scholarly journals The separation of bovine brain β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidases. Abnormal gel-filtration behaviour of β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase C

1975 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Overdijk ◽  
W M J van der Kroef ◽  
W A Veltkamp ◽  
G J M Hooghwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Void Volume ◽  
Electrophoretic Separation ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Fourth Form

Bovine brain tissue was extracted and the 50 000g supernatant was separated by electrophoresis, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and Bio-Gel P-200. The electrophoretic separation showed that the β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidases (hexosaminidases) of bovine brain tissue were composed of four different fractions. Two fractions (A and B) exerted both glucosaminidase and galactosaminidase activity, a third fraction (C) showed only glucosaminidase activity, whereas a fourth form (D) with specificity towards the galactosaminide moiety was found to be present. DEAE-Sephadex chromatography at pH 7.0 showed that the B form was eluted with the void volume, whereas the A and D forms could be eluted in one peak by raising that salt concentration. The C form could not be detected in the eluate. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 showed that the B, A and D forms had almost equal molecular weights. In this case also the C form could not be detected in the column eluates. Gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-200 revealed that the C form was eluted with the void volume.

scholarly journals Praline metabolism by germinating Lilium longiflorum pollen. I. Labelling of cytoplasmic, wall and culture medium molecules

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. V. Dashek ◽  
R. R. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Void Volume ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Common ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Salt Extract

Radioactivity occurs in trithloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble and precipitable, cytoplasm and salt-washed walls following germination of <em>Lilium longiflorum</em>, cv. 'Ace' pollen in medium containing [<sup>14</sup>C]-proline (Pro). Sephadex gel filtration on G-25 through G-100 was employed to determine whether radioactivity in cytoplasm, wall and growth medium from pollen fed [<sup>14</sup>C]-Pro or [<sup>3</sup>H]=Pro plus [<sup>14</sup>C]-arafbinose (Ara) was contained within molecules possessing molecular weights of 5,000 to 100,000 daltones or greater. G-25 elution profiles of a crude cytoplasmic fraction (15,000 X g supernatant) from [<sup>14</sup>C]-Pro labelled pollen yielded a radioctive void volume peak and a retarded peak. The void volume peak contained hydroxyproline (Hyp), and exhibited a coincidence of [<sup>3</sup>H]-Pro and [<sup>14</sup>C] -Ara labelling when pollen was double labelled with the two isotopes. This peak also contained radioactivity when pollen was germinated in 2-[<sup>3</sup>H]-myo-inositol. Germination in medium supplemented with 100 µM 2,2'-dipyridyl eliminated radioactivity from 2-[<sup>3</sup>H]-myo-inositol or [<sup>14</sup>C]-,Pro in the peak. Filtratian on G-25 of aTCA-soluble fraction of a salt-extract of walls from [<sup>14</sup>C]-Pro labelled pollen resulted in void volume and two retarded peaks. Void volume and two retarded peaks were also obtained upon G-25 filtration of a cellulase-digest of walls from [M]-Pro labeled pollen. The void volume peak contained Hyp, Lys, Gly, Ala, Ser, Glu and Asp acids, Val, Tyr, Leu or lieu and Pro. Sephadex G-90, 75, and 100 elution profiles of cellulasedigests of walls from [<sup>3</sup>H]-,Pro and [<sup>14</sup>C]-Ara labelled pollen yielded radioactive retarded and Hyp-containing void volume peaks with a coincidence of [<sup>3</sup>H] and [<sup>14</sup>C] labelling. Label in the void volume was obtained when either rhozyme P11- or pepsin-digests of walls from [<sup>14</sup>C]-Pro labelled pollen were gel filtered on G-50. Paper electrophoresis coupled with paper chromatography of acid hydrolyzates of salt-washed wall fractions demonstrated 15 of the common amino acids. Gel filtration on G-25 of growth medium in which pollen was germinated resulted in two peaks, one of which eluted in the void volume. contained Hyp and excluded during subsequent gel filtration on G-100.

scholarly journals Identification of three coated vesicle components as alpha- and beta-tubulin linked to a phosphorylated 50,000-dalton polypeptide.

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
S R Pfeffer ◽  
D G Drubin ◽  
R B Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Coated Vesicles ◽  
Tau Proteins ◽  
Coated Vesicle ◽  
Beta Tubulin ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Membrane Compartments

Coated vesicles are involved in the intracellular transport of membrane proteins between a variety of membrane compartments. The coats of bovine brain coated vesicles contain at least six polypeptides in addition to an 180,000-dalton polypeptide called clathrin. In this report we show that the 54,000- and 56,000-dalton coated vesicle polypeptides are alpha- and beta-tubulin, determined by immunoblotting and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. An affinity-purified tubulin antiserum can precipitate coated vesicles. The tubulin polypeptides are tightly associated with a 50,000-dalton coated vesicle polypeptide, which is phosphorylated. The phosphorylated 50,000-dalton polypeptide appears to be related to brain microtubule-associated tau proteins since it can be specifically immunoprecipitated by an affinity-purified antiserum directed against these proteins. In addition, gel filtration experiments indicate that at least a fraction of the 50,000-dalton polypeptide may associate with the 100,000-dalton coated vesicle polypeptide. Since brain is a tissue rich in tubulins, liver coated vesicles were analyzed for the presence of alpha- and beta-tubulin. Like brain coated vesicles, liver coated vesicles also contain an endogenous kinase activity, which phosphorylates polypeptides of the same molecular weights and isoelectric points as the brain coated vesicle 50,000-dalton, tau-like polypeptide, and alpha- and beta-tubulin. The phosphorylated 50,000-dalton polypeptide may link the membrane and contents of coated vesicles with components of the cytoskeleton.

scholarly journals Purification and characterization of fat body lipase from the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahma R. Z. Mahdy ◽  
Shaimaa A. Mo’men ◽  
Marah M. Abd El-Bar ◽  
Emad M. S. Barakat
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Molecular Weights

Abstract Background Insect lipid mobilization and transport are currently under research, especially lipases and lipophorin because of their roles in the production of energy and lipid transport at a flying activity. The present study has been conducted to purify intracellular fat body lipase for the first time, from the last larval instar of Galleria mellonella. Results Purification methods by combination of ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] precipitation and gel filtration using Sephadex G-100 demonstrated that the amount of protein and the specific activity of fat body lipase were 0.008633 ± 0.000551 mg/ml and 1.5754 ± 0.1042 μmol/min/mg protein, respectively, with a 98.9 fold purity and recovery of 50.81%. Hence, the sephadex G-100 step was more effective in the purification process. SDS-PAGE and zymogram revealed that fat body lipase showed two monomers with molecular weights of 178.8 and 62.6 kDa. Furthermore, biochemical characterization of fat body lipase was carried out through testing its activities against several factors, such as different temperatures, pH ranges, metal ions, and inhibitors ending by determination of their kinetic parameters with the use of p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB) as a substrate. The highest activities of enzyme were determined at the temperature ranges of 35–37 °C and 37–40 °C and pH ranges of 7–9 and 7–10. The partially purified enzyme showed significant stimulation by Ca2+, K+, and Na+ metal ions indicating that fat body lipase is metalloproteinase. Lipase activity was strongly inhibited by some inhibitors; phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), ethylene-diaminetetractic acid (EDTA), and ethylene glycoltetraacetic acid (EGTA) providing evidence of the presence of serine residue and activation of enzymes by metal ions. Kinetic parameters were 0.316 Umg− 1 Vmax and 301.95 mM Km. Conclusion Considering the purification of fat body lipase from larvae and the usage of some inhibitors especially ion chelating agents, it is suggested to develop a successful control of Galleria mellonella in near future by using lipase inhibitors.

Effect of extractant and molecular size on the optical and chemical properties of soil humic acids

Soil Research ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
JHA Butler ◽  
JN Ladd
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Carboxyl Content ◽  
Peptide Bonds ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

Humic acids extracted from soil with sodium pyrophosphate have greater proportions of lower molecular weight material, less acid-hydrolysable amino acid nitrogen contents, but greater carboxyl contents and extinction values (260 and 450 nm) than humic acids extracted subsequently from the same sample with alkali. Humic acids extracted with alkali from fresh soil samples have intermediate values. Extinction values at 260 nm are directly correlated with carboxyl contents for a given soil. Different crop histories have no significant effect on the measured properties of the extracted humic acids. An alkali-extracted humic acid has been fractionated by gel filtration into seven fractions of different nominal molecular weight ranges. As the molecular weights of the fractions increase, both aliphatic C-H (based on infrared absorption at 2900 cm-1) and acid-hydrolysable amino acid contents increase, whereas extinction values at 260 nm and carboxyl contents decrease. The infrared spectra of the high molecular weight fractions have peaks at 1650 and 1510 cm-1 which correlate with acid-hydrolysable amino acid contents and which correspond to amide I and II bands of peptide bonds. Alkaline hydrolysis to split peptide bonds eliminates both these peaks. The spectra also have peaks at 1720 and 1210 cm-1 which correlate with the carboxyl content.

Purification and characterization of tuberculin-active components from BCG

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2019-2027
Author(s):  
M. Laguerre ◽  
R. Turcotte
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Antigenic Activity

The tuberculin activity of protoplasmic extracts isolated from living BCG was purified successively by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and G-75, and by electrophoresis on 7.5% and on gradient (6–18%) polyacrylamide gels. The tuberculin-active fractions, as determined in BCG-sensitized guinea pigs, were used as the starting material for each of the following fractionation steps.The physicochemical properties and the antigenic activity of the biologically active fractions have shown that a single component, or only a few ones with similar properties, possessed high tuberculin activity. These active components were proteins having relatively high molecular weights (about 72 000) and could behave as antigens.

scholarly journals α-Crystallin. The isolation and characterization of distinct macromolecular fractions

1971 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Spector ◽  
Lu-Ku Li ◽  
Robert C. Augusteyn ◽  
Arthur Schneider ◽  
Thomas Freund
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Chemical Difference ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions

α-Crystallin was isolated from calf lens periphery by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration. Three distinct populations of macromolecules have been isolated with molecular weights in the ranges approx. 6×105−9×105, 0.9×106−4×106and greater than 10×106. The concentration of macromolecules at the molecular-weight limits of a population are very low. The members of the different populations do not appear to be in equilibrium with each other. Further, in those molecular-weight fractions investigated, no equilibrium between members of the same population was observed. The population of lowest molecular weight comprises 65–75% of the total material. The amino acid and subunit composition of the different-sized fractions appear very similar, if not identical. The only chemical difference observed between the fractions is the presence of significant amounts of sugar in the higher-molecular-weight fractions. Subunit molecular weights of approx. 19.5×103and 22.5×103were observed for all α-crystallin fractions.

Isolation of specific protease inhibitors from Neurospora crassa

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 699-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Yu ◽  
Maria R. Kula ◽  
Hsin Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Tryptophan Synthase ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Specific Protease

Four natural protease inhibitors have been partially purified by heat treatment, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration from Neurospora crassa. The inhibitory activity has been estimated by measuring the inhibition of proteolysis of casein as well as by the protection of Neurospora tryptophan synthase from proteolytic inactivation. The inhibitors are all oligopeptides and possess molecular weights in the range 5000 – 24 000 and appear to be very specific to Neurospora proteases. They may be classified into two types. The first are specific to Neurospora alkaline protease and the second to acidic protease. None of them exhibited any effect on other proteases including trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, pepsin, thermolysin, subtilisin and proteinase K. The possible physiological role of these inhibitors is discussed.

scholarly journals Purification and Characterization of 2,6-β-d-Fructan 6-Levanbiohydrolase fromStreptomyces exfoliatus F3-2

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuichi Saito ◽  
Kazuya Kondo ◽  
Ichiro Kojima ◽  
Atsushi Yokota ◽  
Fusao Tomita
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Monomeric Structure ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT Streptomyces exfoliatus F3-2 produced an extracellular enzyme that converted levan, a β-2,6-linked fructan, into levanbiose. The enzyme was purified 50-fold from culture supernatant to give a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The molecular weights of this enzyme were 54,000 by SDS-PAGE and 60,000 by gel filtration, suggesting the monomeric structure of the enzyme. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was determined to be 4.7. The optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme for levan degradation were pH 5.5 and 60°C, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the pH range 3.5 to 8.0 and also up to 50°C. The enzyme gave levanbiose as a major degradation product from levan in an exo-acting manner. It was also found that this enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis of such fructooligosaccharides as 1-kestose, nystose, and 1-fructosylnystose by liberating fructose. Thus, this enzyme appeared to hydrolyze not only β-2,6-linkage of levan, but also β-2,1-linkage of fructooligosaccharides. From these data, the enzyme from S. exfoliatus F3-2 was identified as a novel 2,6-β-d-fructan 6-levanbiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.64 ).

scholarly journals Anti-coagulant Activity of Isolated and Partially Characterized Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans from African Night Crawler (Eudrilus eugeniae Kinberg)

KIMIKA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Mia Clare Marie L. Bercansil ◽  
Miko Lorenzo J. Belgado
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Eudrilus Eugeniae ◽  
Gel Filtration Chromatography ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans were isolated from African night crawler (Eudrilus eugeniae Kinberg) and partially characterized proteoglycans (3.04 % of lyophilized worm) were liberated from the defatted and depurinated worm samples by dissociative method using 4M urea in acetate buffer. Glycosaminoglycans (12.47% of proteoglycan extract) were extracted using enzymatic hydrolysis of the proteoglycan extract with papain. Gel filtration chromatography using Sepharose CL-4B was used to purify and estimate the molecular weights of the proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan fractions. Three proteoglycan fractions PGF1, PGF2 and PGF3 with estimated molecular weigths 860 kDa, 181 kDa and 3 kDa, respectively were identified as monitored by the Bradford and modified carbazole assay. Two glycosaminoglycan fractions - GF1 (MW = 860 kDa) and GF2 (MW=140 kDa) were identified using the modified carbazole assay. Infrared spectroscopy of the GF1 and GF2 showed the possible identities of the fractions. GF1 may be a hyaluronic acid and GF2 is possibly chondroitin. Anti-coagulant assay for the extracts and fractions revealed that the glycosaminoglycan isolate has anti-coagulant activity but not the GF1 and GF2 fractions individually.

scholarly journals Characterization of proteins from the cytoskeleton of Giardia lamblia

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Crossley ◽  
D.V. Holberton
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Molecular Weights

Proteins from the axonemes and disc cytoskeleton of Giardia lamblia have been examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition to tubulin and the 30 X 10(3) molecular weight disc protein, at least 18 minor components copurify with the two major proteins in Triton-insoluble structures. The most prominent minor bands have the apparent molecular weights of 110 X 10(3), 95 X 10(3) and 81 X 10(3). Protein of 30 X 10(3) molecular weight accounts for about 20% of organelle protein on gels. In continuous 25 mM-Tris-glycine buffer it migrates mostly as a close-spaced doublet of polypeptides, which are here given the name giardins. Giardia tubulin and giardin have been purified by gel filtration chromatography in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Well-separated fractions were obtained that could be further characterized. Both proteins are heterogeneous when examined by isoelectric focusing. Five tubulin chains were detected by PAGE Blue 83 dye-binding after focusing in a broad-range ampholyte gel. Giardin is slightly less acidic than tubulin. On gels it splits into four major and four minor chains with isoelectric points in the pI range from 5.8 to 6.2. The amino acid composition of the giardin fraction has been determined, and compared to Giardia tubulin and a rat brain tubulin standard. Giardins are rich in helix-forming residues, particularly leucine. They have a low content of proline and glycine; therefore they may have extensive alpha-helical regions and be rod-shaped. As integral proteins of disc microribbons, giardins in vivo associate closely with tubulin. The properties of giardins indicate that in a number of respects - molecular size, charge, stoichiometry - their structural interaction with tubulin assemblies will be different from other tubulin-accessory protein copolymers studied in vitro.

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