was only 1.75 mV. In the composition of nanocrystals, element O accounts for the most, accounting for 42.54% of all elements. This indicates that the aggregation of nanocrystals in urine will lead to the rapid increase in the size of nanocrystals, which will eventually lead to the formation of stones.

scholarly journals Study on stability and in vitro digestion of camellia oil nanoemulsion system

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Zheng Xiaoyan ◽  
Zheng Lili ◽  
Sun Yaxin ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Ai Binling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Soybean Protein Isolate ◽  
Camellia Oil ◽  
Tea Saponin

The soy protein isolate (SPI) was combined with tea saponin as an emulsifier to prepare camellia oil nanoemulsion, and the stability of camellia oil nanoemulsion was compared with that of soybean protein isolate or tea saponin as emulsifier. The effects of different pH, ionic strength, heating temperature and storage time on the average particle size, ξ-potential and microstructure of camellia oil nanoemulsion prepared by three emulsifiers were studied. The results showed that the nanoemulsions prepared by combining natural emulsifiers (SPI-TS) in the pH range of 5-9 were stable and remained stable in the range of 0-300mm NaCl concentration, but had poor tolerance to high salt environment. After heating at different temperatures (30 °C-90 °C) for 30min, the average particle size, ξ-potential and microstructure of the three emulsions did not change significantly, showing good heating stability. At different storage temperatures (4, 25, 50°C) SPI-TS and TS emulsion could exist stably about four weeks, and had good storage stability. In addition, we performed in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion studies on the digestive properties of camellia oil nanoemulsions. The results showed that the particle size, the ξ-potential of the nanoemulsion changes depend on the type of emulsifier during digestion. The release rate of free fat acids (FFAs) of nanoemulsions after gastrointestinal digestion were all higher than that of the control group. The results showed that the nanoemulsion delivery system could effectively improve the digestion of camellia oil, It was important to improve the bioavailability of camellia oil.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Ginsenoside Rg3 Nanoparticles Against Ehrlich Solid Tumor Growth in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona A El-Banna ◽  
Omnia M Hendawy ◽  
Aziza A El-Nekeety ◽  
Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab
Keyword(s):  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Ginsenoside Rg3 ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites

Abstract Solid tumors are fairly common and face many clinical difficulties since they are hardly surgically resectable and broadly do not respond to radiation and chemotherapy. The current study aimed to fabricate ginsenoside Rg3 nanoparticles (Rg3-NPs) and evaluate their antitumor effect against Ehrlich solid tumors (EST) in mice. Rg3-NPs were fabricated using whey protein isolates (WPI), maltodextrin (MD), and gum Arabic (GA). EST was developed by the injection of mice with Ehrlich ascites cells (2.5 x 106). The mice were divided into a control group, EST group, and the EST groups that were treated orally 2 weeks for with normal Rg3 (3 mg/kg b.w), Rg3-NPs at a low dose (3 mg/kg b.w), and Rg3-NPs at a high dose (6 mg/kg b.w). Serum and solid tumors were collected for different assays. The results revealed that synthesized Rg3-NPs showed a spherical shape with an average particle size of 20 nm and zeta potential of -5.58 mV. The in vivo study revealed that EST mice showed a significant increase in AFP, Casp3, TNF-α, MMP-9, VEGF, MDA DNA damage accompanied by a significant decrease in SOD and GPx. Treatment with Rg3 or Rg3-NPs decreased the tumor weight and size and induced a significant improvement in all the biochemical parameters. Rg3-NPs were more effective than Rg3 and the improvement was dose-dependent. It could be concluded that fabrication of Rg3-NPs enhanced the protective effect against EST development which may be due to the synergistic effect of Rg3 and MD, GA, and WPI.

The effect of various high-fat diet on liver histology in the development of NAFLD models in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-553
Author(s):  
Mahardian Rahmadi ◽  
Ahmad Dzulfikri Nurhan ◽  
Eka Dewi Pratiwi ◽  
Devita Ardina Prameswari ◽  
Sisca Melani Panggono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Tallow ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Liver Histology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The World

Abstract Objectives Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is exceptionally common around the world. The development of NAFLD is increasing rapidly in the world, along with changes in lifestyle. Excess lipid intake is one of the risk factors for NAFLD. The NAFLD model is induced by a high-fat diet contains SFA, MUFA, and ῳ-6 PUFA. This study aims to assess the effect of high-fat diet variation on liver histology in developing NAFLD models in mice. Methods Thirty-six male mice (Balb/c) were divided into six groups fed a high-fat diet containing beef tallow 60%, beef tallow 45%, vegetable ghee, animal ghee + corn oil, vegetable ghee + corn oil for 28 days and compared to a control group fed a chow diet. All of the mice were fed with a high-fat diet in the form of pellets ad libitum for 28 days. Bodyweight and food intake were measured every day. At the last day of treatment, animals were sacrificed and the Liver were taken for histological analysis. Results This study showed that NAFLD model development was achieved in all group mice fed a high-fat diet with different degrees of NAFLD. Beef tallow 60% had the worst liver histology. Conclusions Thus, based on this study, we found that high-fat diet variations influenced the development of NAFLD models in mice, particularly concerning liver histology.

Morphology and Particle Size of Di(ethylene glycol) Mediated Metallic Copper Nanoparticles

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3516-3525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alojz Anžlovar ◽  
Zorica Crnjak Orel ◽  
Majda Žigon
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
Starting Compound ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Size And Morphology

Cu nanoparticles were prepared in di(ethylene glycol) by a reduction reaction of Cu (II) acetate precursor to metallic Cu. The size and morphology of the synthesized particles were studied in dependence of the concentration of the starting compound and the temperature conditions of reaction were varied to determine the correlation with the size and morphology of the synthesized particles. The morphology and size of the resulting copper (I) oxide as an intermediate product and metallic Cu particles as a final product are strongly dependent on the concentration of the starting compound, thus indicating differences in the mechanism of the reduction reaction and, consequently, the mechanism of particle formation. At low concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 mol/L), an organo-metallic copper complex intermediate forms crystalline 10–100 nm thick and up to 10 μm long nanowires organized in dendritic spheres with a diameter of 5–50 μm, which further transform into Cu2O. Cu-di(ethylene glycolate) complex has an as yet undescribed crystalline structure. At a high precursor concentration (1 mol/L), the intermediate forms partly amorphous and partly crystalline Cu2O. The reduction of Cu2O to metallic Cu takes place between 190–200 °C. The smallest average particle size (100 nm) and the narrowest particle size distribution was obtained at a Cu (II) acetate concentration of 0.1 mol/L.

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS PECULIARITIES IN MEN UNDER 50 YEARS OLD WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, COMPLICATED CARDIOGENIC SHOCK

2021 ◽  
pp. 234-240
Author(s):  
Gordienko A.V. ◽  
Balabanov A.S. ◽  
Biyaliev E.K.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Low Density

Relevance. Mortality in cardiogenic shock remains high. Aim. To evaluate the structure of cardiovascular risk factors features in men under 50 years old with myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock, in order to improve the prevention of this complication. Material and methods. The study included men 19-50 years old with type I myocardial infarction. The patients were divided into two age-comparable groups: I - the study group, with cardiogenic shock - seven patients; II - control, without it - 202 patients. A comparative analysis of the of cardiovascular risk factors structure in the selected groups and a risk analysis (ANOVA) of the development of cardiogenic shock were performed. Results. In the study group, the predominance of renal dysfunction (100 and 10.3%, respectively; p=0.004), alcohol abuse (71.4 and 35.2%; p=0.049), the presence of atrial fibrillation (57.1 and 5,0%; p˂0.0001), urolithiasis 28.6 and 6.4%; p=0.001), cholelithiasis 14.3 and 5.5%; p=0.001 and gout 14.3 and 0.5%; p=0.001) in history. In the control group, a history of unstable angina pectoris was more often recorded (0 and 38.1%; p=0.04). When assessing the risks, in addition to those listed, smoking 20 cigarettes per day, a decrease in lipid metabolism indicators (very low density lipoproteins 0.36 mmol/l, low density 2.7 mmol/l, cholesterol˂3,8 mmol/l, triglycerides 1.2 mmol/l, cholesterol/high density lipoproteins˂4.63), creatinine≥140 μmol/l in combination with overweight (≥96.0 kg and Quetelet index ≥31,0 kg/m2) and age (≥48 years). Conclusions. The listed factors can be used in the formation of high-risk groups for observation and timely implementation of the necessary treatment as well as for prognostic modeling of cardiogenic shock.

Preparation of Double-Layer Nanoparticles for Inhibitory Efficiency in Vascular Restenosis via Balloon Infusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1335-1343
Author(s):  
Ya Yang ◽  
Yongxin Fu ◽  
Qianmei Tang ◽  
Qiulin Luo ◽  
Minfeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Cell Proliferation Inhibition ◽  
Vascular Restenosis

ABSTRACTThe effect of double-layer nanoparticles (DNPs) on vascular restenosis was investigated in this study, which were prepared by combining vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and paclitaxel (PTX). Different blank NPs (Blank), VEGF NPs, PTX-NPs single-layer NPs (PTX-NPs), and DNPs were prepared with VEGF, PTX, polylactic-polyglycolic acid (PLGA), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), so as to analyze the cytotoxicity of NPs. Besides, different NPs were compared in terms of the characterization, encapsulation efficiency (EE), in vitro release (IVR), and cell proliferation inhibition ability. 30 adult New Zealand white rabbits were selected to construct a balloon injury model (BIM). Then, they were divided into 5 groups according to different treatment NPs, including a model group (BIM), a Blank group (BIM + Blank NPs); a PTX-NP group (BIM + PTX-NPs), a VEGF-NPs group (BIM + VEGF-NPs), and DNPs group (BIM + DNPs), with 6 rabbits in each group. There was a comparison on the histology, arterial stenosis, hyperplasia index (HI), and intimal thickness (IT) of arterial vessels from different groups, and immunohistochemistry was employed to analyze the changes of VEGF and C-reactive protein (CRP) protein expression levels in arterial tissues of different groups. The results showed that the cell survival rate (SR) was 88.69 ±3.17% and 90.64 ± 1.86% in turn when PLGA and PVA were both 100 ¿tg/mL. The polydispersity index (PDI), minimal Zeta potential (ZP), and average particle size (APS) of DNPs were 0.16 ±0.02, -8.45 ±0.07, and 242.26 ±2.58 nm, respectively. The drug loading (DL) of PTX and plasmid VEGF 165 in DNPs were 29.33% and 4.93%, respectively. The release of PTX from DNPs on the 30th day was close to 50%, and the cumulative release of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was close to 75%. There was no obvious difference in the cell SR within 7 days after DNPs were added into Chinese Hamster ovary (CHO) cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) compared with the control group (P > 0.05). The arterial stenosis, HI, and IT of the DNPs group were greatly lower than those of the model group (P < 0.05). The expression of VEGF protein in arterial tissues of DNPs group was higher in contrast to the model group (P < 0.01), while the expression of CRP protein was lower than that of the model group (P < 0.05). It showed that the DNPs combined with VEGF and paclitaxel administered by balloon infusion could obviously inhibit the vascular restenosis by increasing the expression of VEGF and reducing the expression of CRP, which provided a reference for the clinical prevention and treatment of postoperative vascular restenosis.

The therapeutic effect of some drugs and vegetable juices on the lipid profiles in male rabbits induced atherosclerosis.

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (o3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawsan Taha Ahmed al-Haddad ◽  
Zaid Mohammed Mubarak Almahdawi ◽  
Munife S. Ahmed Al-janabi
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Group 5

This study was designed to test the therapeutic efficacy of some hypotensive drugs and vegetable drinks on some biochemical indicators in male rabbits, where atherosclerosis was developed using 1% cholesterol with food. This study was conducted in June until the end of July 2017 in the Pharmacology Department/ General Company for Pharmaceutical Industry in Samarra. In the study, 50 local rabbits were randomly distributed by 10 groups each containing 5 animals. The first group considered as the control group. The second group is the control group treated with 1% cholesterol with the food, the third group treated with cholesterol (1% and captopril 0.71 mg), group 4 (cholesterol 1% with atenolol 0.71 mg / kg), group 5 (cholesterol 1%, amlodipine 0.07 mg / kg) , group 6 treated with cholesterol 1% and aldomet (0.57 mg / kg), group 7 (cholesterol 1% and furosemide at 3.5 mg / kg), group 8 (cholesterol 1% with garlic syrup 2 ml), group 9 treatment cholesterol 1% and lemon juice), and group 10 Treatment with (1% cholesterol and green tea syrup 2 ml). The results of the study showed a significant increase (P≤0.01)) at the level of each of cholesterol triple and triglycerides, proteins and low density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, also led to obtain a significant decrease in the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the treatment group with cholesterol 1% compared to control group. At the time of the treatment of anti- pressure drugs: Captopril, Atenolol, Amlodipine ,Aldomet, and Furosmide , there were no significant differences in the cholesterol level of all pharmacological groups. Moral differences were not found in LDL-C and there was a significant decrease (P≤0.01) of the level of triglycerides, proteins and very low density lipoproteins, and there was a significant increase in the level of high-density lipoproteins HDL-C, while treatment with plant juices, there was a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in the level of total cholesterol and triglycerides and LDL, and VLDL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) increased when treated with garlic, lemon and green tea. We conclude pressure drugs of any kind can cure atherosclerosis or prevent high fat, unlike its counterparts OF plants, which have shown a significant effect on controlling lipid profile and reducing their effects and future risks on the heart.

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