scholarly journals Serum glycoprotein synthesis after partial hepatectomy in the rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Serafini-Cessi
Keyword(s):  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Glycoprotein Synthesis ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Serum Glycoprotein

The incorporation in vivo of D-[1-14C]glucosamine into serum glycoproteins and proteins of liver microsomal fractions shows a decrease in the early stages (24h) after partial hepatectomy compared with sham-operated animals; 72h after partial hepatectomy the specific radioactivity of hexosamines bound to liver microsomal fractions reaches the same value as for sham-operated animals.

scholarly journals Glucosamine metabolism in regenerating rat liver

1976 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Akamatsu ◽  
H Nakajima ◽  
S Miyata
Keyword(s):  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Regenerating Liver ◽  
Glycoprotein Synthesis

1. Glycoprotein synthesis was investigated with [1-14C]glucosamine in vivo. [14C]Glucosamine was administered intravenously 24h after hepatectomy to rats. 2. Incorporation into the acid-soluble fraction was maximum at 15 min after injection both in sham-operated and hepatectomized rats. 3. Enhancement of incorporation into UDP-N-acetylhexosamine in regenerating liver was observed. However, its specific activity was lower, because of a greater enhancement of synthesis de novo of the amino sugar. 4. In the liver acid-insoluble fraction, maximum incorporation of [14C]glucosamine was at 30 min in sham-operated rats and 2 h in hepatectomized rats respectively. 5. In sham-operated rats, incorporation into the plasma acid-insoluble fraction followed that of the liver acid-insoluble fraction, but hepatectomy resulted in a rapid enchancement of incorporation into plasma. 6. It is concluded that synthesis of liver glycoproteins is stimulated after partial hepatectomy and that glycoproteins synthesized are released rapidly into the plasma.

Radiolabeling of Fibrinogen Using the Iodogen Technique

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (03) ◽  
pp. 593-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda C Knight ◽  
Andrei Z Budzynski ◽  
Stephanie A Olexa
Keyword(s):  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Iodine Monochloride ◽  
Human Fibrinogen

SummaryThe properties of human fibrinogen labeled with 125-Iodine using Iodogen (1, 3, 4, 6-tetrachloro-3α, 6α-diphenylglycoluril) as an oxidizing agent were compared with those of an iodine monochloride labeled counterpart. It was found that thrombin clottability, binding to staphylococci, the relative specific radioactivity of the Aα, Bβ, and γ chains and in vivo clearance from plasma in rabbits were the same in these two labeled fibrinogen preparations. Labeling efficiency was higher when iodogen was used. It is concluded that human fibrinogen labeled with radioiodine using the Iodogen technique is suitable for studies in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals In Vivo Production of RNA Aptamers and Nanoparticles: Problems and Prospects

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1422
Author(s):  
Ousama Al Shanaa ◽  
Andrey Rumyantsev ◽  
Elena Sambuk ◽  
Marina Padkina
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Potential Model ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Rna Aptamers ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Near Future

RNA aptamers are becoming increasingly attractive due to their superior properties. This review discusses the early stages of aptamer research, the main developments in this area, and the latest technologies being developed. The review also highlights the advantages of RNA aptamers in comparison to antibodies, considering the great potential of RNA aptamers and their applications in the near future. In addition, it is shown how RNA aptamers can form endless 3-D structures, giving rise to various structural and functional possibilities. Special attention is paid to the Mango, Spinach and Broccoli fluorescent RNA aptamers, and the advantages of split RNA aptamers are discussed. The review focuses on the importance of creating a platform for the synthesis of RNA nanoparticles in vivo and examines yeast, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a potential model organism for the production of RNA nanoparticles on a large scale.

scholarly journals Correction to: In vivo imaging of early stages of rheumatoid arthritis by α5β1-integrin-targeted positron emission tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Notni ◽  
Florian T. Gassert ◽  
Katja Steiger ◽  
Peter Sommer ◽  
Wilko Weichert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Α5β1 Integrin

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors have reported an error in the ‘Histopathology’ (under ‘Materials and methods’) section of the article that compromises the reproducibility of the paper.

Turnover of total proteins and ornithine aminotransferase during liver regeneration in rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. E46-E52
Author(s):  
S. L. Augustine ◽  
R. W. Swick
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Ornithine Aminotransferase ◽  
Fractional Rate

The recovery of approximately 40% of the total liver protein during the first day after partial hepatectomy was shown to be due to the near cessation of protein breakdown rather than to an increase in protein synthesis. The decrease in degradation of total protein was less if rats were adrenalectomized or protein-depleted prior to partial hepatectomy. The effect of these treatments originally suggested that changes in free amino acid levels in liver might be related to the rate of protein degradation. However, no correlation was found between levels of total free amino acids and rates of breakdown. Measurements of individual amino acids during liver regeneration suggested that levels of free methionine and phenylalanine, amino acids that have been found to lower rates of protein degradation in vitro, are not correlated with rates of breakdown in vivo. The difference between the fractional rate of ornithine aminotransferase degradation (0.68/day and 0.28/day in sham-hepatectomized and partially hepatectomized rats, respectively) was sufficient to account for the higher level of this protein 3 days after surgery in the latter group.

scholarly journals Differential Activation of CD8+Tumor-Specific Tc1 and Tc2 Cells by an IL-10-Producing Murine Plasmacytoma

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Specht ◽  
Hans-Gerd Pauels ◽  
Christian Becker ◽  
Eckehart Kölsch
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Specific Tolerance

The involvement of counteractiveCD8+T-cell subsets during tumor-specific immune responses was analyzed in a syngeneic murine plasmacytoma model.CD8+Tc cells against the immunogenic IL-10-producing BALB/c plasmacytoma ADJ-PC-5 can be easily induced by immunization of BALB/c mice with X-irradiated ADJ-PC-5 tumor cellsin vivoandin vitro. However, the failure of recipient mice to mount a protective Tc response against the tumor during early stages of a real or simulated tumor growth is not due to immunological ignorance, but depends on the induction of tumor-specific tolerance, involving a population of tumorinducedCD8+T cells that are able to inhibit the generation of tumor-specific Tc cells in a primary ADJ-PC-5-specific MLTC, using IFN-γas a suppressive factor. Whereas most longterm cultivated CD8+ADJ-PC-5-specific Tc lines produce type-1 cytokines on stimulation, at least two of them, which were derived from a primary MLTC, display a type-2 cytokine spectrum. Furthermore, the primaryin vitroTc response against ADJ-PC-5 cells shows characteristics of a Tc2 response. The Tc response is strictly depending on tumor-derived IL-10.CD8+Tc cells that are induced in a primary MLTC do not produce IFN-γ, and the tumor-specific Tc response is enhanced by IL-4 but suppressed by IFN-γor IL-12. In contrast, ADJ-PC- 5-specificCD8+Tc cells from immunized mice are IFN-γproducing Tc1 cells. Since the primaryin vitroTc response against the tumor is suppressed even by the smallest numbers of irradiated ADJ-PC-5-specific Tc1 cells via IFN-γthese Tc1 cells behave similar to the suppressiveCD8+T cells that are induced during early stages of ADJ-PC-5 tumorigenesis.

scholarly journals Oestradiol inhibits collagen breakdown in the involuting rat uterus

1972 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet N. Ryan ◽  
J. Frederick Woessner
Keyword(s):  
Cathepsin D ◽  
Density Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Oestradiol Treatment ◽  
Cathepsin D Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The earlier observation (Woessner, 1969) of oestradiol inhibition of collagen breakdown is confirmed and extended. Administration of 100μg of oestradiol-17β/day to parturient rats strongly inhibits the loss of collagen from the involuting uterus. Three experiments show that this effect is due to an inhibition of collagen degradation rather than to a stimulation of collagen synthesis. 2. Uterine collagen was labelled with hydroxy[14C]-proline by the administration of [14C]proline near the end of pregnancy. By 3 days post partum, control uteri lost 83% of their collagen and 90% of their hydroxy[14C]proline. Uteri from oestradiol-treated rats lost only 50% of both total and labelled hydroxyproline, with no decrease in the specific radioactivity of the hydroxyproline. 3. Incorporation of [14C]proline into uterine collagen hydroxyproline in vivo was not affected by oestradiol treatment. 4. Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was increased in post-partum control rats and decreased in oestradiol-treated rats. 5. An enzyme capable of cleaving 4-phenylazobenzyloxycarbonyl-l-prolyl-l-leucylglycyl- l-prolyl-d-arginine (a substrate for clostridial collagenase) increased in activity in the post-partum uterus and was unaffected by oestradiol treatment. 6. Uterine homogenates digested uterine collagen extensively at pH3.2. This digestion was unaffected by the oestradiol treatment. 7. Lysosomal fractions prepared by density-gradient centrifugation of uterine homogenates contained coincident peaks of cathepsin D activity and peptide-bound hydroxyproline. The cathepsin D and hydroxyproline contents of this peak were unaffected by oestradiol treatment.

In Vivo Whole Animal Body Imaging Reveals Colonization of Chlamydia muridarum to the Lower Genital Tract at Early Stages of Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishein Gupta ◽  
Shradha Wali ◽  
Jieh-Juen Yu ◽  
James P. Chambers ◽  
Guangming Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Body Imaging ◽  
Chlamydia Muridarum ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Lower Genital Tract

DEOXYCYTIDYLATE DEAMINASE LEVELS IN REGENERATING RAT LIVER

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Myers ◽  
C. Anne Hemphill ◽  
Constance M. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Regenerating Liver ◽  
Regenerating Rat Liver ◽  
High Level ◽  
Early Regeneration

Deoxycytidylate deaminase activity and net synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in vivo were found to increase at approximately the same time during the early stages of liver regeneration. However, deaminase activity in the regenerating liver remained at a high level for 1 day after DNA synthesis had slowed down again during the later stages of regeneration. The increase in deaminase activity was restricted as a result of exposure to 600 r X radiation during early regeneration, but this effect only became evident 11–16 hours after the irradiation. Irradiation on the second day after partial hepatectomy, when deaminase levels in control regenerating livers were relatively constant, failed to affect the deaminase activity immediately but did produce a 40–50% decrease in activity 11–16 hours later. Other antimitotic agents, e.g., colchicine, had little effect on deaminase activity.

Determination of gluconeogenesis in vivo with 14C-labeled substrates

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (4) ◽  
pp. R391-R399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Pyruvate Metabolism ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Glucose Carbon ◽  
Labeling Pattern

A mitochondrial model of gluconeogenesis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, where pyruvate is metabolized via pyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase is examined. The effect of the rate of tricarboxylic acid flux and the rates of the three reactions of pyruvate metabolism on the labeling patterns from [14C]pyruvate and [24C]acetate are analyzed. Expressions describing the specific radioactivities and 14C distribution in glucose as a function of these rates are derived. Specific radioactivities and isotopic patterns depend markedly on the ratio of the rates of pyruvate carboxylation and decarboxylation to the rate of citrate synthesis, but the effect of phosphoenolpyruvate hydrolysis is minor. The effects of these rates on 1) specific radioactivity of phosphoenolpyruvate, 2) labeling pattern in glucose, and 3) contribution of pyruvate, acetyl-coenzyme A, and CO2 to glucose carbon are illustrated. To determine the contribution of lactate or alanine to gluconeogenesis, experiments with two compounds labeled in different carbons are required. Methods in current use to correct for the dilution of 14C in gluconeogenesis from [14C]pyruvate are shown to be erroneous. The experimental design and techniques to determine gluconeogenesis from 14C-labeled precursors are presented and illustrated with numerical examples.

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