scholarly journals Effects of lactation of ketogenesis from oleate or butyrate in rat hepatocytes

1977 ◽  
Vol 164 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Whitelaw ◽  
D H Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glycolytic Flux ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Triacylglycerol Synthesis ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Peak Lactation

1. Rates of ketogenesis from endogenous butyrate or oleate were measured in isolated hepatocytes prepared from fed rats during different reproductive states [virgin, pregnant, early-lactating (2-4 days) and peak-lactating (10-17 days)]. In the peak-lactation group there was a decrease (25%) in the rate of ketogenesis from butyrate, but there were no differences in the rates between the other groups. Wth oleate, the rate of ketogenesis was increased in the pregnant and in the early-lactation groups compared with the virgin group, whereas the rate was 50% lower in the peak-lactation group. 2. Experiments with [1-(14)C]oleate indicated that these differences in rates of ketogenesis were not due to alterations in the rate of oleate utilization, but to changes in the amount of oleoyl-CoA converted into ketone bodies. 3. Although the addition of carnitine increased the rates of ketogenesis from oleate in all groups of rats, it did not abolish the differences between the groups. 4. Measurements of the accumulation of glucose and lactate showed that hepatocytes from rats at peak lactation had a higher rate of glycolytic flux than did hepatocytes from the other groups. After starvation, the rate of ketogenesis from oleate was still lower in the peak-lactation group compared with the control group. This suggests that the alteration in ketogenic capacity in the former group is not merely due to a higher glycolytic flux. 5. It is concluded that livers from rats at peak lactation have a lower capacity to produce ketone bodies from long-chain fatty acids which is due to an alteration in the partitioning of long-chain acyl-CoA esters between the pathways of triacylglycerol synthesis and beta-oxidation. The physiological relevance of this finding is discussed.

scholarly journals Molybdate and tungstate act like vanadate on glucose metabolism in isolated hepatocytes

1992 ◽  
Vol 282 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Fillat ◽  
J E Rodríguez-Gil ◽  
J J Guinovart
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Glycolytic Flux ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

In rat hepatocytes, molybdate and tungstate inactivate glycogen synthase by a mechanism independent of Ca2+ and activate glycogen phosphorylase by a Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism. On the other hand, both molybdate and tungstate increase fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels and counteract the decrease in this metabolite induced by glucagon. These effectors do not directly modify 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activity, even though they partially counteract the inactivation of this enzyme induced by glucagon. These effects are related to an increase on the glycolytic flux, as indicated by the increase in L-lactate and CO2 production and the decrease in glucose 6-phosphate levels in the presence of glucose. All these effects are similar to those previously reported for vanadate, although molybdate and tungstate are less effective than vanadate. These results could indicate that molybdate, tungstate and vanadate act on glucose metabolism in isolated hepatocytes by a similar mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the concentration of malondialdehyde and nitrite in patients with sickle cell anemia treated or not with hydroxyurea

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcielle Bruna Dias Elias ◽  
Rivelilson Mendes de Freitas ◽  
Romélia Pinheiro Gonçalves ◽  
Hemerson Yuri Ferreira Magalhães ◽  
Jacqueline Holanda de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the serum levels of malondialdehyde and nitrite in patients with sickle cell anemia treated or not with hydroxyurea in outpatient's setting. Methods: Of the 65 patients with sickle cell anemia selected for the study, 51 were not treated with hydroxyurea (Group 1), 14 made chronic use of hydroxyurea (Group 2) and 20 individuals had no hemoglobinopathies (Control Group). Results: The Control Group had a lower and more homogeneous concentration of malondialdehyde levels as compared to the other groups. The results of Groups 1 and 2 showed increased values of malondialdehyde levels when compared to the Control Group. Considering the values of Groups 1 and 2, there were no significant changes in the malondialdehyde levels. There was no significant difference in the serum levels of nitrite between the groups. Group 2 presented a statistically significant correlation between serum malondialdehyde levels and the clinical variables investigated. In turn, Group 1 showed correlation only with occurrence of three or more vaso-occlusive crises. There was no correlation between nitrite levels and the clinical variables. Conclusion: The results revealed that during the pathogenesis of sickle cell anemia, an increase in lipid peroxidation was observed. On the other hand, no changes in oxidative parameters were detected during treatment with hydroxyurea, probably due to the short period of treatment of the patients studied.

scholarly journals Prostaglandins E2 and F2α increase fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels in isolated hepatocytes

1991 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Gómez-Foix ◽  
J E Rodríguez-Gil ◽  
J J Guinovart ◽  
F Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
Glycolytic Flux ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Prostaglandin F2 Alpha ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Prostaglandins E2 And F2α ◽  
Stimulation Of

In hepatocytes isolated from fed rats, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) increased, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate [Fru(2,6)P2] levels and stimulated the glycolytic flux. The rise in Fru(2,6)P2 was related to an increase in glucose 6-phosphate levels which resulted from the stimulation of glycogenolysis. In cells obtained from 24 h-starved rats, no effects of either PGE2 or PGF2 alpha could be observed. In addition, when the stimulation of glycogenolysis was abolished by incubation of fed-rat hepatocytes in a Ca2(+)-depleted medium, Fru(2,6)P2 levels did not increase. Furthermore, no effects of PGs on 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activity could be observed. These results indicate that PGE2 and PGF2 alpha show similar actions to Ca2(+)-dependent hormones on hepatic glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Creation of an Ideal Microenvironment by Reverse Endto-side Coaptation for the Evaluation of Tissue Neurotropism: An Experimental Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Balik O
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Nerve Graft ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Most studies agree on the demonstration of the existence of nerve tissue specificity and that if a non-nervous target (e.g. a tendon) were sutured to one of the distal limbs of a Y-shaped nerve guide, independent of the type of guide, all nerve fibers would regenerate toward the nerve tissue. Recent studies suggest that optimum nerve regeneration may arise from the tissue environment in general. We developed an experimental model in order to eliminate all the microenvironment problems that we experienced in previous studies, and to be able to evaluate the neurotropic affinity of various tissues. Group 1 (n:8): The control group. The sciatic nerve was only explored, but certainly not touched. Group 2 (n:8): Both lower ends of the peroneal nerve graft, prepared by reverse end-to-side coaptation in the shape of a horseshoe, were coapted to tibial and peroneal nerves distally by end-to-end coaptation. Group 3 (n:8): As one end of the peroneal nerve graft, prepared by reverse end-to-side coaptation in the shape of a horseshoe, was coapted to the peroneal nerve distally, the other end was sutured directly by opening the fascia of the gastrocnemius muscle. Group 4 (n:8): As one end of the peroneal nerve graft, prepared by reverse end-to-side coaptation in the shape of a horseshoe, was coapted to peroneal nerve distally, the other end was ligated As seen in the histomorphometric analysis, axons were observed to sprout towards both ends of the horseshoe-shaped nerve graft in a free fashion without being affected by the negative influences of the microenvironment.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) among hepatitis-B patients and others suspected for PT-hepatitis in Baghdad

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Ghassaq Tariq Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Shadow Zone ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hepatitis G Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
A Minor

The aim of this research is to evaluate the prevalence of HGV among three different categories, group1, composed of hepatitis –B patients (HB- patients), group 2, included people having hepatitis-like symptoms with sera negative for HBV and HCV markers, referred to as suspected for hepatitis (SUS-patients) while the third group is the control group. Serum samples were assayed for anti-HGV antibodies using ELISA technique-indirect method. Results revealed that HGV coinfection detected in only few number of HB-P 9.8%, 23.5% of HB-P having anti-HGV antibodies with titer lower than the cut-off value (COV) which are said to be in the shadow zone and the other 66.6% of the group are reported as negative cases, reporting a highly significant difference P˂0.001. Among the second group (SUS- patients), HGV was detected in only 4.8%, 58.5% detected as shadow cases while the other 36.5% were found to be negative for HGV.When both HB-P and SUS-P are gathered in one group a low percentage 7.6% of HGV infection was recorded, 39.1% of HB-/SUS-patients were in the shadow zone while the majority of this group 53.2% were detected as negative cases. In conclusion HGV play only a minor role as a confection agent with HBV and as a responsible agent among non-A-E hepatitis cases. Remarkable high percentages of shadow cases are reported in the three groups especially among non-A-E hepatitis patients.

scholarly journals Treatment of ovarian cysts in sows – a field trial

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cech ◽  
R. Dolezel
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Interval Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Different procedures of treatment of large follicular ovarian cysts in 177 sows using GnRH, hCG and PGF2α are evaluated in this study. Ovarian cysts were diagnosed by transcutaneous ultrasonography, which was a part of routine pregnancy diagnosis. No treatment was performed in the control group (Group 1, <i>n</i> = 29); the method of treatment used in the other groups immediately after the diagnosis was intramuscular administration of lecirelin in doses 50 µg (Group 2, <i>n</i> = 28), 100 µg (Group 3, <i>n</i> = 27) and 200 µg divided into 2 equal doses administered at a 12-hour interval (Group 4, <i>n<i> = 25) and of hCG in doses 1 500 IU (Group 5, <i>n</i> = 23), 3 000 IU (Group 6, <i>n</i> = 21), and 250 µg of cloprostenol (Group 7, <i>n</i> = 24). Insemination rate (IR), conception rate (CR) in inseminated sows, pregnancy rate (PR = recovery rate), treatment-insemination interval (TII) and treatment-pregnancy interval (TPI) within 42 days after the initial examination were evaluated. In addition PR in groups of sows divided according to parity (1–3, 4–6 and ≥ 7) were also evaluated. IR and PR were higher in Group 4 (84.0% and 44.0%) and lower in Group 1 (17.2% and 6.9%) in comparison with the other groups (<i>P</i> < 0.001 and <i>P</i> < 0.05). CR, TII and TPI did not differ between the experimental groups. PR were similar in sows with different parity. The study proved a positive response in sows with large follicular ovarian cysts to the treatment consisting of 2 administrations of 100 µg GnRH at a 12-hour interval.

Carrier-mediated efflux of ketone bodies in isolated rat hepatocytes

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 755-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Metcalfe ◽  
J. P. Monson ◽  
S. G. Welch ◽  
R. D. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Ketone Body ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Efflux Rate ◽  
Isolated Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Lactate And Pyruvate ◽  
Hepatocyte Suspension

1. The rate of efflux of ketone bodies has been studied in isolated hepatocytes prepared from starved rats and preloaded with d-3-[14C]hydroxybutyrate. 2. Efflux of ketone bodies was temperature-dependent, saturable and inhibited by α-cyano-3-hydroxycinnamate and phloretin. The rate of efflux was also reduced by 6 mmol/l lactate and pyruvate added to the external medium. 3. Under conditions of simulated metabolic acidosis in the hepatocyte suspension medium, ketone body efflux rate was reduced. 4. The experimental data suggest that hepatic plasma membrane ketone body transit is carrier-mediated.

scholarly journals Dissemination of bacteria labeled with technetium-99m after laparotomy and abdominal insufflation with different CO2 pressures on rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Bettini Pitombo ◽  
Clarice Abreu dos Santos Albuquerque de Faria ◽  
Luciana Camargo Bernardo ◽  
Klaus Steinbruck ◽  
Mario Bernardo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Laparoscopic Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indirect Detection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Technetium 99M ◽  
Bacterial Dissemination ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: To asses the dissemination of bacteria labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) from peritoneal cavity after different surgical procedures. METHODS: Bacteria of the Escherichia coli species labeled with 99mTc were used in a concentration of 10(8) units of colony-makers for ml (UFC/ml) and 1ml was inoculated through intra-peritoneal via. Forty-eight rats were divided into four groups: control, laparotomy, pneumoperitoneum with 10mmHg and pneumoperitoneum with 20mmHg of CO2. Procedures were performed 20 min after injection of the inoculum and lasted 30 min. Animals were sacrificed after six hours (Group 1) and 24 hours (Group 2). Samples of blood, liver and spleen were collected for radioactivity counting. RESULTS: After six hours, indirect detection of the bacteria in different organs was uniform in all groups. After 24 hours, a larger detection of technetium was observed in the livers of animals of the group insufflated with 20mmHg of CO2, when compared with those of control group (p<0.01). The other groups did not present statistically significant variations. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a higher intra-abdominal pressure was associated with a higher bacterial dissemination to the liver. The application of lower intra-abdominal pressures may be associated with a lower dissemination of the infectious status during laparoscopic approach of peritonitis status.

scholarly journals Shear bond strength of brackets to demineralize enamel after different pretreatment methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rengin Attin ◽  
Bogna Stawarczyk ◽  
Defne Keçik ◽  
Michael Knösel ◽  
Dirk Wiechmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Demineralized Enamel ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objective: To compare the influence of demineralized and variously pretreated demineralized enamel on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Materials and Methods: Sixty bovine enamel specimens were allocated to five groups (n  =  12). Specimens of group 1 were not demineralized and were not pretreated, but served as controls. The other specimens were demineralized to form artificial carious lesions. Samples from group 2 were only demineralized and were kept untreated in artificial saliva. The other samples were pretreated with highly concentrated fluoride preparations (group 3: Elmex Gelee, 1.23% F; group 4: Clinpro White Varnish, 2.23% F) or with an infiltrating resin (group 5: Icon). After respective pretreatments, brackets were adhesively fixed on all specimens with an adhesive system after etching with 35% phosphoric acid and application of a primer and bracket resin cement (Transbond XT). Bracket shear bond strength was evaluated with a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by a post-hoc Scheffé test. Results: Shear bond strength in control group 1 was statistically significantly greater compared with that in all other groups. Application of the infiltrating resin Icon (group 5) as pretreatment resulted in statistically significantly greater bond strength as compared with pretreatments with fluoride compounds (groups 3 and 4) and treatment provided without pretreatment (group 2). Groups 2, 3, and 4 did not significantly differ from each other. Conclusion: Pretreatment with the infiltrating resin is a beneficial approach to increasing the shear bond strength of brackets to demineralized enamel.

scholarly journals EFEITO DOS PROCEDIMENTOS DE ACABAMENTO E POLIMENTO NA RUGOSIDADE SUPERFICIAL DA CERÂMICA NORITAKE®

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Cezar Oliveira ◽  
Alex Correia Vieira ◽  
Adriana Castro Andrade ◽  
Indira Almeida Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Diamond Paste ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of Noritake® ceramic after different methods of finishing and polishing. 40 specimens of Noritake® ceramic were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10) and subjected to different methods of finishing and polishing: Group 1 (control) - glaze; Group 2 - abrasive rubbers Astropol (Ivoclar Vivadent), felt disc and diamond paste; Group 3 - abrasive rubbers (Edenta), felt disc and diamond paste; Group 4 - Sof-Lex discs (3M ESPE), felt disc and diamond paste. Subsequently, the surface roughness was measured with rugosimeter (Mitutoyo SJ 301). The control group (G1) had the lowest surface roughness (0.68 μm) that was different statistically to the other groups (p0.05). The different methods of finishing and polishing were not able to promote a surface as smooth as the application of glaze in the ceramics tested.

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