scholarly journals Triacylglycerol biosynthesis in rat adipose-tissue homogenates

1976 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
W W Christie ◽  
M L Hunter ◽  
R G Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue

The optimum cofactor requirements for triacylglycerol biosynthesis in rat adipose-tissue homogenates containing mitochondrial, microsomal and cytosolic fractions were investigated. In general the optimum concentrations of cofactors for triacylglycerol biosynthesis were found to differ from those for total fatty acid esterification. The results provided further evidence for the key role of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in the regulation of triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Albumin was included in the incubation medium to permit the use of concentrations of added fatty acids that would swamp the effects of endogenous fatty acids. The addition of albumin had little effect on the incorporation of palmitic acid and stearic acid into lipids including triacylglycerols. By contrast, a critical concentration of albumin (about 60 μM) was required before incorporation of oleic acid or linoleic acid into triacylglycerols occurred. The system was used to study the incorporation of different 1-14C-labelled fatty acids from a mixture of unesterified fatty acids [palmitic acid 30%; stearic acid 10%; oleic acid 40%; linoleic acid 20% (molar percentages)] separately into the positions 1,2 and 3 of triacyl-sn-glycerols. In general the stereo-specific distribution of the labelled fatty acids incorporated into triacylglycerols paralleled the normal distribution of fatty acids within rat adipose-tissue triacylglycerols, suggesting that the specificities of the relevant acyltrasferases have the major role in determining the positional distribution of fatty acids within triacylglycerols.

scholarly journals FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION OF TOCTE (JUGLANS NEOTROPICA DIELS) WALNUT FROM ECUADOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilcacundo E ◽  
Alvarez M ◽  
Silva M ◽  
Carpio C ◽  
Morales D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition

 Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acids composition in a tocte seeds oil (Juglans neotropica Diels) sample cultivated in Ecuador.Methods: Tocte oil was obtained from tocte seeds using the cold pressing method. Fatty acids analysis was carried out using the gas chromatography method with a mass selective detector (GC/MSD) and using the database Library NIST14.L to identify the compounds.Results: Methyl esters fatty acids were identified from tocte (J. neotropica Diels) walnut using the GC–MS analytical method. The total lipid content of tocte walnuts seeds of plants cultivated in Ecuador was of 49.01% of the total lipid content on fresh weight. Fatty acids were analyzed as methyl esters on a capillary column DB-WAX 122-7062 with a good separation of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. The structure of methyl esters fatty acids was determined using the GC–MS. Tocte walnut presents 5.05% of palmitic acid, 2.26% of stearic acid, 19.50% of oleic acid, 65.81% of linoleic acid, and 2.79% linolenic acid of the total content of fatty acids in tocte oil. Fatty acids content reported in this study were similar to the data reported for other walnuts seeds.Conclusions: Tocte seeds are a good source of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Tocte oil content oleic acid and with a good content of ɷ6 α-linoleic and ɷ3 α-linolenic. Tocte walnut can help reduce risk cardiovascular diseases in Ecuador for their good composition of fatty acids.

scholarly journals JENIS ASAM LEMAK MINYAK TEMPE BUSUK

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
M. H. Rachmawati ◽  
H. Soetjipto ◽  
A. Ign A. Ign. Kristijanto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Before And After

Overripe tempe is a food product that used by peoples in Indonesia as a food seasoning. So far, overripe tempe received less attention than fresh tempe and research of overripe tempe is rarely done. The objective of the study is to identify the fatty acid compounds of the  fifth day fermentation overripe tempe oil before and after purification . The overripe tempe oil of fifth day fermentation was extracted with soxhletation method using n – hexane solvent, then it was purified. The various fatty acids  of overripe tempe oil were analyzed by GC – MS. The purification process was done by using H3PO4 0,2% and NaOH 0,1N. The result of the study showed that before purification the oil  was composed of eight compounds  are palmitic acid (13,33%),  linoleic acid (77,57%), stearic acid (6,15%), and the five chemical components, Dasycarpidan – 1 - methanol, acetate ,  oleic acid, 9 - Octadecenamide ,Cholestane - 3, 7, 12, 25 - tetrol, tetraacetate, (3?, 5?, 7?, 12?) and  6, 7 – Epoxypregn – 4 – ene -9, 11, 18- triol - 3, 20 - dione, 11, 18 – diacetate have percentage of areas less than 3%. After purification the oil  was composed of palmitic acid (12,38% ), linoleic acid (80,35 %), stearic acid (5,84%), and 17 – Octadecynoic acid (1,42 %) .

scholarly journals Lipids profile of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L .) fruit and ebony (Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst ex A. DC .) tree fruit pulp

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-374
Author(s):  
MO Aremu ◽  
AA Waziri ◽  
FJ Faleye ◽  
AM Magomya ◽  
UC Okpaegbe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Two Samples

There are several underexploited plant seeds or fruits in Nigeria with little information about their chemical composition. To this end a comprehensive study on fatty acid, phospholipids and phytosterols composition of bitter melon (Momordica charaantia) fruit and ebony tree (Diospyros mespiliformis) fruit pulp were determined using standard analytical techniques. The most concentrated fatty acid (%) was linoleic acid in Momordica charantia fruit (45.47) and 44.82 in Diospyros mespiliformis fruit pulp. The increasing order of the concentrated fatty acids in Momordica charantia fruit were: linolenic acid (2.38) < stearic acid (7.52) < oleic acid (20.18) < palmitic acid (23.64) < linoleic acid (45.47) while that of Diospyros mespiliformis fruit pulp were: linolenic acid (5.73) < stearic acid (8.62) < oleic acid (18.95) < palmitic acid (20.88) < linoleic acid (44.82). Arachidonic, arachidic, palmitoleic, margaric, behenic, erucic, lignoceric, myristic, lauric, capric and caprylic acids were present in small quantities with none of them recording up to 1.0% in both of the two samples. The results also showed low concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (20.41%) in Momordica charantia fruit and 19.13% in Diospyros mespiliformis fruit pulp, and values of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) were 2.44 and 5.78% for the two samples, respectively. The respective phospholipids composition showed a highest concentration of phosphatidylcholine in Momordica charantia and Diospyros mespiliformis (100.31and 88.12 mg/100 g) while lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid were the least concentrate values of 12.62 and 14.52 mg/100 g in Momordicacharantia and Diospyros mespiliformis, respectively. The concentrations of phytosterols were of low values except in sitosterol with values of 153.28 and 119.46 mg/100 g in Momordica charantia and Diospyros mespiliformis, respectively. This study provides an informative lipid profile that will serve as a basis for further chemical investigations and nutritional evaluation of Momordica charantia fruit and Diospyros mespiliformis fruit pulp. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(4), 367-374, 2019

scholarly journals Stereospecific distribution of plamitic acid in the triacylglycerols of rat adipocytes. Effects of varying the composition of the substrate fatty acid in vitro

1980 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 637-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Christie ◽  
Margaret L. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Rat Adipocytes

The effects of inclusion of different fatty acids in the medium on the rate of esterification of palmitic acid and its stereospecific distribution among the three positions of the triacyl-sn-glycerols by preparations of rat adipocytes in vitro have been determined. Myristic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid were used as diluents and the concentration of the combined unesterified fatty acids in the medium was held constant; only the proportion of palmitic acid was varied. The amount of palmitic acid esterified was always linearly related to its relative concentration in the medium and was not significantly affected by the nature of the diluent fatty acid chosen. Constant relative proportions were recovered in triacylglycerols and in intermediates in each instance. The amount of palmitic acid esterified to each of the positions of the triacyl-sn-glycerols was linearly dependent on the relative proportion in the medium but the nature of the relationship was markedly influenced by which fatty acid was present. When stearic acid was present, simple relationships were found over the whole range tested. When either myristic acid, oleic acid or linoleic acid was present, abrupt changes in the manner of esterification of palmitic acid were observed in position sn-1 when the relative concentrations of palmitic acid and the diluent reached critical values, which differed with each fatty acid. In position sn-2 when oleic acid or linoleic acid was present, a similar change was observed, and in position sn-3 it was obtained with myristic acid as diluent. The results are discussed in terms of changes in the relative affinities of the acyltransferases for palmitic acid. Palmitic acid was esterified into various molecular species in proportions that indicated acylation with non-correlative specificity at higher relative concentrations but not at lower.

scholarly journals Bazı Lactarius Türlerinin Yağ Asidi Bileşenlerinin ve Makrobesinsel Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Deniz Altuntaş ◽  
Hakan Allı ◽  
Erhan Kaplaner ◽  
Mehmet Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Lactarius Deliciosus

Human being have been consumed mushrooms due to their aroma and flavour. The macro-nutritional properties such as ash, protein fat, carbohydrate and energy and fatty acid ingredients of Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray, Lactarius deterrimus Gröger, Lactarius salmonicolor R. Heim & Leclair and Lactarius semisanguifluus R. Heim & Leclair were studied. The results indicate that the moisture was between in the range of 86.8-91.1%, while the ash 5.1-9.2%, and the protein 9.4-19.0%, and the fat 0.6-1.1%, and the carbohydrate 71.8-83.9, and the energy calculated between 372.1-382.6 kcal/100 g dry weights. The major fatty acids were determines as stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid in the range of 6.68-39.41%, 26.94-47.12%, 9.78-23.85% and 9.7-14.43% respectively.

Palmitic Acid, As Verified Using Lipid Profiling By Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, Demonstrates Anti-Tumor Activity Against Multiple Myeloma

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 5683-5683
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Nagata ◽  
Itsuko Ishizaki ◽  
Michihiko Waki ◽  
Yoshimi Ide ◽  
Md Amir Hossen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tof Sims

Abstract Introduction Many recent studies have examined lipid metabolic changes in multiple myeloma (MM). Changes in lipid metabolism affect the survival of MM cells. Developments in imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) have facilitated research on the lipid profiles of tumors. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is an IMS technique that uses a focused ion beam as the primary source for ionization. TOF-SIMS imaging is used to analyze the surface of specimens at sub-micrometer resolution, enabling analyses of the subcellular distribution of molecules in individual cells. TOF-SIMS analysis has enabled the detection of multiple fatty acid groups from single cells. Therefore, we applied this method to human clinical specimens to analyze the membrane fatty acid composition and determine candidate molecules for MM therapies. Using the different lipid profiles for MM cells and normal plasma cells (PCs), we conducted a cytocidal assay with MM cell lines supplemented with the fatty acids screened out by the profiles to assess lipotoxicity against MM. The molecules demonstrating distinct differences among cell types (i.e., MM and PC) were considered candidates for which supplementation leads to imbalanced lipid metabolism and cell death in a tumor-specific manner. We further evaluated the induction of apoptosis. Methods Primary patient MM cells and normal PCs were isolated from the bone marrow aspirates of two patients and two healthy volunteers using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. These separated cells were analyzed with PHI TRIFT V (ULVAC-PHI, Inc.). Analyses were performed in negative ion mode, and signals in the mass range of m/z 0 to 1850 were monitored. We performed pairwise comparisons of mean signal intensities for five types of fatty acids between MM cells and PCs. MM cell lines (U266 and RPMI-8226) were treated with 0–1000 µM of palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid. The number of viable cells in suspension at 72 hours after treatment was determined by the trypan blue exclusion test. HS-5, a human bone marrow stromal cell line, was used in the co-culture experiment. Healthy volunteers’ normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were purified by Ficoll-Hypaque density-gradient centrifugation. The distribution of apoptotic and necrotic cells were analyzed by measuring AnnexinV binding and propidium iodide uptake. Results The amounts of MM cells and PCs relative to the total nucleated cells were 3.38%, 35.9% for MM cells, 0.0368% and 0.246% for PCs. Multiple ions, including phosphoric acid, and five species of fatty acids (palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid) were detected. The mean signal intensities of palmitoleic acid and palmitic acid of MM cells were significantly lower than those of normal PCs (P = .00081 and .0018, respectively). These results were replicated in a second pairwise comparison. We did not observe statistically significant differences in intensities for linoleic acid, oleic acid, or stearic acid. In the cytocidal assay, palmitic acid reduced U266 cell viability dose-dependently for doses of 50–1000 μM. High concentrations of the other fatty acids also reduced cell viability; however, the effect on cell death was not observed at the low dose of 50–100 µM, as it was for palmitic acid. Even in co-culture experiments, palmitic acid decreased the viability of MM cells. Moreover, the proportions of both apoptotic and necrotic cells increased and the proportion of viable cells decreased 24 hours after palmitic acid treatment in MM cells. Palmitic acid also reduced the viability of RPMI-8226 cell lines. Meanwhile, cell viabilities of normal PBMCs were not affected by palmitic acid, even at 100–500 µM. Conclusion We applied the single-cell TOF-SIMS lipid analysis effectively to a very small population of cells. Significantly smaller intensities of palmitoleic acid and palmitic acid were observed in MM cells compared to normal cells. We also demonstrated an inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on the survival of MM cells. Palmitic acid is a potential candidate for novel therapeutic agents that specifically attack MM and should be considered in future studies of MM in a lipid biology framework. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals The Effect of Biofertilization in Fatty Acids Content for Many Flax Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012042
Author(s):  
Ali S. Hassoon ◽  
Jassim Jawad Jader Alnuaimi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Two Factors

Abstract Field experiment was carried out in the fields in Al-Mahaweel district of Babil Governorate during the agricultural season 2020-2021 to estimate the effect of biological fertilization on the content of some fatty acids in flax varieties seeds. A factorial experiment was applied according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications. The experiment included two factors, the first included eight varieties of flax (Indian, Giza11, Giza10, Sahka5, Sahka6, Giza8, Syrian Thorshansity72), The second factor, biological fertilization included four treatments: (control, bacterial fertilization, fungal fertilization and a bacterial-fungal mixture). The fatty acids (a-Linolenic acid, Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Palmitic acid, Stearic acid) in seeds were determined using HPLC High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The results showed that Sahka6 Variety was significantly superior on other varieties in seed content of (Oleic acid and Linoleic acid) amounted to (29.70, 28.39) %, respectively, while Indian Variety superiority in seed content of Palmitic acid and Stearic acid amounted to (21.28, 25.27)% respectively. Bacterial fertilizer + Mycorrhiza were significantly superior to the other fertilizer treatments in all indicators of study, and the interaction between a variety and biofertilization did not show any significant differences except for the seed content of (a-Linolenic acid Palmitic acid).

scholarly journals Fatty acid chemistry of Atrichum undulatum and Hypnum andoi

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Pejin ◽  
Ljubodrag Vujisic ◽  
Marko Sabovljevic ◽  
Vele Tesevic ◽  
Vlatka Vajs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Behenic Acid ◽  
Moss Species

The fatty acid composition of the moss species Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. (Polytrichaceae) and Hypnum andoi A.J.E. Sm. (Hypnaceae) collected in winter time were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a contribution to their chemistry. Eight fatty acids were identified in the chloroform/methanol extract 1:1 of A. undulatum (linoleic acid 26.80%, palmitic acid 22.17%, ?-linolenic acid 20.50%, oleic acid 18.49%, arachidonic acid 6.21%, stearic acid 3.34%, cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid 1.52% and behenic acid 1.01%), while six fatty acids were found in the same type of extract of H. andoi (palmitic acid 63.48%, erucic acid 12.38%, stearic acid 8.08%, behenic acid 6.26%, lignoceric acid 5.16% and arachidic acid 4.64%). According to this study, the moss A. undulatum can be considered as a good source of both essential fatty acids for humans (linoleic acid and ?-linolenic acid) during the winter.

scholarly journals Effect of fatty acid chain length and saturation on the gastrointestinal handling and metabolic disposal of dietary fatty acids in women

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda E. Jones ◽  
Michael Stolinski ◽  
Ruth D. Smith ◽  
Jane L. Murphy ◽  
Stephen A. Wootton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Chain ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation

The gastrointestinal handling and metabolic disposal of [1-13C]palmitic acid, [1-13C]stearic acid and [1-13C]oleic acid administered within a lipid–casein–glucose–sucrose emulsion were examined in normal healthy women by determining both the amount and nature of the13C label in stool and label excreted on breath as13CO2. The greatest excretion of13C label in stool was in the stearic acid trial (9.2 % of administered dose) whilst comparatively little label was observed in stool in either the palmitic acid (1.2 % of administered dose) or oleic acid (1.9 % of administered dose) trials. In both the palmitic acid and oleic acid trials, all of the label in stool was identified as being present in the form in which it was administered (i.e. [13C]palmitic acid in the palmitic acid trial and [13C]oleic acid in the oleic acid trial). In contrast, only 87 % of the label in the stool in the stearic acid trial was identified as [13C]stearic acid, the remainder was identified as [13C]palmitic acid which may reflect chain shortening of [1-13C]stearic acid within the gastrointestinal tract. Small, but statistically significant, differences were observed in the time course of recovery of13C label on breath over the initial 9 h of the study period (oleic acid = palmitic acid > stearic acid). However, when calculated over the 24 h study period, the recovery of the label as13CO2was similar in all three trials (approximately 25 % of absorbed dose). These results support the view that chain length and degree of unsaturation may influence the gastrointestinal handling and immediate metabolic disposal of these fatty acids even when presented within an emulsion.

Effect of Resin Components on the Reversion Process of Sulfur-Vulcanized Guayule Rubber

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 800-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Sloan ◽  
Michael J. Maghochetti ◽  
Walter X. Zukas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Abstract An effort to characterize the reversion process of guayule rubber when naturally-occurring guayule resin components are present has shown that these components act as a reversion-retarding material. The amount of reversion resistance varies as a function of temperature, concentration, and type of fatty acid. Of the three fatty acids used, linoleic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid, linoleic acid performed the best for reversion resistance, followed by stearic acid, then oleic acid. When the temperature was increased 10°C, an increase of 15% reversion was observed. This held true for the three temperatures studied. In addition, the amount of reversion improvement upon addition was 20% reversion. In the case of curing at 150°C, this resulted in 0% reversion. The 20% resistance improvment was consistent for the 3 temperatures studied.

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