scholarly journals Amino acids attached to transfer ribonucleic acid in vivo

1975 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Butler ◽  
A Darbre ◽  
H R Arnstein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Rabbit Liver ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Total Tissue

1. tRNA was extracted from rabbit liver by both the phenol and diethyl pyrocarbonate methods under conditions preventing deacylation of the amino acids attached in vivo. 2. After deacylation 12 amino acids were determined by gas-liquid chromatography, by using the flame-ionization and nitrogen-sensitive thermionic detectors. 3. Comparison of the distribution of 12 amino acids attached to tRNA with those contained in total tissue protein and in the free pool showed little correlation. 4. Results for the enzymic charging assay for tRNA in vitro did not correlate satisfactorily with the analysis of amino acids attached to tRNA in vivo. Marked differences were ntoed in comparison made between our own and other published results.

scholarly journals Rates of aminoacyl-transfer-ribonucleic acid synthesis in vivo and in vitro by bean leaves

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Hall ◽  
K. L. Tao
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Endogenous Amino Acids ◽  
Intact Leaves ◽  
Aminoacyl Transfer ◽  
Bean Leaves

1. A procedure for measuring rates of aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis in vitro and in intact leaves is presented. 2. Leaf discs showed rates close to those of intact leaves. 3. Cell-free preparations showed similar rates when assayed by pyrophosphate exchange, but actual aminoacyl-tRNA formation rates appeared to be much lower. Evidence is presented that dilution of supplied labelled amino acids was a major factor causing the low apparent rates. 4. Attempts to strip endogenous amino acids from plant tRNA resulted in low acceptor capability of the tRNA.

Detection and Analysis of Parpanit in Blood by Gas–Liquid Chromatography

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
A. A. Casselman ◽  
R. A. B. Bannard
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Fresh Blood ◽  
Rabbit Blood ◽  
Clearance Studies

A method has been developed for the extraction of Parpanit free base (caramiphen) from human blood and for determination of the drug by gas–liquid chromatography. The method is reliable and nearly quantitative but insufficiently sensitive for use in peak build-up and clearance studies in humans. Factors such as the age of the blood and time of contact of the drug with the blood on the efficiency of recovery were examined. The Parpanit content of fresh rabbit blood could be measured accurately, but there was considerable variability in the results obtained with fresh blood from different rabbits. The drug was degraded or absorbed by contact with rabbit blood in vitro and in vivo, more rapidly by the serum than by the cells.

scholarly journals Chemical Changes of Hydroperoxy-, Epoxy-, Keto- and Hydroxy-Model Lipids under Simulated Gastric Conditions

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2035
Author(s):  
Gloria Márquez-Ruiz ◽  
Francisca Holgado ◽  
María Victoria Ruiz-Méndez ◽  
Joaquín Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Oxygenated Functional Groups

Chemical changes occurring in dietary lipid oxidation compounds throughout the gastrointestinal tract are practically unknown. The first site for potential chemical modifications is the stomach due to the strong acidic conditions. In this study, model lipids representative of the most abundant groups of dietary oxidation compounds were subjected to in vitro gastric conditions. Thus, methyl linoleate hydroperoxides were used as representative of the major oxidation compounds formed in food storage at low and moderate temperatures. Methyl 9,10-epoxystearate, 12-oxostearate and 12-hydroxystearate were selected as model compounds bearing the oxygenated functional groups predominantly found in oxidation compounds formed at the high temperatures of frying. Analyses were performed using gas-liquid chromatography/flame ionization detection/mass spectrometry and high performance-liquid chromatography/ultraviolet detection. Losses of methyl 9,10-epoxystearate and linoleate hydroperoxides in the ranges 17.8–58.8% and 42.3–61.7% were found, respectively, whereas methyl 12-oxostearate and methyl 12-hydroxystearate remained unaltered. Although quantitative data of the compounds formed after digestion were not obtained, methyl 9,10-dihydroxystearate was detected after digestion of methyl 9,10-epoxystearate, and some major volatiles were detected after digestion of linoleate hydroperoxides. Overall, the results showed that significant modifications of dietary oxidized lipids occurred during gastric digestion and supported that the low pH of the gastric fluid played an important role.

scholarly journals Aminoacyltransferase I-catalysed binding of phenylalanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid to muscle ribosomes from normal and diabetic rats

1971 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Leader ◽  
I. G. Wool ◽  
J. J. Castles
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Escherichia Coli B

The aminoacyltransferase I-catalysed binding of phenylalanyl-tRNA (unfractionated Escherichia coli B tRNA acylated with radioactive phenylalanine and 19 non-radioactive amino acids) to skeletal-muscle ribosomes from diabetic rats was less than that to ribosomes from normal rats when the Mg2+ concentration was low (7.5mm); whereas just the reverse was true when the concentration of the cation was higher (15mm). Thus the Mg2+ dependency of aminoacyltransferase I-catalysed binding of phenylalanyl-tRNA to ribosomes from normal and diabetic rats paralleled the effect of Mg2+ concentration on synthesis of polyphenylalanine reported before. During incubation at 7.5mm-Mg2+ phenylalanyl-tRNA was bound only to ribosomes bearing nascent peptidyl-tRNA. There are fewer such ribosomes in a preparation from the muscle of diabetic animals because diabetic animals synthesize less protein in vivo. Thus the difference in polyphenylalanine synthesis in vitro is adequately explained by the difference in enzyme-catalysed binding of phenylalanyl-tRNA to ribosomes, however, the basis of the difference in protein synthesis in vivo is still unknown.

scholarly journals CDC Group O-3: Phenotypic Characteristics, Fatty Acid Composition, Isoprenoid Quinone Content, and In Vitro Antimicrobic Susceptibilities of an Unusual Gram-Negative Bacterium Isolated from Clinical Specimens

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1674-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Daneshvar ◽  
B. Hill ◽  
D. G. Hollis ◽  
C. W. Moss ◽  
J. G. Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Gram Negative

Between 1983 and 1994, 13 phenotypically similar unidentified clinical isolates were received by the Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sources included blood (four strains), lung (three strains), knee fluid and duodenal tissue (one strain each), bone, and lymph node tissue (two strains each). All were aerobic glucose-oxidizing, slender, long, curved gram-negative rods that utilized xylose, sucrose, and maltose; did not grow on MacConkey agar in 1 to 2 days; were oxidase positive; hydrolyzed esculin; and grew on Campylobacter selective medium. All were negative for urease, indole, nitrate reduction, and gelatin hydrolysis. All were motile by means of a single polar flagellum with a noticeably short wavelength; however, motility was sometimes difficult to demonstrate. The cellular fatty acid compositions of these strains, as analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography, were unique, characterized by relatively large amounts of 16:1ω7c, 16:0, and 18:1ω7c with smaller amounts of 12:0, 3-OH-12:1, 14:0, 15:0, 18:0, Br-19:1, and 19:0cyc11–12. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of the quinone extracts of three representative strains showed ubiquinone-10 as the major component. Based on the breakpoints for the familyEnterobacteriaceae, all the strains were susceptible in vitro to aminoglycosides, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol but were resistant to most beta-lactams except imipenem. The MICs of amoxicillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin for these strains clustered around the breakpoints, which makes it difficult to predict the strains’ response in vivo to these agents. This group has been designated CDC oxidizer group 3 (O-3).

Obtaining and Characterization of Alhagi persarum Boiss. et Buhse Callus Cell Cultures, Isoflavonoid Producers

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
D.V. Коchkin ◽  
G.I. Sobolkovа ◽  
А.А. Fоmеnkov ◽  
R.А. Sidorov ◽  
А.М. Nоsоv
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detection ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Callus Cell

The physiological characteristics of the callus cell cultures of Alhagi persarum Boiss et Buhse, a member of the legume family, widely used in folk medicine, have been studied. It was shown that the source of the explant was an important factor in the initiation of callusogenesis: more intense callusogenesis (almost 100%) was observed for explants from various organs of sterile seedlings, rather than intact plants (less than 30%). As a result, more than 20 lines of morphologically different callus cell cultures were obtained, and the growth parameters for the 5 most intensively growing lines were determined. The composition of fatty acids (FA) of total lipids and secondary metabolites in the most physiologically stable callus line Aр-207 was analyzed. Using capillary gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GLC-MS), 19 individual C12--C24 FAs were identified, the main fraction of which were palmitic (~ 23%), stearic (~ 22%), linoleic (~ 14%) and α-linolenic (~ 33%) acids. The established atypical ratio of FAs (a simultaneous high content of both saturated FAs and polyunsaturated α-linolenic acid) is possibly due to the adaptation of cells to in vitro growth conditions. Phytochemical analysis of the secondary metabolites was carried out using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (UPLC MS). Compounds belonging to different structural groups of isoflavones were found. Aglycones (calycosin, formononetin and afrormosin isomer), glucosides (formononetin glucoside), as well as esters of glucosides (malonylglycosides of calicosin, formononetin, afrormosin isomers, glycitein and genistein) were detected. These secondary metabolites are widespread in plants of the Fabaceae family; however, isoflavones are rare in representatives of the Alhagi genus. The presence of malonylated isoflavone glycosides in Alhagi spp. was shown for the first time. endemic plant species, Alhagi, in vitro cell culture, callus cell culture, isoflavones, fatty acids All studies were carried out using the equipment of the "Experimental Biotechnological Facility" and the "All-Russian Collection of Cell Cultures of Higher Plants" of IРР RAS. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), contract no.18-54-06021 (Az_a), and the Government of the Russian Federation, Megagrant Project no. 075-15-2019-1882.

Phytochemical, Analytical and Medicinal Studies of Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Planch - A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Simranjeet Singh ◽  
Ragini Bhadouria ◽  
Ravindra Singh ◽  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Planch (HI) has been used to treat various ailments including obesity, osteoarthritis, arthritis, inflammation, anemia, diabetes etc. To review the major phytochemicals and medicinal properties of HI, exhaustive bibliographic research was designed by means of various scientific search engines and databases. Only 12 phytochemicals have been reported including biologically active compounds like betulin, betulinic acid, epifriedlin, octacosanol, Friedlin, Holoptelin-A and Holoptelin-B. Analytical methods including the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography With Mass Spectral (LC-MS) analysis have been used to analyze the HI. From medicinal potency point of view, these phytochemicals have a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. In the current review, it has been noticed that the mechanism of action of HI with biomolecules has not been fully explored. Pharmacology and toxicological studies are very few. This seems a huge literature gap to be fulfilled through the detailed in-vivo and in-vitro studies.

The 1- and 2-Naphthylalanine Analogs of Oxytocin and Vasopressin

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2170-2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenko Procházka ◽  
Jiřina Slaninová
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Pressor Test

Solid phase technique on p-methylbenzhydrylamine resin was used for the synthesis of four analogs of oxytocin and four analogs of vasopressin with the non-coded amino acids L- or D- and 1- or 2-naphthylalanine and D-homoarginine. [L-1-Nal2]oxytocin, [D-1-Nal2]oxytocin, [L-2-Nal2]oxytocin, [D-2-Nal2]oxytocin, [L-1-Nal2, D-Har8]vasopressin, [D-1-Nal2, D-Har8]vasopressin, [L-2-Nal2, D-Har8]vasopressin and [D-2-Nal2, D-Har8]vasopressin were synthesized. All eight analogs were found to be uterotonic inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Analogs with 2-naphthylalanine are stronger inhibitors, particularly in the vasopressin series than the analogs with 1-naphthylalanine. Analogs with 1-naphthylalanine have no activity in the pressor test, analogs with 2-naphthylalanine are weak pressor inhibitors.

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