An evaluation of ways of using equilibrium dialysis to quantify the binding of ligand to macromolecule

I A Nimmo; G L Atkins; R C Strange; I W Percy-Robb

doi:10.1042/bj1650107

An evaluation of ways of using equilibrium dialysis to quantify the binding of ligand to macromolecule

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1650107 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 165 (1) ◽

pp. 107-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

I A Nimmo ◽

G L Atkins ◽

R C Strange ◽

I W Percy-Robb

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Systematic Error ◽

Random Error ◽

Reliable Method ◽

Equilibrium Dialysis ◽

Simulated Data ◽

Experimental Designs ◽

Ligand Complex ◽

Binding Isotherm ◽

Error Loss

1. The effect of systematic error (loss of ligand, complex or macromolecule) on three of the experimental designs by which equilibrium dialysis may be used to quantify the interaction of ligand and macromolecule is examined theoretically, and the design that is least sensitive to systematic error is identified. 2. Thirteen methods for fitting the binding isotherm to experimental data are compared by using them to analyse simulated data containing random error, and the most reliable method is identified.

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Comparison of space analysis performed on plaster vs. digital dental casts applying Tanaka and Johnston's equation

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512013000100024 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 128-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Júlia Olien Sanches ◽

Lourdes Aparecida Martins dos Santos-Pinto ◽

Ary dos Santos-Pinto ◽

Betina Grehs ◽

Fabiano Jeremias

Keyword(s):

Systematic Error ◽

Random Error ◽

Regression Equation ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Error Bias ◽

Digital Caliper ◽

Plaster Casts ◽

Paired T Test ◽

Lower Incisors ◽

Dental Casts

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare dental size measurements, their reproducibility and the application of Tanaka and Johnston regression equation in predicting the size of canines and premolars on plaster and digital dental casts. METHODS: Thirty plaster casts were scanned and digitized. Mesiodistal measurements of the teeth were then performed with a digital caliper on the plaster and digital casts using O3d software system (Widialabs©).The sum of the sizes of the lower incisors was used to obtain predictive values of the sizes of the premolars and canines using the regression equation, and these values were compared with the actual sizes of the teeth. The data were statistically analyzed by applying to the results Pearson's correlation test, Dahlberg's formula, paired t-test and analysis of variance (p<0.05). RESULTS: Excellent intraexaminer agreement was observed in the measurements performed on both dental casts. No random error was present in the measurements obtained with the caliper and systematic error (bias) was more frequent in the digital casts. Space prediction obtained by applying the regression equation was greater than the sum of the canines and premolars on the plaster and digital casts. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an adequate reproducibility of the measurements performed on both casts, most measurements on the digital casts were higher than those on the plaster casts. The predicted space was overestimated in both models and significantly higher in the digital casts.

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Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima Decay Lines

Emerging Design Solutions in Structural Health Monitoring Systems - Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-8490-4.ch003 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 48-68

Author(s):

Andreas Kyprianou ◽

Andreas Tjirkallis

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Wavelet Transform ◽

Damage Detection ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Simulated Data ◽

Random Excitation ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Structural Behaviour ◽

Operational Conditions ◽

Three Degree Of Freedom

An important task in structural health monitoring (SHM) is that of damage detection under varying environmental and operational conditions. Structures, under varying environmental conditions, change their mass, elasticity and damping properties whereas changing operational conditions cause changes to excitations. A damage detection methodology implemented in these circumstances faces serious challenges since changes to structural behaviour imparted by environmental or operational conditions could be wrongly attributed to damage. The part of a damage detection decision algorithm that removes environmental and operational effects is called normalization. In this chapter a normalization methodology that is based on the similarity between continuous wavelet transform maxima decay lines is presented. This methodology is implemented on both simulated and experimental data. Simulated data were obtained from a three degree of freedom system. Varying environmental conditions were simulated by temperature dependent stiffness parameters and operating conditions by changing the colour of random excitation. Experimental data were obtained from damaged cantilever beams that were subjected to random excitations of different colour and varying temperatures.

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Haplotype assembly of autotetraploid potato using integer linear programing

Bioinformatics ◽

10.1093/bioinformatics/btz060 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (18) ◽

pp. 3279-3286 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Enrico Siragusa ◽

Niina Haiminen ◽

Richard Finkers ◽

Richard Visser ◽

Laxmi Parida

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Simulated Data ◽

Supplementary Information ◽

Linear Programs ◽

Plant Genomics ◽

Optimal Method ◽

Haplotype Assembly ◽

Open Issue ◽

Removal Model

Abstract Summary Haplotype assembly of polyploids is an open issue in plant genomics. Recent experimental studies on highly heterozygous autotetraploid potato have shown that available methods do not deliver satisfying results in practice. We propose an optimal method to assemble haplotypes of highly heterozygous polyploids from Illumina short-sequencing reads. Our method is based on a generalization of the existing minimum fragment removal model to the polyploid case and on new integer linear programs to reconstruct optimal haplotypes. We validate our methods experimentally by means of a combined evaluation on simulated and experimental data based on 83 previously sequenced autotetraploid potato cultivars. Results on simulated data show that our methods produce highly accurate haplotype assemblies, while results on experimental data confirm a sensible improvement over the state of the art. Availability and implementation Executables for Linux at http://github.com/Computational Genomics/HaplotypeAssembler. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Collaborative Study of Modified Elmore Method for Mercury in Formulations

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/54.3.685 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 685-687

Author(s):

James E Launer

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Systematic Error ◽

Random Error ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

Test Pair ◽

Titrimetric Method ◽

Mercuric Nitrate ◽

Thiocyanate Solution ◽

Diluted Solution ◽

Bearing Materials

Abstract The titrimetric method for mercury described by Elmore in 1946 was modified and collaboratively studied with formulations containing 6.7% phenylmercury urea in one test pair and 1% mercuric nitrate in another test pair. Mercury is determined in diluted solution, following reflux at 30 drops/min with fuming H2SO4-red fuming HNO3, by titration with standard thiocyanate solution, using ferric alum as indicator. The method is not applicable in presence of large quantities of chlorine-bearing materials. Single determinations on 4 samples by 14 collaborators showed that the standard deviation estimation of random error was 0.058 for phenylmercury urea and 0.004 for mercuric nitrate. Standard deviation estimates of systematic error were 0.048 and 0.009, respectively. The method has been adopted as official first action.

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A scientific algorithm to simultaneously retrieve carbon monoxide and methane from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ◽

10.5194/amt-12-6771-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 6771-6802 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Oliver Schneising ◽

Michael Buchwitz ◽

Maximilian Reuter ◽

Heinrich Bovensmann ◽

John P. Burrows ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Air Quality ◽

Systematic Error ◽

Random Error ◽

Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Retrieval Algorithm ◽

Validation Data ◽

Data Set ◽

Airborne Measurements ◽

Global Coverage

Abstract. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important atmospheric constituent affecting air quality, and methane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas contributing to human-induced climate change. Detailed and continuous observations of these gases are necessary to better assess their impact on climate and atmospheric pollution. While surface and airborne measurements are able to accurately determine atmospheric abundances on local scales, global coverage can only be achieved using satellite instruments. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite, which was successfully launched in October 2017, is a spaceborne nadir-viewing imaging spectrometer measuring solar radiation reflected by the Earth in a push-broom configuration. It has a wide swath on the terrestrial surface and covers wavelength bands between the ultraviolet (UV) and the shortwave infrared (SWIR), combining a high spatial resolution with daily global coverage. These characteristics enable the determination of both gases with an unprecedented level of detail on a global scale, introducing new areas of application. Abundances of the atmospheric column-averaged dry air mole fractions XCO and XCH4 are simultaneously retrieved from TROPOMI's radiance measurements in the 2.3 µm spectral range of the SWIR part of the solar spectrum using the scientific retrieval algorithm Weighting Function Modified Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (WFM-DOAS). This algorithm is intended to be used with the operational algorithms for mutual verification and to provide new geophysical insights. We introduce the algorithm in detail, including expected error characteristics based on synthetic data, a machine-learning-based quality filter, and a shallow learning calibration procedure applied in the post-processing of the XCH4 data. The quality of the results based on real TROPOMI data is assessed by validation with ground-based Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) measurements providing realistic error estimates of the satellite data: the XCO data set is characterised by a random error of 5.1 ppb (5.8 %) and a systematic error of 1.9 ppb (2.1 %); the XCH4 data set exhibits a random error of 14.0 ppb (0.8 %) and a systematic error of 4.3 ppb (0.2 %). The natural XCO and XCH4 variations are well-captured by the satellite retrievals, which is demonstrated by a high correlation with the validation data (R=0.97 for XCO and R=0.91 for XCH4 based on daily averages). We also present selected results from the mission start until the end of 2018, including a first comparison to the operational products and examples of the detection of emission sources in a single satellite overpass, such as CO emissions from the steel industry and CH4 emissions from the energy sector, which potentially allows for the advance of emission monitoring and air quality assessments to an entirely new level.

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A Prediction Model of Deflection of Fixing Thin Parts

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.1526 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 217-219 ◽

pp. 1526-1529

Author(s):

Yu Mei Liu ◽

Wen Ping Liu ◽

Zhao Liang Jiang ◽

Zhi Li

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Experimental Data ◽

Artificial Neural Network ◽

Prediction Model ◽

Simulated Data ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

Predicted Values ◽

Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽

Abaqus Software

A prediction model of deflection is presented. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is adopted, and ANN establishes the mapping relation between the clamping forces and the position of fixing and the value of deflection. The results of simulation of Abaqus software is used for Training and querying an ANN. The predicted values are in agreement with simulated data and experimental data.

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Collaborative Study of an Ultraviolet Method for Measuring Diquat Content in Formulations

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/51.6.1304 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 1304-1305

Author(s):

A A Carlstrom

Keyword(s):

Systematic Error ◽

Random Error ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

Acetate Buffer ◽

Acetate Buffer Solution ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Standard Curve ◽

Two Samples

Abstract The ultraviolet method for diquat described by Yuen, Bagness, and Myles in 1967 was collaboratively studied with formulations containing 2 lb diquat/gal. A portion of the sample is diluted with an acetate buffer solution and the absorbance is measured at 310 mμ the diquat content is obtained by reference to a standard curve prepared from known diquat concentrations. Single determinations on two samples by thirteen collaborators show an overall coefficient of variation of 2.4%. The coefficient of variation for random error is 1.0%, and for systematic error 1.6%. The method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.

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X-ray diffraction with a four-reflection monochromator

Journal of Applied Crystallography ◽

10.1107/s0021889887086096 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 522-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

S. E. G. Slusky ◽

A. T. Macrander

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Indium Phosphide ◽

Single Crystal ◽

Simulated Data ◽

Vertical Gradient ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Rocking Curve ◽

X Ray ◽

Vertical Gradient Freeze

A formula is derived for simulating rocking-curve measurements made with an X-ray diffractometer fitted with a four-reflection monochromator. The derivation is carried out both graphically and algebraically. Results of a simulation using this formula are then compared with experimentally obtained rocking curves. The rocking curves were obtained using a diffractometer with a four-reflection monochromator that uses 440 reflections from two channel-cut germanium crystals. The experimental data comprise 200, 400, 600, 511, 711, 622, 422 and 444 reflections from thick single-crystal indium phosphide grown by the vertical-gradient freeze technique. The simulated data correlate well with the experimental data, although the simulations consistently show somewhat higher reflectivities and narrower linewidths than the experiment, indicating the existence of broadening mechanisms not included in the simulation that are affecting the experiment.

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